I-DevOps ibe sisihloko esithandwa kakhulu kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Abantu abaninzi baphupha ngokujoyina, kodwa, njengoko uqheliselo lubonisa, ngokufuthi ngenxa yenqanaba lemivuzo.
Abanye abantu badwelisa i-DevOps kwi-resume yabo, nangona behlala besazi okanye beqonda intsingiselo yegama. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba emva kokufunda i-Ansible, i-GitLab, i-Jenkins, i-Terraform kunye nokunye okunjalo (uluhlu lunokuqhutyelwa ngokokuthanda kwakho), uya kuba "yi-devopsist" ngokukhawuleza. Oku, ngokuqinisekileyo, akuyonyani.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ndibandakanyeke kakhulu ekuphunyezweni kwe-DevOps kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphambi koko, usebenze iminyaka engaphezu kwe-20 kwizikhundla ezivela kumlawuli wenkqubo ukuya kumlawuli we-IT. Okwangoku i-DevOps iNjineli eKhokelayo ePlaygendary.
Ngubani i-DevOps
Umbono wokubhala inqaku wavela emva komnye umbuzo: "ngubani iDevOps?" Akukabikho gama limiselweyo lokuba yintoni okanye ngubani. Ezinye iimpendulo sele zikule . Okokuqala, ndiza kubalaselisa iingongoma eziziintloko ezikuyo, ndize emva koko ndibelane ngoko ndikubonayo kwaneengcinga zam.
I-DevOps ayiyongcali enokuqeshwa, hayi isethi yezinto eziluncedo, kwaye hayi isebe labaphuhlisi abanobunjineli.
I-DevOps yifilosofi kunye nendlela yokusebenza.
Ngamanye amazwi, yiseti yezenzo ezinceda abaphuhlisi basebenzisane ngokusebenzayo nabalawuli benkqubo. Oko kukuthi, ukudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa iinkqubo zokusebenza komnye nomnye.
Ngokufika kwe-DevOps, isakhiwo kunye neendima zeengcali zahlala zifana (kukho abaphuhlisi, kukho iinjineli), kodwa imithetho yokusebenzisana itshintshile. Imida phakathi kwamasebe imfiliba.
Iinjongo zeDevOps zinokuchazwa ngamanqaku amathathu:
- Isoftware kufuneka ihlaziywe rhoqo.
- Isoftware kufuneka yenziwe ngokukhawuleza.
- Isoftware kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo nangexesha elifutshane.
Akukho sixhobo esinye se-DevOps. Ukuqwalasela, ukuhambisa kunye nokufunda iimveliso ezininzi akuthethi ukuba i-DevOps ibonakala kwinkampani. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi kwaye zonke zisetyenziswa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, kodwa zisebenza injongo enye.
Kwaye oku kuphela inxalenye yezixhobo ze-DevOps
Ndibe nodliwano-ndlebe nabantu ngesikhundla sobunjineli be-DevOps iminyaka engaphezu kwe-2 ngoku, kwaye ndiye ndaqonda ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuqonda ngokucacileyo intsingiselo yegama. Ndiqokelele amava athile, imigqaliselo kunye neengcinga endifuna ukwabelana ngazo.
Kumava odliwano-ndlebe, ndibona lo mfanekiso ulandelayo: Iingcali ezithatha i-DevOps njengesihloko somsebenzi zihlala zingaqondani nabalingane.
Kwakukho umzekelo obalaseleyo. Umfana oselula weza kudliwano-ndlebe namazwi amaninzi ahlakaniphileyo kwi-CV yakhe. Kwimisebenzi yakhe emithathu yokugqibela, wayeneenyanga ezi-5-6 zamava. Ndishiye iziqalo ezimbini kuba "azizange zihambe." Kodwa malunga nenkampani yesithathu, wathi akukho mntu uyamqonda apho: abaphuhlisi babhala ikhowudi kwiWindows, kwaye umlawuli unyanzelisa le khowudi ukuba "ihlanganiswe" kwiDocker eqhelekileyo kwaye yakhiwe kwipayipi yeCI / CD. Lo mfo wathetha izinto ezininzi ezimbi ngendawo yakhe yangoku kunye noogxa bakhe - bendifuna nje ukuphendula: "Ngoko ke awuyi kuthengisa indlovu."
Emva koko ndambuza umbuzo ophakamileyo kuluhlu lwam kumviwa ngamnye.
-Ithetha ntoni i-DevOps kuwe buqu?
- Ngokubanzi okanye ndiyibona njani?
Ndandinomdla kuluvo lwakhe. Wayeyazi ingcamango nemvelaphi yeli gama, kodwa wayengavumelani kakhulu nazo. Wayekholelwa ukuba i-DevOps yayiyisihloko somsebenzi. Kulapho ingcambu yeengxaki zakhe ilele khona. Kwakunye nezinye iingcali ezinoluvo olufanayo.
Abaqeshi, bevile kakhulu malunga "nomlingo we-DevOps", bafuna ukufumana umntu oza kuza kwaye enze lo "mlingo". Kwaye abafaki zicelo abavela kwicandelo elithi "DevOps ngumsebenzi" abaqondi ukuba ngale ndlela abayi kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nokulindela. Kwaye, ngokubanzi, babhala i-DevOps kwi-resume yabo kuba iyindlela kwaye bahlawula kakhulu ngayo.
Indlela ye-DevOps kunye nefilosofi
Indlela yokusebenza inokuba yethiyori kwaye isebenziseke. Kwimeko yethu, yeyesibini. Njengoko ndikhankanyile ngasentla, i-DevOps isethi yezenzo kunye nezicwangciso ezisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa iinjongo ezichaziweyo. Kwaye kwimeko nganye, kuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo zoshishino zenkampani, inokwahluka kakhulu. Nto leyo engenzi ukuba ibengcono okanye ibe mbi.
Indlela ye-DevOps yindlela kuphela yokufezekisa iinjongo.
Ngoku malunga nokuba yintoni ifilosofi ye-DevOps. Kwaye lo ngowona mbuzo unzima kakhulu.
Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza impendulo emfutshane kunye nemfutshane, kuba ayikamiselwa ngokusesikweni. Kwaye ekubeni abalandeli befilosofi ye-DevOps bazixakekise ngakumbi, akukho xesha lokucinga. Nangona kunjalo, le yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nemisebenzi yobunjineli. Kukho indawo ekhethekileyo yolwazi - .
Kwakungekho sifundo esinjalo kwiyunivesiti yam, kwafuneka ndifunde yonke into ndodwa ndisebenzisa izinto endandinokuzifumana kwiminyaka yoo-90. Isihloko sinokuzikhethela kwimfundo yobunjineli, ngoko ke ukungabikho kokusesikweni kwempendulo. Kodwa abo bantu babhaptizwe ngokunzulu kwi-DevOps baqala ukuziva "umoya" othile okanye "ukuqonda okungazi nto" kuzo zonke iinkqubo zenkampani.
Ndisebenzisa amava am, ndazama ukwenza ezinye βzezimvoβ zale ntanda-bulumko. Iziphumo zezi zilandelayo:
- I-DevOps ayisiyonto ezimeleyo enokwahlulelwa kwindawo eyahlukileyo yolwazi okanye umsebenzi.
- Bonke abasebenzi beenkampani kufuneka bakhokelwe yindlela ye-DevOps xa becwangcisa imisebenzi yabo.
- I-DevOps ichaphazela zonke iinkqubo ngaphakathi kwenkampani.
- I-DevOps ikhona ukunciphisa iindleko zexesha kuzo naziphi na iinkqubo ngaphakathi kwenkampani ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso lweenkonzo zayo kunye nokuthuthuzela kwabathengi.
- I-DevOps, ngolwimi lwangoku, sisikhundla esisebenzayo somsebenzi ngamnye wenkampani, ejolise ekunciphiseni iindleko zexesha kunye nokuphucula umgangatho weemveliso ze-IT ezisingqongileyo.
Ndicinga ukuba "i-postulates" zam zisihloko esahlukileyo sengxoxo. Kodwa ngoku kukho into yokwakha.
Yintoni eyenziwa yiDevOps
Igama eliphambili apha lunxibelelwano. Kukho unxibelelwano oluninzi, umqalisi walo kufuneka abe yinjineli yeDevOps. Kutheni kunjalo? Kungenxa yokuba le yifilosofi kunye nendlela yokusebenza, kwaye emva koko ulwazi lobunjineli.
Andikwazi ukuthetha nge-100% yokuzithemba malunga nemarike yabasebenzi yaseNtshona. Kodwa ndiyazi kakhulu malunga nentengiso ye-DevOps eRashiya. Ukongeza kumakhulu odliwano-ndlebe, kunyaka odlulileyo kunye nesiqingatha ndithathe inxaxheba kumakhulu obugcisa be-presales yenkonzo ye "Implementation of DevOps" kwiinkampani ezinkulu zaseRashiya kunye neebhanki.
E-Russia, i-DevOps isencinci kakhulu, kodwa isihloko esele sihamba phambili. Ngokokwazi kwam, eMoscow kuphela ukunqongophala kweengcali ezinje ngo-2019 kwakungaphezulu kwe-1000 yabantu. Kwaye igama elithi Kubernetes kubaqeshi liphantse lafana nelaphu elibomvu lenkunzi yenkomo. Abalandeli besi sixhobo bakulungele ukusisebenzisa nalapho kungekho mfuneko kunye nenzuzo yezoqoqosho. Umqeshi akasoloko eqonda ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi ukusebenzisa, kunye nokuthunyelwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcinwa kwe-cluster ye-Kubernetes kubiza amaxesha angama-2-3 ngaphezu kokuhambisa isicelo usebenzisa i-cluster scheme yesiqhelo. Yisebenzise apho uyidinga khona ngokwenene.
Ukusebenzisa i-DevOps kuyabiza ngokwemali. Kwaye ithetheleleka kuphela apho izisa iingenelo zoqoqosho kwezinye iindawo, hayi ngokwayo.
Iinjineli ze-DevOps, enyanisweni, zingoovulindlela - ngabo ekufuneka babe ngabokuqala ukuphumeza le ndlela yokusebenza kwinkampani kunye nokwakha iinkqubo. Ukuze oku kube yimpumelelo, ingcali kufuneka ihlale inxibelelana nabasebenzi kunye nabalingane kuwo onke amanqanaba. Njengoko ndihlala ndithetha, bonke abasebenzi benkampani kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuphunyezwa kwe-DevOps: ukusuka kwinkosikazi yokucoca ukuya kwi-CEO. Kwaye oku kuyimfuneko. Ukuba elona lungu lincinci leqela aliyazi kwaye liyaqonda ukuba yintoni i-DevOps kwaye kutheni izenzo ezithile zentlangano zenziwa, ngoko ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo akuyi kusebenza.
Kwakhona, injineli ye-DevOps kufuneka isebenzise uvimba wolawulo ngamaxesha athile. Umzekelo, ukoyisa "ukuchasana nokusingqongileyo" - xa iqela lingekakulungeli ukwamkela izixhobo kunye neendlela zeDevOps.
Umphuhlisi kufuneka abhale kuphela ikhowudi kunye neemvavanyo. Ukwenza oku, akadingi ilaptop enamandla kakhulu apho aya kuthi asebenzise kwaye axhase yonke indawo yeprojekthi. Ngokomzekelo, umphuhlisi we-front-end ugcina zonke izinto zesicelo kwi-laptop yakhe, kuquka i-database, i-emulator ye-S3 (i-minio), njl. Oko kukuthi, uchitha ixesha elininzi egcina esi siseko sendawo kunye nokulwa yedwa kunye nazo zonke iingxaki zesisombululo esinjalo. Endaweni yokuphuhlisa ikhowudi yangaphambili. Abantu abanjalo banokuchasa kakhulu naluphi na utshintsho.
Kodwa kukho amaqela, ngokuchaseneyo, ayavuya ukuzisa izixhobo ezintsha kunye neendlela, kwaye athathe inxaxheba ngokusebenzayo kule nkqubo. Nangona kule meko, unxibelelwano phakathi kwenjineli ye-DevOps kunye neqela aluzange lukhanselwe.
Xa i-DevOps ingafuneki
Kukho iimeko xa i-DevOps ingafuneki. Le yinyani - kufuneka iqondwe kwaye yamkelwe.
Okokuqala, oku kusebenza kuzo naziphi na iinkampani (ingakumbi amashishini amancinci), xa inzuzo yabo ingaxhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kubukho okanye ukungabikho kweemveliso ze-IT ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zolwazi kubaxhasi. Kwaye apha asithethi ngewebhusayithi yenkampani, ingaba "ikhadi leshishini" elingatshintshiyo okanye ngeebhloko zeendaba eziguqukayo, njl.
I-DevOps iyadingeka xa ukwaneliseka komxhasi wakho kunye nomnqweno wakhe wokubuyela kuwe kwakhona kuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni kwezi nkonzo zolwazi ekusebenzisaneni nomxhasi, umgangatho wabo kunye nokujolisa.
Umzekelo obalaseleyo yenye ibhanki eyaziwayo. Inkampani ayinazo iiofisi zabaxumi bemveli, ukuhamba kwamaxwebhu kwenziwa ngeposi okanye ngeekhuriya, kwaye abasebenzi abaninzi basebenzela ekhaya. Inkampani iyekile ukuba yibhanki nje kwaye, ngokombono wam, iye yajika yaba yinkampani ye-IT enobugcisa be-DevOps obuphuhlisiwe.
Eminye imizekelo emininzi kunye neentetho zinokufunyanwa kurekhodisho lweendibano ezinomxholo kunye neenkomfa. Ndindwendwele ezinye zazo ngokobuqu - oku ngamava aluncedo kakhulu kwabo bafuna ukuphuhlisa kweli cala. Nanga amakhonkco kumajelo eYouTube aneentetho ezilungileyo kunye nezixhobo kwiDevOps:
Ngoku jonga ishishini lakho kwaye ucinge ngale nto: Ingakanani inkampani yakho kunye neenzuzo zayo ezixhomekeke kwiimveliso ze-IT ukwenza intsebenziswano yabathengi?
Ukuba inkampani yakho ithengisa intlanzi kwivenkile encinci kwaye imveliso ye-IT kuphela i-1C ezimbini: Ulungelelwaniso lweShishini (i-Accounting kunye ne-UNF), ngoko akukho ngqiqweni ukuthetha nge-DevOps.
Ukuba usebenza kwishishini elikhulu lokurhweba kunye nokuvelisa (umzekelo, uvelisa izibhamu zokuzingela), ngoko kufuneka ucinge ngako. Unokuthatha inyathelo lokuqala kwaye udlulisele kubaphathi bakho amathuba okuphumeza i-DevOps. Ewe, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, khokela le nkqubo. Isikhundla esibambekayo yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zefilosofi yeDevOps.
Ubungakanani kunye nomthamo wenguqu yemali yonyaka ayisiyonto iphambili yokumisela ukuba inkampani yakho iyayidinga iDevOps.
Makhe sicinge ngeshishini elikhulu lemizi-mveliso elinganxibelelani ngqo nabathengi. Umzekelo, abanye abenzi beemoto kunye neenkampani zokwenza iimoto. Andiqinisekanga ngoku, kodwa kumava am adlulileyo, iminyaka emininzi yonke intsebenziswano yabathengi yenziwa nge-imeyile kunye nefowuni.
Abathengi babo luluhlu olulinganiselweyo lwabathengisi beemoto. Kwaye ngamnye unikwe ingcali evela kumenzi. Konke ukuhamba kwamaxwebhu angaphakathi kwenzeka ngeSAP ERP. Abasebenzi bangaphakathi ngabaxhasi benkqubo yolwazi. Kodwa le IS ilawulwa ngeendlela zakudala zokulawula iinkqubo zeqela. Okungabandakanyi ithuba lokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-DevOps.
Ngoko ke isiphelo: kumashishini anjalo, ukuphunyezwa kwe-DevOps akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu, ukuba sikhumbula iinjongo zendlela yokusebenza ukususela ekuqaleni kwenqaku. Kodwa andigwebi ukuba basebenzisa ezinye izixhobo zeDevOps namhlanje.
Kwelinye icala, zininzi iinkampani ezincinci eziphuhlisa isoftware esebenzisa indlela ye-DevOps, ifilosofi, iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo. Kwaye bakholelwa ukuba iindleko zokuphumeza i-DevOps yindleko evumela ukuba bakhuphisane ngokufanelekileyo kwimarike yesofthiwe. Imizekelo yeenkampani ezinjalo inokubonwa .
Umlinganiselo oyintloko wokuqonda ukuba i-DevOps iyafuneka: yintoni ixabiso lemveliso yakho ye-IT kwinkampani kunye nabathengi.
Ukuba eyona mveliso yenkampani eyenza inzuzo yisoftware, udinga iDevOps. Kwaye akubalulekanga kangako ukuba ufumana imali yokwenyani usebenzisa ezinye iimveliso. Oku kuquka iivenkile online okanye izicelo mobile ngemidlalo.
Nayiphi na imidlalo ekhoyo ngenxa yenkxaso-mali: ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kubadlali. Kwi-Playgendary, siphuhlisa imidlalo yeselula yasimahla enabantu abangaphezu kwama-200 ababandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kwindalo yabo. Siyisebenzisa njani iDevOps?
Ewe, kanye njengokuba kuchaziwe ngasentla. Ndihlala ndinxibelelana nabaphuhlisi kunye nabavavanyi, kwaye ndiqhuba uqeqesho lwangaphakathi kubasebenzi kwindlela yokusebenza ye-DevOps kunye nezixhobo.
Ngoku sisebenzisa i-Jenkins ngenkuthalo njengesixhobo se-CI/CD semibhobho yokwenza yonke imibhobho yendibano kunye noBumbano kunye nokuthunyelwa okulandelayo kwi-App Store kunye ne-Play Market. Okunye okusuka kwikhithi yezixhobo zakudala:
- Asana - kulawulo lweprojekthi. Ukudityaniswa noJenkins kuqwalaselwe.
- Google Dibana-yeentlanganiso zevidiyo.
- I-Slack - yonxibelelwano kunye nezilumkiso ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nezaziso ezivela kuJenkins.
- I-Atlassian Confluence - kumaxwebhu kunye nomsebenzi weqela.
Izicwangciso zethu zangoku zibandakanya ukwazisa uhlalutyo lwekhowudi emileyo usebenzisa i-SonarQube kunye nokuqhuba uvavanyo lwe-UI oluzenzekelayo usebenzisa i-Selenium kwinqanaba lokuHlanganisa ngokuqhubekayo.
Endaweni yesiphelo
Ndingathanda ukugqiba ngale ngcamango ilandelayo: ukuba yinjineli ye-DevOps eqeqeshwe kakhulu, kubalulekile ukufunda indlela yokunxibelelana ngokuphila nabantu.
Injineli yeDevOps ngumdlali weqela. Kwaye akukho okunye. Inyathelo lokuqala ekunxibelelaneni noogxa bakhe kufuneka liphume kuye, hayi phantsi kweempembelelo ezithile. Ingcali ye-DevOps kufuneka ibone kwaye iphakamise esona sisombululo silungileyo kwiqela.
Kwaye ewe, ukuphunyezwa kwaso nasiphi na isisombululo siya kufuna ingxoxo eninzi, kwaye ekugqibeleni inokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Ukuphuhlisa ngokuzimeleyo, ukucebisa nokuphumeza iingcamango zakhe, umntu onjalo unexabiso elikhulayo kwiqela kunye nomqeshi. Yiyiphi, ekugqibeleni, ibonakala kwisixa somvuzo wakhe wenyanga okanye ngendlela yeebhonasi ezongezelelweyo.
umthombo: www.habr.com