Eli nqaku lelokuqala kungcelele lwamanqaku athi “Uluthatha Njani Ulawulo Lwezixhobo Zothungelwano Lwakho. Imixholo yawo onke amanqaku kuthotho kunye namakhonkco anokufunyanwa .
Ndivuma ngokupheleleyo ukuba kukho inani elaneleyo leenkampani apho ukungasebenzi kwenethiwekhi yeyure enye okanye usuku olunye alubalulekanga. Ngelishwa okanye ngethamsanqa, andizange ndifumane ithuba lokusebenza kwiindawo ezinjalo. Kodwa, ewe, uthungelwano lwahlukile, iimfuno zahlukile, iindlela zokunxibelelana zahlukile, ukanti, ngendlela enye okanye enye, olu luhlu lungezantsi kwiimeko ezininzi luya kuba “yinto ekufuneka yenziwe.”
Ngoko ke, iimeko zokuqala.
Ukumsebenzi omtsha, ufumene unyuselo, okanye uthathe isigqibo sokujonga ngokutsha uxanduva lwakho. Inethiwekhi yenkampani yindawo yakho yoxanduva. Kuwe, oku kungumceli mngeni ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye kutsha, nto leyo ithethelela ithoni yokucebisa yeli nqaku :). Kodwa ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku linokuba luncedo kuyo nayiphi na injineli yenethiwekhi.
Injongo yakho yokuqala yesicwangciso kukufunda ukumelana ne-entropy kunye nokugcina inqanaba lenkonzo enikezelweyo.
Uninzi lweengxaki ezichazwe ngezantsi zinokusonjululwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Andiyiphakamisi ngamabomu isihloko sokuphunyezwa kobugcisa, kuba... ngokomgaqo, kaninzi ayibalulekanga kangako indlela oyisombulule ngayo le okanye loo ngxaki, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo yindlela oyisebenzisa ngayo nokuba uyayisebenzisa kwaphela. Umzekelo, inkqubo yakho yokubeka iliso eyakhiwe ngobuchule ayisebenzi kangako ukuba awuyijongi kwaye awuphenduli kwizilumkiso.
Izixhobo
Okokuqala kufuneka uqonde ukuba ziphi na iingozi ezinkulu.
Kwakhona, inokwahluka. Ndiyavuma ukuba kwindawo ethile, umzekelo, oku kuya kuba yimiba yokhuseleko, kwaye kwindawo ethile, imiba enxulumene nokuqhubeka kwenkonzo, kunye nendawo, mhlawumbi, enye into. Ngoba kutheni?
Makhe sicinge, ukuba kucace, ukuba oku kusekho ukuqhubeka kwenkonzo (oku kwakunjalo kuzo zonke iinkampani apho ndisebenza khona).
Emva koko kufuneka uqale ngesixhobo. Nalu uluhlu lwezihloko ekufuneka uziqwalasele:
- ukuhlelwa kwezixhobo ngokwenqanaba lokubaluleke kakhulu
- backup izixhobo ezibalulekileyo
- inkxaso, iilayisensi
Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngeemeko ezinokwenzeka zokungaphumeleli, ngakumbi ngezixhobo eziphezulu kuhlelo lwakho olubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukubakho kweengxaki eziphindwe kabini kuhoywa, ngaphandle koko isisombululo sakho kunye nenkxaso inokubiza ngokungekho ngqiqweni, kodwa kwimeko yezinto ezibalulekileyo zenethiwekhi, ukusilela okunokuthi kuchaphazele kakhulu ishishini, kufuneka ucinge ngako.
Umzekelo:
Masithi sithetha ngengcambu yokutshintsha kwiziko ledatha.
Ekubeni sivumelene ukuba ukuqhubeka kwenkonzo yeyona khrayitheriya ibalulekileyo, kunengqiqo ukubonelela nge-backup "eshushu" (i-redundancy) yesi sixhobo. Kodwa akuphelelanga apho. Kufuneka kwakhona uthathe isigqibo malunga nokuba ixesha elingakanani, ukuba utshintsho lokuqala luyaphuka, ngaba kwamkelekile ukuba uphile kunye nokutshintsha okushiyekileyo, kuba kukho umngcipheko wokuba uya kuphuka.
Kubalulekile! Awunyanzelekanga ukuba uwugqibe ngokwakho lo mba. Kufuneka uchaze imingcipheko, izisombululo ezinokwenzeka kunye neendleko kulawulo okanye kulawulo lwenkampani. Kufuneka benze izigqibo.
Ngoko ke, ukuba kugqitywe ukuba, xa kunikwe ithuba elincinane lokungaphumeleli kabini, ukusebenza iiyure ezi-4 kwinguqu enye, ngokomgaqo, kuyamkeleka, ngoko unokuthatha nje inkxaso efanelekileyo (ngokokuba isixhobo siya kutshintshwa phakathi kwe-4). iiyure).
Kodwa kukho umngcipheko wokuba abayi kuzisa. Ngelishwa, sakha sazifumana sikuloo meko. Endaweni yeeyure ezine, izixhobo zihambe iveki!!!
Ngoko ke, lo mngcipheko nawo kufuneka uxoxwe kwaye, mhlawumbi, kuya kulunga ngakumbi ukuba uthenge enye iswitshi (yesithathu) kwaye uyigcine kwi-package ye-spare parts (i-backup "ebandayo") okanye uyisebenzise kwiinjongo zebhubhoratri.
Kubalulekile! Yenza i-spreadsheet sayo yonke inkxaso onayo kunye nemihla yokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwaye uyifake kwikhalenda yakho ukuze ufumane i-imeyile ubuncinane kwinyanga ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukukhathazeka malunga nokuvuselela inkxaso yakho.
Awuyi kuxolelwa ukuba uyalibala ukuhlaziya inkxaso yakho kunye nosuku emva kokuba iphelile ikhefu lakho le-hardware.
Umsebenzi ongxamisekileyo
Nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na kwinethiwekhi yakho, kufanelekile ukuba ugcine ukufikelela kwisixhobo sakho senethiwekhi.
Kubalulekile! Kuya kufuneka ube nokufikelela kwi-console kuzo zonke izixhobo kwaye oku kufikelela akufuneki kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yenethiwekhi yedatha yomsebenzisi.
Kufuneka kwakhona ubone kwangaphambili iimeko ezinokuthi zingabikho kwangethuba kwaye ubhale amanyathelo ayimfuneko. Ukufumaneka kolu xwebhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoko akufanele kuthunyelwe kuphela kwisixhobo ekwabelwana ngaso kwisebe, kodwa kwakhona kugcinwe kwindawo kwiikhomputha zeenjineli.
Kufuneka kubekho
- ulwazi olufunekayo ukuvula itikiti kunye nomthengisi okanye inkxaso yokudibanisa
- ulwazi malunga nendlela yokufumana nasiphi na isixhobo (console, ulawulo)
Ngokuqinisekileyo, inokuthi iqulethe naluphi na olunye ulwazi oluluncedo, umzekelo, inkcazo yenkqubo yokuphucula izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemiyalelo eluncedo yokuxilonga.
Abalingani bethu
Ngoku kufuneka uvavanye imingcipheko enxulumene namaqabane. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku
- Ababoneleli be-Intanethi kunye namanqaku otshintshiselwano lwetrafikhi (IX)
- ababoneleli ngejelo lonxibelelwano
Yiyiphi imibuzo omele uzibuze yona? Njengakwizixhobo zokusebenza, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonxunguphalo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Umzekelo, kubaboneleli be-Intanethi, inokuba yinto efana nale:
- kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umboneleli we-Intanethi u-X uyeka ukukunika inkonzo ngesizathu esithile?
- Ngaba abanye ababoneleli baya kuba ne-bandwidth eyaneleyo kuwe?
- Ingaba unxibelelwano luya kuhlala lulungile kangakanani?
- Bazimele kangakanani ababoneleli bakho be-Intanethi kwaye ngaba ukucinywa okunzulu komnye wabo kubangela iingxaki nabanye?
- mangaphi amagalelo optical kwiziko lakho ledatha?
- kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba elinye lamagalelo litshatyalalisiwe ngokupheleleyo?
Ngokumalunga namagalelo, ekusebenzeni kwam kwiinkampani ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kumaziko amabini ahlukeneyo edatha, i-excavator yatshabalalisa amaqula kwaye kuphela ngokumangalisayo i-optics yethu ayizange ichaphazeleke. Le asiyomeko inqabileyo.
Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, akudingeki ukuba ubuze le mibuzo kuphela, kodwa, kwakhona, ngenkxaso yolawulo, ukubonelela ngesisombululo esamkelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko.
NONE
Okuphambili okulandelayo kusenokuba lugcino lolungelelwaniso lwezixhobo. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, le ngongoma ebaluleke kakhulu. Andiyi kuluhlu lwamatyala xa ungalahlekelwa ulungelelwaniso, kungcono ukwenza i-backups rhoqo kwaye ungacingi ngayo. Ukongeza, ii-backups eziqhelekileyo zinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekubekeni iliso utshintsho.
Kubalulekile! Yenza i-backups yonke imihla. Oku akusiyo isixa esikhulu kangaka sedatha ukugcina kule. Ekuseni, injineli emsebenzini (okanye wena) kufuneka ufumane ingxelo evela kwinkqubo, ebonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba i-backup iphumelele okanye ayikho, kwaye ukuba i-backup ayiphumelelanga, ingxaki kufuneka isonjululwe okanye idalwe ithikithi ( bona iinkqubo zesebe lothungelwano).
Iinguqulelo zeSoftware
Umbuzo wokuba ngaba akufanelekile ukuphuculwa kwesoftware yezixhobo azicaciswanga. Kwelinye icala, iinguqulelo ezindala zaziwa bugs kunye nobuthathaka, kodwa kwelinye icala, isoftware entsha, okokuqala, ayisoloko iyinkqubo yokuphucula engenabuhlungu, kwaye okwesibini, iibhugi ezintsha kunye nobuthathaka.
Apha kufuneka ufumane eyona ndlela ilungileyo. Iingcebiso ezimbalwa ezicacileyo
- faka kuphela iinguqulelo ezizinzileyo
- Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki uphile kwiinguqulelo zakudala zesoftware
- yenza uphawu ngolwazi malunga nokuba iphi isoftware ethile
- funda rhoqo iingxelo malunga nobuthathaka kunye neempazamo kwiinguqulelo zesoftware, kwaye kwimeko yeengxaki ezinzima, kufuneka ucinge malunga nokuphucula
Ngeli nqanaba, ukufumana i-console ukufikelela kwisixhobo, ulwazi malunga nenkxaso kunye nenkcazo yenkqubo yokuphucula, ngokomgaqo, ulungele le nyathelo. Inketho efanelekileyo kuxa unezixhobo zelabhoratri apho unokujonga yonke inkqubo, kodwa, ngelishwa, oku akwenzeki rhoqo.
Kwimeko yezixhobo ezibalulekileyo, unokuqhagamshelana nenkxaso yomthengisi ngesicelo sokukunceda ekuphuculeni.
Inkqubo yamatikiti
Ngoku ungajonga ngapha nangapha. Kufuneka useke iinkqubo zonxibelelwano namanye amasebe nangaphakathi kwisebe.
Oku kusenokungabi yimfuneko (umzekelo, ukuba inkampani yakho incinci), kodwa ndingancoma kakhulu ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi ngendlela yokuba yonke imisebenzi yangaphandle neyangaphakathi ihambe ngenkqubo yetikiti.
Inkqubo yetikiti lujongano lwakho lonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle, kwaye kuya kufuneka uchaze olu jongano ngokweenkcukacha ezaneleyo.
Makhe sithathe umzekelo womsebenzi obalulekileyo kunye noqhelekileyo wokuvula ukufikelela. Ndiza kuchaza i-algorithm esebenze ngokugqibeleleyo kwenye yeenkampani.
Umzekelo:
Masiqale ngento yokuba abathengi bahlala beyila iminqweno yabo ngolwimi olungaqondakaliyo kwinjineli yenethiwekhi, oko kukuthi, ngolwimi lwesicelo, umzekelo, "ndinike ukufikelela kwi-1C."
Ngoko ke, asizange samkele izicelo ngokuthe ngqo ezivela kubasebenzisi abanjalo.
Yaye leyo yayiyimfuneko yokuqala
- izicelo zofikelelo kufuneka zivele kumasebe obugcisa (kwimeko yethu ezi ibizii-unix, iifestile, iinjineli zedesika yoncedo)
Imfuneko yesibini kukuba
- olu fikelelo kufuneka lufakwe (lisebe lobugcisa apho sifumene khona esi sicelo) kwaye njengesicelo sifumana ikhonkco kolu fikelelo lulogiweyo.
Ifomu yesi sicelo kufuneka iqondwe kuthi, okt.
- Isicelo kufuneka siqulathe ulwazi malunga nokuba yeyiphi i-subnet kwaye loluphi ufikelelo lwe-subnet kufuneka luvulwe, kunye neprothokholi kwaye (kwimeko ye-tcp/udp) izibuko
Kufuneka kwakhona iboniswe apho
- Inkcazo yokuba kutheni olu fikelelo luvulwa
- okwethutyana okanye isigxina (ukuba yeyethutyana, kude kube nguwuphi umhla)
Kwaye inqaku elibaluleke kakhulu kukuvunywa
- ukusuka kwintloko yesebe eliqalise ukufikelela (umzekelo, ubalo-mali)
- ukusuka kwintloko yesebe lobugcisa, apho esi sicelo safika kwisebe lenethiwekhi (umzekelo, idesika yoncedo)
Kule meko, "umnini" wolu fikelelo uthathwa njengentloko yesebe eliqalise ukufikelela (i-accounting kumzekelo wethu), kwaye unoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba iphepha elinofikelelo olungenisiweyo kweli sebe lihlala lihlaziyiwe. .
Ukugawulwa kwemithi
Le yinto onokutshona kuyo. Kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuphumeza indlela esebenzayo, ke kufuneka ufunde indlela yokujongana nale datha yonogumbe.
Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezisebenzayo:
- kufuneka uphonononge iinkuni yonke imihla
- kwimeko yokuphononongwa okucwangcisiweyo (kwaye kungekhona imeko engxamisekileyo), unokuzikhawulela kumanqanaba obunzima 0, 1, 2 kwaye ungeze iipatheni ezikhethiweyo ukusuka kwamanye amanqanaba ukuba ucinga ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- bhala umbhalo ocalula iilog kwaye ungazihoyi ezo logs ezinepateni oyongezile kuluhlu lokungahoyi
Le ndlela iya kukuvumela, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuba wenze uluhlu lokungahoywa kweenkuni ezingenamdla kuwe kwaye ushiye kuphela ezo ozijonga njengezibalulekileyo.
Yasisebenzela kakhulu.
Ukubeka iliso
Akuqhelekanga ukuba inkampani iswele inkqubo yokubeka iliso. Unako, umzekelo, ukuthembela kwizigodo, kodwa izixhobo zinokuthi "zife" ngaphandle kokuba nexesha "lokuthetha" nantoni na, okanye ipakethe yeprotocol ye-udp syslog inokulahleka kwaye ingafiki. Ngokubanzi, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukubeka iliso okusebenzayo kubalulekile kwaye kuyimfuneko.
Imizekelo emibini edume kakhulu kwindlela yam yokusebenza:
- ukubeka esweni umthwalo wamajelo onxibelelwano, amakhonkco abalulekileyo (umzekelo, ukudibanisa nababoneleli). Bakuvumela ukuba ubone ngokukhawuleza ingxaki enokubakho yokuthotywa kwenkonzo ngenxa yokulahleka kwezithuthi kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, uyiphephe.
- iigrafu ezisekelwe kwi-NetFlow. Benza ukuba kube lula ukufumana i-anomalies kwi-traffic kwaye baluncedo kakhulu ekuboneni ezinye iintlobo ezilula kodwa ezibalulekileyo zohlaselo lwe-hacker.
Kubalulekile! Cwangcisa izaziso zeSMS kwezona ziganeko zibalulekileyo. Oku kusebenza kuzo zombini esweni kunye nokuloga. Ukuba awunalo ishifti xa usemsebenzini, kufuneka i-sms ifike ngaphandle kweeyure zomsebenzi.
Cinga ngenkqubo ngendlela yokuba ungazivusi zonke iinjineli. Sasinonjineli osemsebenzini woku.
Guqula ulawulo
Ngokombono wam, akuyimfuneko ukulawula zonke iinguqu. Kodwa, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kufuneka ukwazi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukufumana lula ukuba ngubani owenze utshintsho oluthile kwinethiwekhi kwaye kutheni.
Iingcebiso ezimbalwa:
- sebenzisa inkqubo yetikiti ukunika iinkcukacha okwenziwa kwelo tikiti, umzekelo ngokukopa uqwalaselo olusetyenzisiweyo kwitikiti
- sebenzisa amandla okuphawula kwisixhobo sothungelwano (umzekelo, yenza izimvo kwiJuniper). Ungayibhala phantsi inombolo yetikiti
- sebenzisa idiff yogcino lwakho logcino
Unokwenza oku njengenkqubo, uphonononga onke amatikiti mihla le ukuze utshintshe.
Iinkqubo
Kufuneka wenze ngokusesikweni kwaye uchaze iinkqubo kwiqela lakho. Ukuba ufikelele kweli nqanaba, ke iqela lakho kufuneka libe sele linezi nkqubo zilandelayo:
Iinkqubo zemihla ngemihla:
- ukusebenza ngamatikiti
- ukusebenza ngezigodo
- utshintsho ulawulo
- Iphepha lokujonga imihla ngemihla
Iinkqubo zonyaka:
- ukwandiswa kweziqinisekiso, iilayisensi
Iinkqubo ezingahambelaniyo:
- impendulo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zonxunguphalo
Ukuqukunjelwa kwenxalenye yokuqala
Ngaba uye waqaphela ukuba konke oku akukabikho malunga nokucwangciswa kwenethiwekhi, kungekhona malunga noyilo, kungekhona malunga neeprotocol zenethiwekhi, kungekhona malunga nomzila, kungekhona malunga nokhuseleko ... Yinto ejikelezayo. Kodwa ezi, nangona mhlawumbi ziyadika, ngokuqinisekileyo, zibaluleke kakhulu izinto zomsebenzi wolwahlulo lwenethiwekhi.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, njengoko ubona, awuphucukanga nantoni na kwinethiwekhi yakho. Ukuba bekukho ubuthathaka bokhuseleko, ke bahlala; Ude usebenzise izakhono zakho kunye nolwazi njengenjineli yenethiwekhi, apho uchithe ixesha elininzi, umzamo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imali. Kodwa okokuqala kufuneka udale (okanye uqinise) isiseko, uze uqale ukwakha.
La macandelo alandelayo aya kukuxelela indlela yokufumana kunye nokuphelisa iimpazamo, kwaye emva koko uphucule iziseko zakho.
Ewe kunjalo, akunyanzelekanga ukuba wenze yonke into ngokulandelelanayo. Ixesha linokuba yingozi. Yenze ngokunxuseneyo ukuba izixhobo ziyakuvumela.
Kwaye ukongeza okubalulekileyo. Nxibelelana, buza, bonisana neqela lakho. Ekugqibeleni, ngabo abaxhasayo nabakwenza konke oku.
umthombo: www.habr.com