Ndiwongekile ukuba lapha, kodwa ndicela ungandigezeli. Iikhompyuter sele zindicaphukela, ngoko ke kufuneka ndenze ubuhlobo nabantu abaninzi kweli gumbi. Ndingathanda ukuzisa into encinci evela kwibhayiloji yam enomdla kubaphulaphuli baseMelika. Ndazalelwa ndaza ndakhulela emazantsi elizwe, kanye kufuphi neGeorgia. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokwenene. Yima okwesibini, ndikuxelele iikhompyuter ziyandicaphukela!
Esinye isilayidi salahleka, kodwa ngokwenene lo ngowona mzantsi we-USSR, apho ndazalelwa khona kwiriphabliki eyayikufuphi neRiphabhlikhi yaseGeorgia (inqaku lomguquleli: igama lelizwe laseGeorgia kunye neRiphabhlikhi yaseGeorgia. isandi esifanayo ngesiNgesi).
Ndithetha ngelizwe lam, into ehlekisayo kukuba incwadi yam yokugqibela, Ukucinga nzulu, yabhalwa malunga nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, malunga namava am okulwa neekhompyuter, kunye nencwadi eyabhalwa kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi koko yayibizwa ngokuba yi-Winter is Coming. YayingengoMdlalo weZihlalo zobukhosi, yayimalunga noVladimir Putin kunye nokulwela ilizwe lasimahla, kodwa xa ndenza ukhenketho lweencwadi, wonke umntu wayefuna ukundibuza malunga nechess kunye nekhompyuter ye-IBM Deep Blue. Ngoku, xa ndibonisa incwadi ethi "Deep Thinking", wonke umntu ufuna ukundibuza malunga noPutin. Kodwa ndizama ukuhlala phezu kwesihloko, kwaye ndiqinisekile ukuba kuya kubakho imibuzo embalwa emva kwale ntetho endiya kukuvuyela ukuyiphendula. Andingomntu wezopolitiko, ngoko andoyiki ukuphendula imibuzo.
Kungabonakala kungaqhelekanga ukuba umdlalo wechess, owaqala kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, uThixo uyazi ukuba nini, isifaniso esigqibeleleyo sobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kuba xa sithetha nge-AI, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba unobumba ndimele ubukrelekrele, kwaye kukho. Akukho nto ebonisa ukuba ingcono kunechess.
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba umdlalo wechess awuyonto nje yokuzonwabisa abantu abazonwabisa kuyo kwiivenkile zokutyela. Ukuba ukhangele indalo yaseHollywood, wonke umntu udlala i-chess - abafokazi, i-X-men, i-Wizard, i-vampires. Ifilimu yam endiyithandayo, "iCasablanca" kunye noHumphrey Bogart, nayo malunga ne-chess, kwaye xa ndibukele le movie, ndihlala ndifuna ukuma kwindawo yokujonga ngaphakathi kwesikrini kwaye ndibone ibhodi yeBogart. Udlala ukhuselo lwesiFrentshi, olwaludume kakhulu kwi-40s yokuqala. Ndicinga ukuba uBogart wayengumdlali wechess onesidima.
Ndingathanda ukukhankanya ukuba u-Alfred Binet, omnye wabaqulunqi be-IQ ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, wayencoma ubukrelekrele babadlali bechess kwaye wafunda iminyaka emininzi. Ke ngoko, akumangalisi ukuba umdlalo wechess utsale abo bafuna ukwenza oomatshini abakrelekrele. Nangona kunjalo, kuyenzeka ukuba oomatshini abakrelekrele njenge "Turk" kaVon Kempelen bayinto nje enkulu. Kodwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, lo matshini we-chess wawungummangaliso omkhulu, wajikeleza iYurophu kunye neMelika waza walwa nabadlali abanamandla nababuthathaka njengoFranklin noNapoleon, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo yayiyinkohliso. "I-Turk" yayingengomatshini wokwenyani, yayiyinkqubo yokuqala yomatshini yeepaneli zokutyibilika kunye nezibuko, apho umdlali owomeleleyo wayezifihle khona - indoda.
Into enomdla kukuba ikhulu okanye amabini eminyaka kamva, kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, imeko echaseneyo iye yabonwa - sibona kwii-tournaments ukuba abadlali abangabantu bazama ukufihla izixhobo zekhompyutha kwiipokethi zabo. Ke ngoku kufuneka sijonge ikhompyuter efihlwe emzimbeni womntu.
Noko ke, amabali aphathelele oomatshini abaziwa. Isixhobo sokuqala soomatshini sokudlala ichess savela ngo-1912, sadlala sisebenzisa indawo enye yomatshini, sinokujika i-checkmate ibe yi-rook, kodwa ayinakubizwa ngokuba yiprototype yekhompyuter yokuqala.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, oovulindlela boyilo lwekhompyuter abanjengoAlan Turing noClaude Shannon babenomdla omkhulu kwichess. Babekholelwa ukuba ukudlala ichess kunokutyhila iimfihlo zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Kwaye ukuba ngenye imini ikhomputha ibetha umdlali oqhelekileyo we-chess okanye i-world chess intshatsheli, oku kuya kuba yimbonakaliso ye-AI.
Ukuba uyakhumbula, u-Alan Turing wenza inkqubo yokuqala yekhompyutheni yokudlala i-chess ngo-1952, kwaye oku kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu, kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi kukuba kwakungekho khompyutha ngoko. Yayiyi-algorithm nje awayeyisebenzisa ukudlala ichess, kwaye yayisebenza njengeprosesa yekhompyuter yomntu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ootata basekomputha bamisela indlela eyayiza kuphuhliswa ngayo i-AI, ngokulandela iinkqubo zokucinga komntu. Indlela eyahlukileyo yile esiyibiza ngokuba luhlaselo lwe-brute-force, okanye ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza kweentshukumo ezinokwenzeka.
Andizange ndive nto malunga nokukhuphisana neekhompyutha ngo-1985, kodwa kule foto ungabona iibhodi ezingama-32, kwaye nangona ndandidlala ngokuchasene nabantu, eneneni yayingumdlalo wokwenyani ngokuchasene neekhompyuter. Ngelo xesha kwakukho abavelisi be-4 abahamba phambili beekhompyutheni ze-chess, eziye zazisa nje kwihlabathi. Mhlawumbi abanye benu basenazo iikhompyuter ezinjalo; ngoku zizinto ezinqabileyo zokwenyani. Umenzi ngamnye wayeneemodyuli zekhompyutha ezi-8, ngoko ke ngokwenene ndadlala nabachasi be-32 kwaye ndiphumelele yonke imidlalo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba oku kwakungeyona nto imangalisayo, kodwa isiphumo sendalo, kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha ndijonga le foto yoloyiso lwam, ndikhumbula ngeli xesha njengegolide yoomatshini be-chess, xa babebuthathaka kunye neenwele zam - zinzima. .
Ngoko kwakungoJuni 1985, yaye kwiminyaka eli-12 kamva ndandidlale nekhompyutha enye kuphela. Kwabakho impinda ngo-1997 kuba ndaphumelela umdlalo wokuqala, owawungo-1996 ePhiladelphia. Ndiphulukene nalo mdlalo, kodwa ukuba sinyanisekile, uguquko kwi-computer chess akwenzekanga ngo-1997, kodwa ngo-1996, xa ndiphumelele umdlalo, kodwa ndaphulukana nomdlalo wokuqala. Emva koko ndaphumelela imidlalo emi-3, kwaye amanqaku aba sisi-4:2 kum.
Ngapha koko, inyani ebalulekileyo apha yeyokuba ikhompyuter ngelo xesha yayikwazi ukuba yintshatsheli yechess yehlabathi ukuba idlale kumnyhadala wechess oqhelekileyo. Khange ndilindele kwi-IBM ukuba baya kuba nakho ukwenza umsebenzi onzima wobugcisa ukuqinisa ikhompyuter yabo ngonyaka. Kodwa eyona mpazamo yam inkulu, ngaphandle kokunyuka okubukhali kwexabiso lezabelo ze-IBM, eziye zatsiba ukusuka kumanqaku ambalwa ukuya kwiibhiliyoni zeedola kwiiveki ezimbini emva komdlalo, kukungakwazi ukufunda ukuprintwa kakuhle. Kuba enye yeengxaki endazifumana ngo-2 kwikhompyuter yeDeep Blue yayikukuba yayiyibhokisi emnyama kum. Ndandingazi nto malunga nomntu ochasayo, indlela acinga ngayo, ngawaphi amaqhinga awasebenzisayo. Ngesiqhelo, xa ulungiselela umdlalo, ufunda umdlali wakho, nokuba ngumdlalo wechess okanye umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo, kwaye ngokujonga indlela yokudlala, ufunda isicwangciso sakhe. Kodwa kwakungekho lwazi malunga ne-Deep Blue's "isitayela sokudlala".
Ndizamile ukuba krelekrele ndatsho ukuba kumdlalo olandelayo kufuneka ndifikelele kwimidlalo edlalwa nguDeep Blue. Baphendula bathi: "Ewe!", Kodwa bongezwa ngombhalo omncinci:
"... kuphela ngexesha lokhuphiswano olusemthethweni."
Kwaye oku nangona i-Deep Blue ayizange idlale umdlalo omnye ngaphandle kweendonga zaselebhu. Ngoko ke ngo-1997 ndadlala nebhokisi emnyama, kwaye yonke into yajika yahlukile kwinto eyenzekayo ngo-1996 - ndawuphumelela umdlalo wokuqala, kodwa ndaphulukana nomdlalo.
Phofu beniphi aba hacker 20 years ago xa bendibadinga kangaka? Liyinyaniso elokuba, xa ndijonga kwimiqolo yabo bakhoyo, ndiyaqonda ukuba uninzi lwenu mhlawumbi lwalungekazalwa.
Eyona mpazamo yam inkulu yayikukuphatha umdlalo we-Deep Blue njengovavanyo olukhulu lwezenzululwazi nezentlalo. Ndacinga ukuba uya kuba mkhulu kuba ngokwenene uya kufumana loo ndawo apho intuition yomntu inokuthelekiswa "nobuqhetseba bamandla" wokubala kwekhompyutha. Nangona kunjalo, i-Deep Blue, kunye nesantya esimangalisayo sokubala malunga nezigidi ezi-2 kwizikhundla ze-chess ngomzuzwana, ezazingekho mbi kwaphela ngo-1997, yayingeyongqondo yokwenziwa. Ukusebenza kwakhe akuzange kube nagalelo ekuvuleni imfihlelo yobukrelekrele bomntu.
Ibingekho krelekrele njengewotshi yealam eqhelekileyo, kodwa andiziva ngcono ngokuphulukana newotshi ye-alam yezigidi ezili-10 zeedola.
Ndikhumbula inkomfa yabezindaba ngexesha lomsitho wokuvula umdlalo xa indoda ekhokela iprojekthi ye-IBM yathi oku kuya kuphawula ukuphela kovavanyo lwesayensi kunye noloyiso lwesayensi. Ekubeni siye saphumelela enye kunye nelahleko enye, ndandifuna ukudlala umdlalo wesithathu ukuze ndifumanise ukuba ngubani onamandla, kodwa bayichitha ikhompyutha, ngokucacileyo ukuze basuse ubungqina obungakhethi buso kuphela. Ndazama ukufumanisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwi-Deep Blue, kodwa andizange ndifumanise. Kamva ndafumanisa ukuba wayeqalise umsebenzi omtsha yaye ngoku wayesenza i-sushi kwenye yezikhululo zesikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseKennedy.
Ndiyayithanda isushi, kodwa andifuni khompyutha apho. Ke, kulapho ibali lam ngekhompyuter chess laphela ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa abo kuni nabo badlala ichess okanye eminye imidlalo bayazi ukuba sisengozini kangakanani xa sithelekiswa neekhompyuter kuba asizinzanga kangako, asikhethi buso kwaye siyazenza iimpazamo. Nabona badlali benqanaba eliphezulu bayazenza iimpazamo, umzekelo ngexesha lomdlalo wentshatsheli apho kukho iintshukumo ezingama-50 okanye ezingama-45, impazamo enye encinci ayinakuphepheka. Ukuba kukho abantu bokwenyani abadlalayo, akunamsebenzi kangako, kodwa ukuba wenza impazamo xa udlala ngomatshini, ungaze ulahlekelwe, kodwa awuyi kuphumelela nokuba, kuba umatshini uya kuba nako ukuphepha ukoyiswa.
Ngexesha elithile ndaqonda ukuba kwakuyinto nje yexesha, kuba asikwazi ukufezekisa inqanaba elifanayo lokulinda kunye nokuchaneka okufunekayo ukunqoba ikhompyutha, kuba umatshini uzinzile ngokungaqhelekanga kwizenzo zawo. Kwiminyaka kamva, sabona oomatshini bephumelela imidlalo ngalo lonke ixesha. Ndiyaphinda kwakhona - konke oku kusebenza kuphela kumdlalo wechess, osengozini kakhulu kwindlela yokudlala ye-brute-force, xa ikhompyuter isantya esikhulu ihamba ngeendlela ezininzi zokushukuma kwaye ikhetha eyona ilungileyo. Asibobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, ngoko ke abantu benza impazamo xa besithi umdlali wechess woyisiwe ngobukrelekrele bokwenziwa.
Kamva ndadlala eminye imidlalo emininzi nekhompyutha. Ndakhe ndayihlalutya le midlalo ndisebenzisa iinjini zanamhlanje zechess kwaye yayingamava abuhlungu kakhulu. Yayiluhambo olubuyela emva kwaye ndanyanzeleka ukuba ndivume indlela endingaqhubi kakuhle ngayo kuloo midlalo kuba ndandifanele ndibeke ityala. Nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha ikhompyuter "idemon" yayingenamandla kangako, unokungakholelwa, kodwa isicelo se-chess sasimahla kwisixhobo sakho esiphathwayo sinamandla namhlanje kuneBlue Blue. Ewe kunjalo, ukuba une-injini yechess efana ne-asmFish okanye iComodo kunye nelaptop yamva nje, le nkqubo iya kuba namandla ngakumbi.
Xa ndidlala ngokuchasene neBlue Blue, ndicinga ukuba ngumdlalo wesi-5, ikhompyuter yenza uhlolo olungapheliyo kumdlalo wokugqibela, kwaye wonke umntu waqala ukuthetha ukuba olu luloyiso olukhulu kwaye ikhompyuter ibonise umgangatho womdlalo omangalisayo. Kodwa namhlanje, ngekhompyuter yanamhlanje, ibonakala ihlekisa. Umdlalo wethu wonke unokudlalwa kwimizuzwana engama-30, ubuninzi bomzuzu kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwelaptop yakho. Ekuqaleni ndenze impazamo, emva koko ndazama ukugcina umdlalo, i-Deep Blue yenza i-counter moves ezininzi kwaye iphumelele. Le yimithetho yomdlalo, kwaye akukho nto iphosakeleyo kuloo nto.
Ngo-2003 ndidlale imidlalo emi-2 ngaphezulu ngokuchasene nekhompyuter yeX3D Frintz, yomibini yaphela ngokulingana. Abaququzeleli bandenze ndanxiba iindondo ze-3-D kuba ikhompyutha inojongano olune-3-dimensional.
Kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ibali laliphelile kwaye ndandicinga ngekamva. Jonga lo mfanekiso, owathathwa ekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane.
Ukuba ubajongile aba bantwana uyabona ukuba badlala ngeekhompyutha ezinqabileyo. Namhlanje abantwana bam abayiqondi nokuba yintoni na. Ezinye izitshixo ezintsonkothileyo ziboniswa apha, kodwa ngoku zityibilika nje iminwe yazo kwiscreen sokuchukumisa.
Okubalulekileyo kukuba oomatshini abakrelekrele benza imisebenzi yethu ibe lula. Inokuba ndiyaphazama ngokuyithetha le nto kuba uyazi ngcono kunomnye umntu. Ngaloo ndlela, ngoncedo lwe-Peppa Pig kunye nemingeni yobugcisa, umendo uyacinywa kubuchule bokwenyani.
Ndacinga malunga nendlela onokudibanisa ngayo amandla ekhompyutheni kunye nomntu? Singathatha i-chess njengomzekelo, kuba kwi-chess kukho isisombululo. Uyazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi iindawo ikhompyutha eyomeleleyo kwaye ingaphantsi komntu. Kwaye kwafika ingcamango engqondweni yam, endayibiza ngokuba "i-chess ephucukileyo."
Ukulandela isaci sesiRashiya: "ukuba awukwazi ukuphumelela, joyina!", Ndabiza i-chess ephuculweyo ngumdlalo apho umntu omnye onekhompyutheni elwa nomnye umntu ngekhompyutha.
Ngo-1998, ndadlala nelungu le-chess elite laseBulgaria, kwaye into enomdla kukuba sobabini asikwazanga ukudlala kakuhle kuba asikwazanga ukwandisa umphumo wokusebenza kunye nekhompyutheni. Ndazibuza ukuba kutheni abadlali ababini abakhulu bengenakuxhamla kwintsebenziswano ye-AI. Impendulo yafika kamva ngokuziswa kwento ebizwa ngokuba yi-freestyle enenani eliqingqiweyo leengcebiso ezivela kwikhompyuter. Ungadlala ngokuqhagamshela kwi-supercomputer usebenzisa i-Intanethi, okanye ungasebenzisa eyakho ikhompyuter okanye iikhompyuter ezininzi. Ndifuna ukuqaphela ukuba iperi yekhompyuter yomntu iya kuhlala isodlula nayiphi na ikhompyuter enkulu. Isizathu silula kakhulu - ikhompyuter ihlawulela ukungabikho kwethu kwengqondo, kwaye sikwimeko entle ngokutshintshela kwikhompyuter kuba iphelisa ubuthathaka benye ikhompyuter ithatha ithuba lobuthathaka bethu bobuntu.
Kodwa akukho nto ichukumisayo kule nto. Uvakalelo yayikukuba abaphumeleleyo kolu khuphiswano yayingengabo abadlali abakumgangatho ophezulu, kodwa babebuthathaka xa kuthelekiswa nabadlali bechess abaneekhompyutha eziqhelekileyo, kodwa abakwazileyo ukwenza inkqubo yonxibelelwano ephuculweyo. Oku kunzima ukukucacisa kuba kuvakala ngathi kuyamangalisa: umdlali obuthathaka kunye nekhompyuter eqhelekileyo kunye nenkqubo ephuculweyo igqithisa umdlali owomeleleyo onekhompyuter enamandla kodwa inkqubo yonxibelelwano engenamandla. I-interface yinto yonke!
Into enomdla kukuba awudingi umdlali onamandla nonke, awudingi uGarry Kasparov, ukuze ube kwicala lomatshini ukuze ufumane ukuhamba kakuhle, kwaye kukho impendulo elula kule nto. Ukuba namhlanje siqwalasela amandla ahambelanayo abantu kunye neekhompyutheni, sinokuhamba ngaphaya kwe-chess, kodwa masiqale ngabo, kuba i-chess inamanani. Ke, umlinganiselo wam wexesha lonke wechess wawungama-2851 de ndaphulukana noMagnus Carlsen, kwaye ekupheleni komsebenzi wam wechess yayingama-2812. Namhlanje uMagnus Carlsen ukhokele kwirenki ngamanqaku angaphezu kwama-2800. Malunga nabadlali abangama-50 banamanqaku phakathi kwama-2700 nama-2800 amanqaku. Le yi-elite yehlabathi yechess. Le mihla, amandla ekhompyuter angaphakathi kwamanqaku angama-3200, kwaye ngesoftware ekhethekileyo, ukukala kwayo kunokufikelela amanqaku angama-3300-3400.
Ngoku uyasiqonda isizathu sokuba ungamfuni umdlali owomeleleyo? Kuba umdlali wenqanaba lam uya kuzama ukutyhala ikhompyuter ukuba isebenze kwicala elinye okanye kwelinye, endaweni yokuba ngumqhubi olula nayo. Ke ngoko, umdlali wechess obuthathaka ongenalo “ikratshi” kunye nokuzingca okunje ngentshatsheli yechess yehlabathi uya kusebenzisana nekhompyuter ngempumelelo kwaye enze indibaniselwano “yekhompyuter yomntu” enemveliso.
Ndicinga ukuba oku kukufumanisa kubaluleke kakhulu kungekhona kuphela kwi-chess, kodwa kwakhona, umzekelo, kwiyeza. Njengoko kwaziwa, iikhomputha kwiimeko ezininzi ziyakwazi ukwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi kunoogqirha abagqwesileyo. Ke yintoni ongathanda ukuyenza ngakumbi: ugqirha olungileyo omelwe yikhompyuter okanye umongikazi olungileyo oya kulandela imiyalelo kwaye abhale incwadana yemigaqo esekwe kwiingcebiso zomatshini?
Andiwazi amanani achanekileyo, masithi i-60-65% yabantu baya kukhetha ugqirha kwaye i-85% iya kwikhompyutheni, kodwa ngokwengqondo, ukuba ungugqirha olungileyo, awuyi kukwazi ukuyamkela le nto. Ukuba ujonga inkqubela yezobuchwepheshe yanamhlanje, sinokuthi iikhomputha zenza uxilongo lokwenene kwi-80 - 85 - 90% yamatyala, kodwa i-10% isasele kubantu! Kwaye oku kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu, kuba xa imbumbulu ijikwa nje nge-1 degree xa ikhutshiwe, inokubhabha kumakhulu aliqela eemitha kude nethagethi. Umbuzo uphathelene nokuba singakwazi kusini na ukusebenzisa amandla apheleleyo ekhompyutha.
Ngoko ke, ndisakholelwa ukuba lonke uloyiko lokuba kungekudala oomatshini baza kuthabatha indawo yethu sonke, yaye esi iya kuba sisiphelo sehlabathi, iArmagedon, ngamarhe nje. Kuba, njengoko benditshilo, oku kumalunga nobuchule bomntu, kwaye eyona nto ikhethekileyo malunga nobukrelekrele bekhompyuter yeyokuba iphucula ubuchule bethu bokuyila, iyikhuphe kwaye isixelela indlela yokuyisebenzisa ngeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukufumana impendulo yombuzo, kuyafaneleka ukuba uhambe kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi kwaye uhlolisise kwihlabathi lobugcisa. Ndakhe ndafumana indida enkulu eyachazwa ligcisa elikhulu uPablo Picasso: “Iikhompyuter azinamsebenzi. Ekuphela kwento abanokuyenza kukunika iimpendulo.” Ndicinga ukuba kukho ubulumko obukhulu kule nto kwaye la magama avakala ekhuthaza kuba oomatshini bayabonelela ngeempendulo, kwaye ezi mpendulo zibanzi!
Nangona kunjalo, uPicasso akazange aneliseke ngeempendulo ezibanzi kuba wayengumculi. Oku kungenxa yokucinga ngokutsha rhoqo kobugcisa, yile nto kanye siyenza rhoqo - sibuze imibuzo. Ngaba iikhompyuter ziyakubuza imibuzo?
Ndakhe ndandwendwela i-hedge fund Bridgewater Associates ukuze ndithethe noDave Ferrucci, omnye wabaphuhlisi be-IBM's Watson supercomputer. Sasithetha ngokuba oomatshini banokubuza imibuzo, waza uDave wathi, “Ewe, iikhompyutha zinokubuza imibuzo, kodwa azazi ukuba yeyiphi eyona mibuzo ibalulekileyo.” Nantso ingongoma. Ngoko ke sisesemdlalweni kwaye sinethuba lokuqhubekeka ngoba umdlalo phakathi komntu nekhompyuter awukapheli.
Kwesi silayidi ubona iifoto ezininzi zeendawo ezinokusetyenziswa kwiikhompyuter ezizimeleyo, oomatshini abanokuzicwangcisa ngokwazo, oko kukuthi, banamandla okufunda.
Enye yeefoto ibonisa uDemis Hassabis ngenethiwekhi yakhe ye-neural yokufunda iAlphaGo. Enyanisweni, lo ngumatshini wokuqala onokubizwa ngokuba yi-prototype yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa.
Njengoko besenditshilo, i-Deep Blue yi-brute-force overkill, i-Watson mhlawumbi likhonkco lenguqu, kodwa okwangoku i-AI. IAlphaGo yinkqubo yokufunda enzulu eziphucula ngokufumana iipateni ezifanelekileyo ngokudlala izigidi kunye nezigidi zemidlalo.
Ndingatsho ukuba nge-AlphaGo sijongana nebhokisi emnyama yokwenyani okokuqala. Kuba, umzekelo, ukuba sichitha ikhulu leminyaka sifunda amawaka eekhilomitha zeelog zomdlalo we-Deep Blue, ekugqibeleni siya kufika kumbono wokuqala wokuba kutheni kwenziwa isigqibo esithile kwaye kwenziwa intshukumo ethile. Ngokuphathelele i-AlphaGo, ndiqinisekile ukuba noDemis Hassabis ngokwakhe akayi kukwazi ukuthetha ukuba kutheni i-6 version ingcono kune-9 version, okanye ngokuphambeneyo, ekhumbula isigqibo esenziwe ngulo matshini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, oku kuyimpumelelo enkulu, kodwa kwelinye icala, kunokuba yingxaki kuba ukuba umatshini wenza impazamo, awuyi kukwazi ukwazi ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, le yintshukumo eya ekudaleni i-AI yokwenyani.
Ndakhe ndathetha kwikomkhulu leGoogle, kwaye bandinika ukhenketho lweGoogle X. Oku kwakunomdla kakhulu kuba le nkampani ihamba ngokuzithemba kwicala lokudala i-AI, ukuxazulula iingxaki zokudala imoto yokuziqhuba okanye i-drones ezizimeleyo ezinikezela ngokuzimeleyo. iimpahla. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ngxaki ingaphantsi kunenkxaso yobugcisa be-AI yingxaki yokulawula imisebenzi yayo. Abantu bathetha malunga nendlela i-AI enokuthi batshintshe ngayo ngokupheleleyo kwaye ibakhuphe emsebenzini. Nangona kunjalo, makhe sibize kwimbali yempucuko yoluntu ngoncedo - oku kwenzeke amakhulu kunye namawaka eminyaka!
24:35 imiz
Enkosi ngokuhlala nathi. Ngaba uyawathanda amanqaku ethu? Ngaba ufuna ukubona umxholo onomdla ngakumbi? Sixhase ngokufaka iodolo okanye ngokucebisa abahlobo, I-30% isaphulelo kubasebenzisi beHabr kwi-analogue ekhethekileyo yeeseva zomgangatho wokungena, eyenzelwe wena: (ifumaneka nge-RAID1 kunye ne-RAID10, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24 cores kunye ne-40GB DDR4).
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umthombo: www.habr.com