Ngolunye usuku i-Intanethi "yajika" iminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Ngeli xesha, ulwazi kunye neemfuno zedijithali zeshishini ziye zakhula kangangokuba namhlanje asisathethi malunga negumbi le-server yenkampani okanye nokuba nesidingo sokubekwa kwiziko ledatha, kodwa malunga nokurenta inethiwekhi yonke yokucubungula idatha. amaziko aneseti ekhaphayo yeenkonzo. Ngapha koko, asithethi kuphela ngeeprojekthi zehlabathi ezinedatha enkulu (izigebenga zinamaziko azo edatha), kodwa nakwiinkampani ezinobungakanani obuphakathi ezinohlaziyo rhoqo lwezikhundla zedatabase (umzekelo, iivenkile ze-intanethi) kunye neenkonzo ezinedatha yesantya esiphezulu. utshintsho (umzekelo, iibhanki).
Kutheni ishishini lifuna inkqubo yamaziko edatha asasaziweyo?
Inkqubo enjalo iqulethe ii-IT complexes, ezisasazwa ngokwejografi ngokomgaqo: iziko ledatha eliphambili kunye namaziko edatha yengingqi. Baqale baxhotyiswa ngokuthathela ingqalelo ukuhamba kolwazi olunokwenzeka kunye neenkqubo zoshishino zeenkampani eziphuhlayo zanamhlanje kwaye ziqinisekisa ukungaphazanyiswa koku kuhamba kunye neenkqubo.
▍ Kutheni isasazwa nje?
Okokuqala, ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuqhekeza onke amaqanda abekwe kwibhaskithi enye. Kule mihla, kukho imfuno yezisombululo zokunyamezela iimpazamo ezinokuqinisekisa ngokuqhubekayo ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwezicelo zenkampani, iinkonzo kunye newebhusayithi kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Nasekupheleni kwehlabathi. Iziseko zekhompuyutha ezinjalo akufuneki zigcine idatha ngokufanelekileyo kuphela, kodwa zinciphise ixesha lokuphumla lenkampani (funda: ishishini) iinkonzo ze-IT, zombini ngexesha lesibetho sokuvalelwa yiRoskomnadzor, kwaye ngexesha leentlekele zendalo, kwaye ngexesha lentlekele eyenziwe ngumntu, kwaye naziphi na ezinye iimeko zamandla amakhulu . Ayisiyonto yokuba ezi zisombululo zibizwa ngokuba kukubuyisela intlekele.
Ukwenza oku, iziza zekhomputha ezisebenzela inkampani kufuneka zisuswe komnye nomnye kumgama okhuselekileyo ngokweskimu esithile (jonga itafile kunye nomfanekiso ongezantsi). Ukuba kuyimfuneko, isicwangciso sokubuyisela intlekele (i-DR-Plan) sisetyenziswa kunye nokudluliselwa ngokuzenzekelayo kweenkonzo zabathengi kwenye indawo yenethiwekhi usebenzisa iindlela zokunyamezela iimpazamo kunye nezisombululo zesofthiwe ezifanelekileyo kwimeko nganye ethile (ukuphindaphinda idatha, i-backup, njl.).
Okwesibini, ukuphucula imveliso. Kwimodi eqhelekileyo (kungekhona i-force majeure, kodwa ngemithwalo ephezulu), amaziko edatha asasazwayo alungiselelwe ukunyusa imveliso yenkampani kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yolwazi (umzekelo, ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kweDDoS). Apha, i-complex yokulinganisa imithwalo phakathi kwee-computing nodes ivuliwe: umthwalo uphinde usasazwe ngokulinganayo, kwaye ukuba enye ye-nodes ihluleka, imisebenzi yayo iya kuthathwa ngamanye ama-nodes e-complex.
Okwesithathu, ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kwamasebe akude. Kwiinkampani ezinezahlulo ezininzi, izisombululo zogcino olukwindawo esembindini kunye nokusetyenzwa kolwazi ngophindaphindo olusasazwa ngokwejografi zisetyenziswa. Isebe ngalinye linokusebenza ngesixa salo sedatha, eya kudityaniswa ibe yidathabheyisi enye ye-ofisi ephakathi. Ngokulandelayo, utshintsho kuluhlu lwedatha olusembindini lubonakaliswa koovimba beenkcukacha besebe.
▍ Ukwakhiwa kwamaziko edatha asasaziweyo
Amaziko edatha asasazwe ngokwejografi ahlulwe abe ziindidi ezine. Kumsebenzisi wangaphandle, zibukeka njengenkqubo enye: ulawulo lwenzeka ngeenkonzo enye kunye nojongano lwenkxaso.
Amaziko edatha asasazwe ngokwejografi
▍ Iinjongo apho amashishini afunela amaziko edatha asasaziweyo:
Ukuqhubekeka kokulungiswa kwedatha. Ukuqhubela phambili kuyafuneka ukusombulula iingxaki zobugcisa ezinokuvela ngaphandle kokumisa iinkqubo zoshishino, nokuba ezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo iyasilela. Ngendlela, ukukwazi kwenkqubo ukwenza imisebenzi yayo ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo isalathisi sexesha eliqhelekileyo lokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nexesha elimiselweyo lokubuyisela ukusebenza () inqanaba lokuthembeka kweziko ledatha lichongiwe. Kukho amanqanaba amane ewonke: TIER1, TIER2, TIER3, TIER4; isalathisi esiphezulu, sithembeke ngakumbi izixhobo zeziko kunye nomgangatho ophezulu weziseko zayo zonke.
Ukunyuka kwemveliso kunye namandla. Ukuba kuyimfuneko (imithwalo ephezulu), ukukwazi ukwandisa umthamo kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamaziko edatha ye-backup ngenxa yoqoqosho lwesikali: ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwezixhobo zekhompyutha zenkqubo yonke esasazwayo. I-Scalability ibonelela ngokuguquguqukayo, kwi-imfuno yekhompuyutha amandla ngokusebenzisa ulungelelwaniso oluguqukayo.
Ukuxhathisa kwintlekele. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokugcina amandla ekhompyutha kwindawo ekude. Ukusebenza kwenkqubo kufezekiswa ngokumisela indawo yokubuyisela i-RPO kunye nexesha lokubuyisela i-RTO (izinga lokhuseleko kunye nesantya sokubuyisela sixhomekeke kwintlawulo).
Iinkonzo ezisasaziweyo. Izibonelelo ze-IT zenkampani kunye neenkonzo zohlulwe kwiziseko ezisisiseko kwaye zihanjiswa kwindawo enabantu abaninzi abaqeshiweyo ngokwemfuno nangomlinganiselo.
Ukuhanjiswa kweenkonzo ngokwejografi. Ukwandisa abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo kwi-brand kwaye ungene kwinkampani kwiimarike ezintsha zejografi.
Ukulungiswa kweendleko. Ukudala nokugcina iziko lakho ledatha kakhulu iprojekthi. Kwiinkampani ezininzi, ngakumbi ezinkulu ezisasazwe ngokwejografi kunye nezo zicwangcisa iindawo ezintsha zobukho kwimarike, ukukhutshwa kwezibonelelo ze-IT kuya kunceda ukonga kakhulu.
Kutheni kuluncedo ukuba ishishini libe neziko ledatha elikufutshane?
Kwiinkonzo ezininzi zanamhlanje kunye nezicelo zoshishino, isantya sokufikelela kwindawo sibalulekile. Esi santya sixhomekeke, okokuqala, kumgama phakathi kweesayithi zenkqubo yeziko ledatha esasazwayo. Ukuba incinci, ngoko unxibelelwano lwenziwa lula kwaye imveliso iyanda ngenxa yokuba ukulibaziseka komqondiso (latency) kuncitshisiwe. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa ugcina indawo. Kwintambo yefiber optic, ukulibaziseka kosasazo lokukhanya malunga ne-5 ms/km. Ukubambezeleka kuchaphazela ixesha lokwenziwa komsebenzi we-I/O, omalunga ne-5-10 ms.
Ekubeni iinkonzo kufuneka zisebenze rhoqo, ngelixa kufuneka zibe neqondo eliphezulu lokufumaneka kunye nexesha elincinci lokunciphisa, kunenzuzo kwishishini ukuqesha izakhiwo ze-IT ngokusondeleyo kubasebenzisi beemarike ekujoliswe kuzo.
Isantya sokufikelela kwisiza sikwaxhomekeke kwisixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiziko lethu elitsha ledatha kwi-IT Park yaseKazan, unokufumana i-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-100 Mbit / s kwi-server yakho ebonakalayo kunye nokufikelela okukhululekile.
Kwishishini elinokufikelela okukhulu kwamanye amazwe, kulungile ukusebenzisa iisayithi zangaphandle ukubamba idatha ukuze kugcinwe iindleko zendlela kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphendula lamaphepha ewebhusayithi kubasebenzisi bangaphandle. Ixesha elide lokuphendula sisizathu kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, isizathu sokuba kutheni abaphulaphuli bakho ojolise kubo bebaleka iisayithi zakho (izinga eliphezulu le-bounce elikhokelela ekulahlekeni kwezikhokelo).
Ziziphi iingenelo zamaziko edatha yogcino?
Ukuqwalasela imeko ehlala ingazinzanga eRashiya kwinkalo yokhuseleko lolwazi (umzekelo, ukuvalelwa okukhulu kwamva nje kweedilesi ze-IP nguRoskomnadzor, eziye zachaphazela iindawo ezingahambelani neTelegram), kulungele ukufumana inxalenye yesiseko se-IT yeshishini. ngaphandle kwenkqubo yomthetho yaseRashiya. Masithi ngokuqesha iiseva kwiziko ledatha laseSwitzerland, uphantsi kwemithetho yokhuseleko lwedatha yaseSwitzerland, engqongqo kakhulu. Oko kukuthi: akukho arhente zikarhulumente zaseSwitzerland ngokwayo (ngaphandle korhulumente kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo), okanye iiarhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho zamanye amazwe zikwazi ukufikelela kulo naluphi na ulwazi kwiiseva "zeSwiss". Ngaphandle kolwazi lomxhasi, idatha ayinakucelwa kumaziko edatha kunye nababoneleli.
Ukusasazwa kweziko ledatha eligcinayo (okanye ukusingathwa) kwindawo ekude () indawo ilungelelaniswe ngobuchule ukuba kukho imfuneko yokufuduka okungenabuhlungu kweenkonzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zoshishino ekusebenzeni kwazo okungaphazanyiswa.
Kancinci ngakumbi malunga neziko ledatha yaseKazan
Ekubeni sele sithetha ngeziko ledatha e-Kazan, masizivumele ibhloko encinci yentengiso. "I-IT Park", ehlala iziko ledatha, yeyona paki yeteknoloji enkulu kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu baseTatarstan. Eli liziko ledatha elikwinqanaba le-3 MW TIER2,5 elinommandla wesquare kilometer enomthamo wokuthwala ngaphezu kwama-300 amarakhi.
Ukhuseleko kwinqanaba lomzimba luqinisekiswa ngeesekethe ezimbini zokhuseleko oluxhobileyo, iikhamera zevidiyo ezijikeleze umjikelezo, inkqubo yokufikelela kwipaspoti ekungeneni, inkqubo ye-ACS yebhayometriki (iminwe) kwigumbi lekhompyuter kunye nekhowudi yokunxiba yeendwendwe (iingubo, ezikhethekileyo. izihlangu zezihlangu ngomatshini wokuzibeka).
Onke amagumbi obugcisa kunye namagumbi omncedisi axhotyiswe ngegesi ezenzekelayo yokucima umlilo kunye neenzwa zomsi, ezivumela ukuphelisa umthombo wokutshisa ngaphandle kokonakalisa izixhobo eziphezulu. Ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukupholisa, kunye neenkqubo zokungenisa umoya ziphunyezwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye izinto eziphambili zezi nkqubo zibekwe kumagumbi ahlukeneyo.
Sithumele indawo yethu ye-hermetic kwiziko ledatha ye-IT Park. Iziko ledatha line-SLA ye-99.982%, oku kuthetha ukuba ihambelana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno eziphezulu zamazwe ngamazwe zokuzinza kokusebenza kwamaziko edatha. Inamaphepha-mvume avela kwi-FSTEC kunye ne-FSB, isatifikethi se-PCI-DSS, esikuvumela ukuba ubeke izixhobo ezivela kwimibutho esebenza neenkcukacha zomntu (iibhanki kunye nabanye). Kwaye, njengesiqhelo, amaxabiso eeseva ezinenyani ukusuka kumnikezeli wokubamba i-RUVDS kweli ziko ledatha awahlukanga kumaxabiso e. kwamanye amaziko ethu edatha eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, eLondon, eZurich.
umthombo: www.habr.com