Iinjineli ze-DevOps ziingcali eziziintlobo ngeentlobo ezikwaziyo ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo kwaye zazi ukuba abaphuhlisi, i-QA kunye nabaphathi basebenza njani. Bayazi indlela yokucwangcisa, ngokukhawuleza izixhobo ezinzima kwaye abalahlekanga xa bejongene nomsebenzi ongaqhelekanga. Kukho iinjineli ezimbalwa ze-DevOps - bazimisele ukuhlawula i-ruble eyi-200-300 lamawaka, kodwa kusekho izithuba ezininzi.
UDmitry Kuzmin ucacisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yiDevOps kwaye kufuneka ufunde ntoni ukuze ufake isicelo kwisikhundla esinjalo. Ibhonasi: amakhonkco abalulekileyo eencwadi, iividiyo, amajelo kunye noluntu lobuchwephesha.
Wenza ntoni injineli yeDevOps?
Kwimeko ye-DevOps, kubalulekile ukuba ungabhidanisi imimiselo. Inyani kukuba i-DevOps ayisiyondawo ethile yomsebenzi, kodwa yifilosofi yobuchwephesha. Yindlela yokusebenza enceda abaphuhlisi, abavavanyi kunye nabalawuli benkqubo basebenze ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo ngokuzenzekela kunye nokungenamthungo.
Ngokufanelekileyo, injineli ye-DevOps yingcali esebenzisa le ndlela yokusebenza kwinkqubo yokusebenza:
- Kwinqanaba lokucwangcisa, injineli ye-DevOps inceda ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi i-architecture eya kusetyenziswa isicelo, indlela eya kulinganisa ngayo, kwaye ukhethe inkqubo ye-orchestration.
- Emva koko useta iiseva, ukujonga ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokulayishwa kwekhowudi, kunye nokujonga indawo.
- Emva koko izenzele uvavanyo kwaye isombulule iingxaki zokusasazwa.
- Emva kokukhululwa, kubalulekile ukuqokelela impendulo kubasebenzisi kunye nokuphumeza ukuphuculwa. I-DevOps iqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi abaqapheli olu phuculo kwaye inkqubo yohlaziyo iyaqhubeka.
- Kwaye kwangaxeshanye, isombulula inqwaba yeengxaki ezinceda ukuphucula inkqubo yabaphuhlisi, i-QA, abalawuli benkqubo kunye nabaphathi.
Yonke into ebhaliweyo apha ngasentla iyenzeka kwiiprojekthi ezikufutshane nelungileyo. Ehlabathini lokwenene, kufuneka uqale iprojekthi apho ukucwangciswa kwakuphosakele, i-architecture yayingalunganga, kwaye waqala ukucinga malunga ne-automation xa zonke iiprojekthi ziyeka. Kwaye ukuqonda zonke ezi ngxaki, ukuzisombulula kunye nokwenza yonke into isebenze sisakhono esiphambili sengcali ye-DevOps.
Kukho ukubhideka kwimarike yeetalente. Ngamanye amaxesha ishishini likhangela iinjineli zeDevOps kwisikhundla sobunjineli beenkqubo, injineli yokwakha, okanye omnye umntu. Uxanduva luphinde lutshintshe ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu benkampani kunye nolwalathiso - kwindawo ethile bafuna umntu wokubonisana, kwindawo ethile bacelwa ukuba benze yonke into ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye kwindawo ethile kufuneka benze imisebenzi ephambili yomlawuli wenkqubo owaziyo ukwenza inkqubo.
Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqale kulo msebenzi
Ukungena kulo msebenzi kufuna ulungiselelo lokuqala. Awuyi kukwazi ukuthatha izifundo ukusuka ekuqaleni, ngaphandle kokuqonda nantoni na malunga ne-IT, kwaye ufunde ukuya kwinqanaba labancinci. Imvelaphi yobugcisa iyafuneka:
- Ilungile ukuba usebenza iinyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu njengomlawuli wenkqubo, imisebenzi okanye ingcali yovavanyo. Okanye ubuncinci ube nombono wokuba izicelo ziqala njani, kweyiphi imeko-bume ezinokuthi ziphuhlise, kwaye wenze ntoni xa ubona impazamo. Ukuba akunamava omsebenzi, thatha nayiphi na ikhosi kulawulo lweLinux, uphinda yonke into eyenzekayo kumatshini wakho wasekhaya.
- Qonda indlela itekhnoloji yenethiwekhi esebenza ngayo - funda ukufaka, ukuqwalasela nokulawula uthungelwano lwengingqi kunye nobubanzi bendawo.
- Jonga indlela kunye nokusebenza kweprogram - bhala izikripthi ezimbalwa kwi-Python okanye i-Go, zama ukuqonda imigaqo ye-OOP (iNkqubo ejoliswe kwiNjongo), funda malunga nomjikelo wophuhliso lwemveliso jikelele.
- Ulwazi lwesiNgesi lobugcisa luya kuba luncedo - akuyimfuneko ukunxibelelana kwizihloko zamahhala, kwanele ukukwazi ukufunda amaxwebhu kunye ne-interfaces.
Akuyimfuneko ukwazi yonke into edweliswe ngokweenkcukacha; ukuqala ukufunda iDevOps, ubuncinci benqanaba loqeqesho lwanele. Ukuba unemvelaphi yobugcisa enjalo, zama ukubhalisa kwizifundo.
Yintoni ekufuneka iDevOps yazi
Injineli elungileyo ye-DevOps yingcaphephe yezifundo ezininzi ezinombono obanzi kakhulu. Ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo, kuya kufuneka uqonde iindawo ezininzi ze-IT ngaxeshanye.
Phuhliso
I-DevOps iya kubhala iskripthi esiza kunceda abaphuhlisi bafake ikhowudi kumncedisi. Uya kudala inkqubo evavanya ukuphendula kwedatha "kwi-fly". Uya kubhala isicelo solawulo loguqulelo. Okokugqibela, qaphela ngokulula ingxaki yophuhliso enokuthi ivele kumncedisi.
Ingcali eyomeleleyo ye-DevOps yazi iilwimi ezininzi ezilungele ukuzenzela. Akayiqondi kakuhle, kodwa unokubhala ngokukhawuleza inkqubo encinci okanye afunde ikhowudi yomnye umntu. Ukuba awuzange udibane nophuhliso ngaphambili, qalisa ngePython - ine-syntax elula, kulula ukusebenza ngetekhnoloji yamafu, kwaye kukho amaxwebhu amaninzi kunye namathala eencwadi.
OS
Akunakwenzeka ukwazi zonke izakhono zenguqulelo nganye yenkqubo nganye - unokuchitha amawaka eeyure kuqeqesho olunjalo kwaye aluyi kuba luncedo. Endaweni yoko, i-DevOps elungileyo iyayiqonda imigaqo jikelele yokusebenza kuyo nayiphi na i-OS. Nangona, ukugweba ngokukhankanywa kwizithuba, uninzi ngoku lusebenza kwiLinux.
Injineli elungileyo iyaqonda ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo efanelekileyo yokufaka iprojekthi kuyo, zeziphi izixhobo zokusebenzisa, kwaye zeziphi iimpazamo ezinokuvela ngexesha lokuphunyezwa okanye ukusebenza.
Amafu
Imarike yeteknoloji yamafu ngokomyinge we-20-25% ngonyaka - isiseko esinjalo sikuvumela ukuba wenze ngokuzenzekelayo ukusebenza kwekhowudi yokuvavanya, ukudibanisa izicelo ezivela kumacandelo, kunye nokuhambisa ukuhlaziywa kubasebenzisi. I-DevOps elungileyo iqonda zombini izisombululo zamafu kunye ne-hybrid.
Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zeenjineli zihlala ziquka i-GCP, i-AWS kunye ne-Azure.
Oku kubandakanya ubuchule kwizixhobo zeCI/CD. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-Jenkins isetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo, kodwa ii-analogues zifanelekile ukuzama. Zininzi zazo, umzekelo uBuddy, iTeamCity kunye neGitlab CI. Kuya kuba luncedo ukufunda iTerraform - sisixhobo esichazayo esinceda ukuba usete ukude kwaye uqwalasele iziseko ezingundoqo emafini. KUNYE Packer, efunekayo ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo imifanekiso ye-OS.
Iinkqubo zeOkhestra kunye nee-microservices
Uyilo lweMicroservice luneenzuzo ezininzi - uzinzo, ukukwazi ukukala ngokukhawuleza, ukwenza lula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona. I-DevOps iyayiqonda indlela ii-microservices ezisebenza ngayo kwaye inokulindela iingxaki ezinokubakho.
Uyazi kakuhle uDocker kunye noKubernetes. Uyayiqonda indlela izikhongozeli ezisebenza ngayo, indlela yokwakha inkqubo ukuze ukwazi ukukhubaza ezinye zazo ngaphandle kweziphumo zenkqubo iyonke. Ngokomzekelo, unokwakha iqela le-Kubernetes usebenzisa i-Ansible
Yintoni enye ekufuneka iDevOps izame?
Uluhlu lwezixhobo ezinokuba luncedo kwinjineli ye-DevOps ayinasiphelo. Abanye basebenza kwi-orchestration yeprojekthi, abanye bachitha ixesha labo elininzi besenza ukusasazwa kunye novavanyo, kwaye abanye baphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kulawulo loqwalaselo. Kwinkqubo, kuya kucaca ukuba kuphi ukumba kwaye zeziphi iiprojekthi eziya kuba luncedo.
Nantsi enye incinci encinci eya kunceda ekuqaleni:
- Qonda indlela iGit kunye neGithub esebenza ngayo ukuba awukenzi. Faka iGitLab kwiseva yakho.
- Ziqhelanise ne-JSON kunye ne-YAML yophawu lweelwimi.
- Faka kwaye uzame ukusebenza kwiidathabheyisi - hayi iMySQL kuphela, kodwa kunye neNoSQL. Zama iMongoDB.
- Qonda indlela yokulawula uqwalaselo lweeseva ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Umzekelo, usebenzisa i-Ansible.
- Cwangcisa esweni umthwalo kunye logs ngoko nangoko. Zama iPrometheus, Grafana, Alertmanager indibaniselwano.
- Jonga ezona zisombululo zilungileyo zokusasazwa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo - kufuneka nje uqhelane, uphumeze kwaye uziqonde kuqeqesho okanye kwiprojekthi yokusebenza.
Kutheni kufuneka uqale ukufunda iDevOps ngoku
Kukho ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kwimarike yeenjineli zeDevOps. Oku kuqinisekiswa ngokwemiqathango ngobuninzi kunye nomgangatho wezithuba:
- E-Russia, kwi-HeadHunter yodwa, ngaphezu kwe-2 amawaka emisebenzi ihlala ikhona kweli gama elingundoqo.
- Kwaye ngabantu abayi-1 kuphela abathumele i-CV yabo.
Ukuqwalasela ukuba ukuthumela i-resume akuthethi ukukhangela umsebenzi ngenkuthalo, kuvela ukuba kwingcali enye kukho izithuba ezimbini okanye ezintathu - le meko ayikho nakwimarike yophuhliso lwewebhu. Yongeza apha izithuba ezingakumbi zeHabr kunye neTelegram - ukunqongophala kweengcali kukhulu.
Nika ingqalelo kwiimfuno zemivuzo yabenzi-sicelo
I-DevOps ayikho ngaphantsi kwemfuno kwihlabathi- ukuba uya kufudukela e-USA okanye eYurophu, ke kuphela kwi-portal. Iinkampani ezingaphezu kwamawaka angama-34 zifuna iingcali ezinjalo. Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo ziquka iminyaka eyi-1-3 yamava, ukukwazi ukusebenza ngamafu, kwaye ungoyiki imisebenzi yokubonisana.
Kukho amaxesha amaninzi anikezela ngokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo - iinjineli zeDevOps zijonge ikakhulu abasebenzi kunye nezikhundla ezisisigxina.
Ukufumana iprojekthi efanelekileyo yokuzimela kunzima, kodwa kunokwenzeka
Indlela yesiqhelo yomsebenzi wenjineli ye-DevOps inokucingelwa into enje:
- Usebenze njengomlawuli wenkqubo kwinkampani encinci ye-IT kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kunyaka. Kwangaxeshanye, ufunda ulwimi olulungele ukuzenzela.
- Ufunda ngokuzimisela kwiikhosi kangangeenyanga ezintandathu.
- Ukufudukela komnye umsebenzi - kwinkampani ethengisa izisombululo zamafu, isebe lequmrhu elikhulu, kubaphuhlisi beeprojekthi ezinkulu. Ukubeka nje, apho kukho isidingo sokuzisebenzela rhoqo kunye nokuphunyezwa. Kwimeko yokuqala malunga ne-100 lamawaka eeruble.
- Usebenze ngokukhutheleyo kwaye efunda iminyaka eliqela, enyusa umvuzo wakhe izihlandlo ezininzi.
- Uba yingcali kuluntu lobuchwephesha kwaye uqhubela phambili ekuboniseni. Okanye ikhule ibe ngumakhi wenkqubo okanye umlawuli we-IT.
I-DevOps inzima. Kufuneka udibanise izakhono zemisebenzi emininzi ngexesha elinye. Yiba ngumntu olungele ukubonelela ngophuculo apho ezinye iingcali ze-IT zingacingi nokucinga ngayo nayiphi na enye into. Bahlawula kakhulu oku, kodwa bafuna isixa esikhulu solwazi.
Ingaba iDevOps ifumana malini?
Ngokwedatha yekota yesibini ka-2019, umvuzo ophakathi we-devops uphakathi kwe-90 kunye ne-160 lamawaka ee-ruble. Kukho izibonelelo ezitshiphu - ubukhulu becala 60-70 lamawaka.
Kukho ukunikezelwa rhoqo ukuya kwi-200 lamawaka, kwaye kukho izithuba ezinemivuzo ukuya kwi-330 lamawaka eeruble.
Phakathi kweengcali zokusebenza, i-DevOps ihlawulwa phezulu kunabanye. Umthombo:
Iinjineli ze-DevOps, kubandakanywa nabaqalayo, ngoku zifunwa kwiibhanki ezinkulu, iinkampani, iinkonzo zefu, iinkqubo zokurhweba kunye neminye imibutho ekhathalele ukugcina izisombululo zabo ze-IT.
Umgqatswa ogqwesileyo kwisithuba esincinci esinomvuzo wama-60-90 amawaka uyakuba ngumlawuli wenkqubo enokuba ngunyaka wamava kunye nediploma ekhethekileyo.
Akukho manani anjalo, kodwa kubonakala ngathi abantu abanamava kwiLinux bahlawulwa ngaphezulu
Yintoni omawuyibukele kwaye uyifunde ukuze ukhule kumsebenzi wakho
Ukuntywila kwihlabathi le-DevOps, zama imithombo emininzi yolwazi:
- [YouTube, ENG] - iividiyo ezininzi ezivela kwiinkomfa kunye neewebinars zemfundo.
- [YouTube, RUS]-iingxelo zevidiyo ezivela kwinkomfa yeDevOps yobuchwephesha eRussia.
- [incwadi, RUS] yenye yezona ncwadi zidumileyo malunga nefilosofi yeDevOps. Le ncwadi iqulethe imigaqo jikelele yendlela yokusebenza; ixela into ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo kuqala xa usebenza kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi.
- [incwadi, RUS] - ithiyori eninzi kunye nemigaqo malunga nendlela yolawulo lwenkqubo kufuneka yakhiwe.
- [incwadi, ENG] - ukuphononongwa kweveki yeendaba malunga nento eyenzekayo kwi-DevOps emhlabeni jikelele.
- [ITelegram, RUS] - iindaba zeshishini, izibhengezo zenkomfa, amakhonkco kumanqaku amatsha anomdla kunye neencwadi.
- [ITelegram, RUS] -Incoko yolwimi lwesiRashiya apho unokucela ingcebiso kwaye ucele uncedo ngolungelelwaniso.
- I-Devops.com yindawo enkulu yamazwe ngamazwe enamanqaku, iiwebinars, iipodcasts kunye neekholamu ezivela kwiinkampani ezinkulu kwishishini.
- -Uluntu oluthetha isiRashiya lweenjineli zeDevOps kunye novelwano.
- Ezona ncwadi zigqwesileyo zolwimi onokuthi ulusebenzisele uphuhliso.
Apho ufundela khona i-DevOps
Unokufumana ulwazi olucwangcisiweyo kwikhosi ""kwiNetology. Uya kufunda umjikelo opheleleyo wendlela yokusebenza:
- Funda indlela yokuhlalutya ikhowudi kwaye usebenzise ngokukhawuleza izixhobo zokulawula iinguqulelo.
- Qonda ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokudityaniswa ngokuqhubekayo, uvavanyo kunye nokwakha.
- Funda ukulawula kunye nokwenza utshintsho kwisicelo.
- Fumana izandla kunye noqwalaselo kunye nezixhobo zolawulo.
- Ziqhelanise ngokukhawuleza ngokukhetha kunye nokuqwalasela iinkonzo eziyimfuneko zokubeka iliso.
Fumana ikhosi yenkqubo yePython njengebhonasi- uya kuzisombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula. Yonke into iyasebenza - sisebenzisa i-AWS, GCP okanye iAzure.
Oku kwanele ukuguqula injineli ye-novice okanye umlawuli wenkqubo kwi-DevOps efunwayo kwaye unyuse ngokumnandi ithegi yakho yexabiso kwimarike yomsebenzi.
umthombo: www.habr.com