Inguqulelo yegama elithi trunk ixhomekeke njani kumthengisi wokutshintsha?

Ndiqaphele le mpazamo (okanye, ukuba ukhetha, ukungafani) ngelixa ujonga uguqulelo kwi-NETGEAR switch. Inyaniso kukuba xa uguqulela igama “isiqu” Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ingcaciso kabani umthengisi abambelela kuyo - ServerAdmin okanye HP, kuba kukho intsingiselo yobugcisa eyahluke kakhulu phakathi kwabo.
Makhe siqonde.

Makhe sijonge ingxaki ngokusebenzisa le mizekelo ilandelayo:

1 Cisco

2. HP

Umfundi onomdla uya kuqaphela oko “isiqu” inentsingiselo eyahlukileyo kule mizekelo.

Masimbe.

Cisco version

ServerAdmin phantsi "trunk'om' uyaqonda umjelo wokukhomba ngenqaku (ijelo lonxibelelwano elidibanisa ngqo izixhobo ezibini), edibanisa iswitshi kunye nesinye isixhobo senethiwekhi, esifana nesinye iswitshi okanye umzila. Umsebenzi wakhe ngulo dlula itrafikhi yee-VLAN ezininzi ngetshaneli enye kwaye ubanikeze ukufikelela kuyo yonke inethiwekhi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ebizwa "isiqu", nto leyo esengqiqweni.

Umgaqo wokusebenza

Masiqale ngokuthi yintoni iVLAN?

IVLAN limela Inethiwekhi yendawo ebonakalayo okanye inethwekhi yasekhaya enenyani. Le yitekhnoloji ekuvumela ukuba wahlule uthungelwano olubonakalayo lube luninzi olunengqiqo olusebenza ngokuzimeleyo omnye komnye. Ngokomzekelo, kukho inkampani iSebe lezabasebenzi, accounting и Isebe le-IT. Zinokutshintsha kwazo, ezidityaniswe ngokutshintsha okuphakathi kwinethiwekhi enye, kwaye kuthungelwano lwala masebe kufuneka ahlulwe omnye komnye. Kulapho iteknoloji yeVLAN iza kunceda.

Yile ndlela inethiwekhi ejongeka ngayo, yahlulwe yaba ziiVLAN (iinethiwekhi ezibonakalayo).

Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa imibala eyahlukileyo ukubonisa iVLAN.

Ngoko ke amazibuko aphawulwe ngokuluhlaza akwiVLAN enye, kwaye amazibuko aphawulwe ngobomvu akwelinye. Emva koko iikhompyuter ezikwiVLAN enye zinokunxibelelana kuphela omnye komnye, kodwa azikwazi ngeekhompyutha eziyenye iVLAN.

Utshintsho kwitafile yokutshintsha kwiVLAN

Xa udala iiVLAN, enye insimu yongezwa kwitafile yokutshintsha ukutshintshwa, apho izihlonzi zeVLAN ziboniswa khona. Yenziwe lula ibonakala ngolu hlobo:

Apha sibona ukuba izibuko 1 kunye ne-2 yeye-VLAN 2, kunye ne-3 kunye ne-4 ye-VLAN 10.

Qhubeka. Kumaleko wekhonkco ledatha, idatha ihanjiswa ngendlela yezakhelo (izakhelo). Xa uhambisa izakhelo ukusuka kwenye iswitshi ukuya kwenye, ulwazi luyafuneka malunga nokuba yeyiphi iVLAN isakhelo esithile. Olu lwazi longezwa kwisakhelo esigqithisiweyo. Okwangoku, umgangatho ovulekileyo usetyenziselwa le njongo. IEEE 802.1Q. Inyathelo ngenyathelo lenguquko yesakhelo kwiVLAN

1. Ikhompyuter ivelisa kwaye ithumela isakhelo esiqhelekileyo (isakhelo, esaziwa ngokuba yipakethi kwinqanaba lekhonkco, oko kukuthi kwinqanaba lokutshintsha)ngaphandle kokongeza nantoni na. Esi sakhelo sijongeka ngolu hlobo:

1. Umtshintshi ufumana isakhelo. Ngokuhambelana netafile yokutshintsha, iyaqonda ukuba yeyiphi ikhompyuter isakhelo esivela kuyo kwaye yeyiphi iVLAN le khompyuter. Emva koko umtshintshi ngokwawo wongeza ulwazi lwenkonzo kwisakhelo, okubizwa ngokuba ithegi Ithegi yintsimi emva kwedilesi ye-MAC yomthumeli, equlathe, ngokurhabaxa ukuthetha, inombolo yeVLAN. Nantsi indlela ekhangeleka ngayo isakhelo esinethegi:

Ukutshintsha ke kuthumela esi sakhelo kwenye iswitshi.

1. Umtshintshi ofumana isakhelo ukhupha ulwazi lwe-VLAN kuyo, oko kukuthi, uyaqonda ukuba yeyiphi ikhompyutha esi sakhelo kufuneka sithunyelwe kuyo, sisusa lonke ulwazi lwenkonzo kwisakhelo kwaye siyidlulisele kwikhompyutheni yommkeli.

2. Isakhelo sifika kwikhompyuter yomamkeli ngaphandle kolwazi lwenkonzo.

Ngoku masibuyele kweyethutrunk'u'. Tshintsha amazibuko axhasa iiVLANs anokohlulwa abe ngamaqela amabini:

1. Izibuko eziphawulweyo (okanye izibuko ezinkulu у ServerAdmin)
2. Izibuko ezingaphawulwanga (okanye ukufikelela kumazibuko)

Sinomdla kumazibuko aphawulweyo okanye amazibuko amakhulu. Bakhonza ngokuchanekileyo izibuko elinye kwakunokwenzeka ukuthumela idatha ye ezahlukeneyo VLAN kwaye ufumane idatha evela kwiiVLAN ezininzi kwizibuko elinye (sikhumbula ukuba amazibuko asuka kwiiVLAN ezahlukeneyo awabonani).

Kulo mzobo, izibuko eziphawulweyo linani 21 и 22, ezidibanisa iiswitshi ezimbini. Iifreyimu, umzekelo, ukusuka kwikhompyutheni, ziya kudlula kuzo Е kwikhompyuter А, ezikwiVLAN efanayo, ngokwenkqubo echazwe ngasentla.

Ngoko ke, umjelo wonxibelelwano phakathi kwala mazibuko ServerAdmin yiloo nto ebizwa ngayo"trunk'ohm'.

Inguqulelo HP

Inkampani ilitolika njani eli gama?

Asithethi ngeeVLANs apha kwaphela. Mhlawumbi ku HP sithetha ngetekhnoloji yokudibanisa itshaneli. Bane “isiqu” - oku umjelo onengqondo, edibanisa imijelo yomzimba emininzi. Le ndibaniselwano ikuvumela ukuba ukwandise ukugqithisa kunye nokuthembeka kwetshaneli. Masiyijonge ngomzekelo. Masithi sinezinto ezimbini zokutshintshela, nganye kuzo inamazibuko amane kwaye la mazibuko aqhagamshelwe elinye nelinye ngeengcingo ezine.

Ukuba ushiya yonke into injengoko injalo - imidibaniso nje phakathi kokutshintsha - ke olu nxibelelwano luya kudlulisela izakhelo komnye nomnye kwisangqa, o.k. iihenjisi (kwaye izakhelo zosasazo ziya kuphindwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, zizisa utshintsho kwisiphango sosasazo).

Uqhagamshelo olunjalo oluphindiweyo luyaqwalaselwa engafunekiyo, kwaye kufuneka zipheliswe, i-STP (i-Spanning Tree Protocol) ikhona kule njongo. Emva koko kuqhagamshelo lwethu olune, i-STP iya kucima ezintathu kuba izibona zingafunekiyo, kwaye lunxibelelwano olunye kuphela oluya kuhlala.

Ke, ukuba sidibanisa la matshaneli amane abonakalayo, kuya kubakho itshaneli enye enengqiqo kunye ne-bandwidth eyandisiweyo phakathi kokutshintsha (Isantya esiphezulu sosasazo lolwazi kumjelo wonxibelelwano ngeyunithi yexesha). Oko kukuthi, iziteshi ezine zisetyenziselwa kanye, kwaye ingxaki ngoxhulumaniso olungafunekiyo lusonjululwe. Sesi sijelo esinengqiqo (esihlanganisiweyo) esibizwa ngokuba HP "trunk'ohm'.

Ukudibanisa ukudibanisa kunokuqwalaselwa phakathi kokutshintsha ezimbini, ukutshintshela kunye ne-router. Ukuya kuthi ga kwiitshaneli zomzimba ezisibhozo zinokudityaniswa zibe ngumjelo omnye onengqiqo. Kubalulekile ukuba onke amazibuko adityaniswe kwisitishi esidityanisiweyo aneeparamitha ezifanayo:

• uhlobo losasazo oluphakathi (isibini esijijekileyo, ifayibha yamehlo, njl.njl.),
• isantya,
• ulawulo lokuhamba kunye nemowudi ephindwe kabini.

Ukuba elinye lamachweba kwikhonkco elidityanisiweyo liyasilela, ikhonkco liya kuqhubeka lisebenza. Amazibuko ejelo elidityanisiweyo abonwa njengeyunithi enye, ehambelana nombono wetshaneli enengqiqo.

Kwaye ukucacisa ngokupheleleyo umfanekiso, siyaqaphela ukuba iteknoloji enjalo inakho ServerAdmin kuthiwa I-EtherChannel. I-EtherChannel – itekhnoloji yokudibanisa itshaneli eyenziwe ngu ServerAdmin. Intsingiselo iyafana, ikuvumela ukuba udibanise iziteshi ezininzi ze-Ethernet zomzimba zibe nye ezinengqiqo.

Ngoko igama trunk iguqulelwa ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• kuxwebhu lokutshintsha ServerAdmin - i-trunk port, i-tagged port, trunk port;

• kuxwebhu lokutshintsha HP - izibuko elidityanisiweyo, umjelo odityanisiweyo.

  Kwimeko apho ufuna ukuqonda isihloko ngokubanzi, ngezantsi kuluhlu oluncinci lwemithombo.

• Cisco: https://content.cisco.com/chapter.sjs?uri=/searchable/chapter/content/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3850/software/release/3se/vlan/configuration_guide/b_vlan_3se_3850_cg/b_vlan_3se_3850_cg_chapter_0110.html.xml&searchurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.cisco.com%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3Dtrunk%26locale%3DenUS%26bizcontext%3D%26cat%3D%26mode%3Dtext%26clktyp%3Denter%26autosuggest%3Dfalse&dtid=osscdc000283 (okanye kanje: https://bitly.su/OC4VB7)

• I-HP: http://h22208.www2.hpe.com/eginfolib/networking/docs/switches/WB/15-18/5998-8162_wb_2920_mcg/content/ch04.html

• I-VLAN: http://xgu.ru/wiki/VLAN#.D0.A2.D0.B5.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0_VLAN

• Udibaniso lwesitishi: http://xgu.ru/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2#.D0.90.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B2_.D0.B2_ProCurve

umthombo: www.habr.com