ILab: ukuseta ilvm, ugqogqa kwiLinux

Ukuphambuka okuncinci: le LR iyenziwe.
Eminye yemisebenzi echazwe apha inokwenziwa lula ngakumbi, kodwa kuba umsebenzi we-l/r kukwazi
ngohlaselo kunye nokusebenza kwe-lvm, eminye imisebenzi intsonkothile ngokwenziwa.

Iimfuno zezixhobo zokwenza i-LR:

• Izixhobo zeVirtualization njengeVirtualbox
• Umfanekiso wofakelo lweLinux, umzekelo I-Debian9
• Ubukho be-Intanethi yokukhuphela iipakethe ezininzi
• Qhagamshela nge-ssh kwi-VM efakiweyo (ukhetho)

UKWENZA

Lo msebenzi waselabhoratri unxulumene nomcimbi ofihlakeleyo njengokhuseleko lwedatha - le yindawo apho
ekuvumela ukuba ulahlekelwe yiyo yonke idatha yakho ngenxa yempazamo encinci - unobumba omnye owongezelelweyo okanye inombolo.
Kuba usenza umsebenzi waselabhoratri, akukho ngozi, ngaphandle kokuba kuya kufuneka uqale ukuwenza kwakhona.
Kubomi bokwenene, yonke into ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoko kufuneka ufake amagama edisk ngononophelo, ukuqonda
wenza ntoni kanye ngomyalelo wangoku kwaye zeziphi iidiski osebenza ngazo.

Inqaku lesibini elibalulekileyo ligama leediski kunye nezahlulo: kuxhomekeke kwimeko, amanani edisk angahluka
ukusuka kuloo maxabiso aboniswe kwimiyalelo kumsebenzi welabhoratri.
Ke, umzekelo, ukuba ususa idiski yesda kuluhlu kwaye wongeze idiski entsha, idiski entsha iya kuboniswa.
kwinkqubo ebizwa sda. Ukuba uqala kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba wongeze idiski entsha, ke entsha
idiski iyakuthiywa igama sdb, kwaye endala iya kubizwa ngokuba sda

Ilebhu kufuneka iqhutywe njengomsebenzisi ophezulu (ingcambu) njengoko uninzi lwemiyalelo ifuna
amalungelo aphezulu kwaye akukho ngqiqweni ukuhlala usonyusa amalungelo nge-sudo

IMixholo Yokufunda

• RAID
• LVM
• Ukunikwa kwamagama kwidiski kwiLinux OS
• Yintoni icandelo
• Yintoni itafile yokwahlula kwaye igcinwa phi?
• Yintoni igrub

Izinto ezisetyenziswayo

1) jonga ulwazi lwediski

• lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
• fdisk -l
  2) ulwazi lokujonga kunye nokusebenza neLVM
• pvs
• pvextend
• pvcreate
• pvresize
• njl
• vgreduce
• lvs
• ulwandiso
  3) ulwazi lokujonga kunye nokusebenza ne-RAID
• ikati /proc/mdstat
• mdadm
  4) iindawo zokukhwela
• Ukunyuka
• unyuka
• ikati /etc/fstab
• ikati /etc/mtab
  5) ukwabiwa kwediski
• fdisk /dev/XXX
  6) ukukopa izahlulo
• dd ukuba=/dev/xxx ye=/dev/yyy
  7) ukusebenza kunye netafile yokwahlula
• inxalenye
• sfdisk
• umxholo4
  8) ukusebenza kunye ne-bootloader
• grub-fake /dev/XXX
• uhlaziyo-lwegrub
  9) ezinye izinto
• lsof
• Wayenyanisile
• rsync

Umsebenzi waselabhoratri unamacandelo ama-3:

• ukuseta inkqubo yokusebenza usebenzisa lvm, raid
• ukulinganisa enye yeentsilelo zedisk
• ukubuyisela iidiski kubhabho, ukongeza iidiski ezintsha kunye nezahlulo ezihambayo.

Umsebenzi 1 (ufakelo lwe-OS kunye noqwalaselo lweLVM, RAID)

1) Yenza umatshini omtsha wenyani, unike ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• 1 gb inkunzi yegusha
• 1 cpu
• 2 hdds (zithiye ssd1, ssd2 kwaye unike ubungakanani obulinganayo, khangela utshintshiselwano olushushu kunye neebhokisi ze-ssd)
• Umlawuli we-SATA ulungiselelwe izibuko ezi-4

2) Qalisa ukufaka iLinux kwaye xa ufika ekukhetheni ii-hard drives, yenza oku kulandelayo:

• Indlela yokwahlulahlula: incwadi, emva koko kufuneka ubone lo mfanekiso:
  

• Ukuseta isahlulelo esahlukileyo se-/boot: Khetha idiski yokuqala kwaye wenze itafile entsha yokwahlula kuyo

  • Ubungakanani besahlulelo: 512M
  • Indawo yokunyuka: /boot
  • Phinda useto lwe diski yesibini, kodwa ekubeni awukwazi ukukhwela / ukuqalisa kabini ngaxeshanye, khetha indawo yokunyuka: akukho nanye, ekugqibeleni ufumane oku kulandelayo (umfanekiso ngejamb, uyonqena ukuwenza kwakhona):
    

• ukuseta iRAID:

  • Khetha indawo ekhululekileyo kwidiski yokuqala kwaye uqwalasele uhlobo lwesahlulelo njengomthamo obonakalayo weRAID
  • Khetha "Kugqityiwe ukuseta isahlulelo"
  • Phinda ngokuchanekileyo useto olufanayo lwediski yesibini, okukhokelela koku kulandelayo:
    
  • Khetha "Qwalasela iRAID yesoftware"
  • Yenza isixhobo seMD
  • Uhlobo lwesixhobo se-RAID ye-Software: Khetha uluhlu lwezipili
  • Izixhobo ezisebenzayo zeRAID XXXX uluhlu: Khetha zombini iidrive
  • Izixhobo ezigcinayo: Shiya i-0 njengento eqhelekileyo
  • Izixhobo ezisebenzayo zeRAID XX uluhlu: khetha izahlulelo ozenze phantsi kohlaselo
  • Gqiba
  • Ngenxa yoko, kuya kufuneka ufumane umfanekiso onje:
    

• Ukuqwalasela i-LVM: Khetha Qwalasela uMphathi weVolyum eNgengqiqo

  • Gcina isahlulelo sangoku kwaye uqwalasele i-LVM: Ewe
  • Yenza iqela levolumu
  • Igama leqela lomthamo: inkqubo
  • Izixhobo zeqela elitsha levolumu: Khetha iRAID yakho eyenziweyo
  • Yenza umthamo onengqondo
  • Igama levolumu elisengqiqweni: ingcambu
  • ubungakanani bevolyum esengqiqweni: 25 yobungakanani bediski yakho
  • Yenza umthamo onengqondo
  • Igama levolumu elisengqiqweni: var
  • ubungakanani bevolyum esengqiqweni: 25 yobungakanani bediski yakho
  • Yenza umthamo onengqondo
  • Igama levolyum esengqiqweni: log
  • ubungakanani bevolyum esengqiqweni: 15 yobungakanani bediski yakho
  • Ngokukhetha umboniso weenkcukacha zoqwalaselo kufuneka ufumane lo mfanekiso ulandelayo:
    
  • Nje ukuba ugqibe ukuseta i-LVM kuya kufuneka ubone oku kulandelayo:
    

• Ubeko lwesahlulelo: nganye nganye, khetha ivolumu nganye eyenziweyo kwi-LVM kwaye uyibeke, umzekelo, kwingcambu enje:

  • Sebenzisa njenge: ext4
  • indawo yokunyuka: /
  • Isiphumo sokumakisha isahlulelo seengcambu kufuneka sijongeke ngolu hlobo:
    
  • phinda umsebenzi wokwahlulahlula kwe-var kunye nelog, ukhetha iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokunyuka (/var kunye/var/log efakwe ngesandla), ukufumana ezi ziphumo zilandelayo:
    
  • Khetha Gqibezela ukwahlulahlula
  • Uyakubuzwa imibuzo emininzi malunga nento yokuba usenesahlulelo esinganyuswanga kwaye utshintshiselwano aluqwalaseli. Yomibini le mibuzo kufuneka iphendulwe ngendlela engalunganga.

• Isiphumo sokugqibela kufuneka sibonakale ngolu hlobo:
  
  3) Gqibezela ukufakwa kwe-OS ngokufaka i-grub kwisixhobo sokuqala (sda) kwaye uqalise inkqubo.
  4) Khuphela imixholo ye-/boot isahlulelo ukusuka kwi-sda drive (ssd1) ukuya kwi-sdb drive (ssd2)

  dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1

  5) Faka i-grub kwisixhobo sesibini:

• jonga kwiidiski kwinkqubo:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

• Dwelisa zonke iidiski owanikwa ngumyalelo wangaphambili kwaye uchaze ukuba luhlobo luni lwediski

• Fumana idrive apho igrub ingafakwanga kwaye wenze olufakelo:
  grub-install /dev/sdb

• Jonga ulwazi malunga nohlaselo lwangoku ngekati /proc/mdstat umyalelo kwaye ubhale phantsi okubonayo.

• jonga kwimveliso yemiyalelo: pvs, vgs, lvs, nyusa kwaye ubhale phantsi ukuba ubone ntoni kanye kanye.

Chaza ngawakho amazwi into oyenzileyo kunye nesiphumo osifumeneyo kulo msebenzi.

Emva kokugqiba lo msebenzi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugcine ikopi yogcino lwefolda yomatshini wenyani okanye wenze
ibhokisi ye-vagrant: https://t.me/bykvaadm/191

Isiphumo: Umatshini obonakalayo onediski ssd1, ssd2

Umsebenzi 2 (Ukulinganisa ukusilela kwenye yeediski)

1) Ukuba ukhangele ibhokisi yokutshintsha eshushu, ngoko unokucima iidiski kwi-fly

• Cima idiski ssd1 kwiipropati zomatshini
• Fumana uvimba weefayili apho zigcinwa khona iifayile zoomatshini kwaye ucime ssd1.vmdk
  2) Qinisekisa ukuba umatshini wakho wenyani usasebenza
  3) Qalisa kwakhona umatshini wenyani kwaye uqiniseke ukuba usasebenza
  4) khangela ubume be-RAID uluhlu: ikati /proc/mdstat
  5) yongeza idiski entsha yobukhulu obufanayo kwi-interface yeVM kwaye uyinike igama elithi ssd3
  6) yenza imisebenzi:
• bona ukuba idiski entsha ifikile kwindlela usebenzisa i-fdisk -l
• khuphela itafile yokwahlula ukusuka kwidiski endala ukuya kwentsha: sfdisk -d /dev/XXXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
• jonga kwisiphumo usebenzisa i-fdisk -l
• Yongeza idiski entsha kuluhlu lohlaselo: mdadm -lawula /dev/md0 -yongeza /dev/YYY
• Jonga isiphumo: ikati /proc/mdstat. Kuya kufuneka ubone ukuba ungqamaniso luqalile
  7) Ngoku kufuneka ulungelelanise ngokwahlula izahlulo ezingeyonxalenye ye-RAID.
  Ukwenza oku, siya kusebenzisa i-dd into eluncedo, sikhuphela kwidiski "ephilayo" ukuya kwentsha osandul' ukuyifaka.

  dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

  8) Emva kokuba ulungelelwaniso lugqityiwe, faka i-grub kwi-drive entsha
  9) Qalisa kwakhona i-VM ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into iyasebenza
  Chaza ngawakho amazwi into oyenzileyo kunye nesiphumo osifumeneyo kulo msebenzi.
  Isiphumo: IDiski ssd1 isusiwe, idisk ssd2 yagcinwa, idisk ssd3 yongezwa.

  Umsebenzi 3 (Yongeza iidiski ezintsha kunye nokuhambisa isahlulelo)

  Lo ngowona msebenzi untsokothileyo nonzima kuyo yonke into ebonisiweyo.
  Jonga ngononophelo olukhulu okwenzayo kwaye zeziphi iidiski kunye nezahlulo.
  Kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze ikopi phambi kokuba uyiqhube.
  Lo msebenzi uzimele kuNombolo 2, unokwenziwa emva komsebenzi weNombolo 1, ulungelelaniselwe amagama ediski.
  Inxalenye yesibini yalo msebenzi waselabhoratri kufuneka ikhokelele kwimo efana ncam naleyo yayisemva kokugqiba inxalenye yokuqala.

  Ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula, ndingacebisa ukuba ungasusi ngokwasemzimbeni iidiski kumatshini wokubamba, kodwa kuphela
  zikhuphe kwiipropati zomatshini. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-OS kwi-VM iya kujongeka ngokufanayo, kodwa unako
  ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo, qhagamshela idiski ngasemva kwaye uqhubeke nomsebenzi ngokuqengqela umva amanqaku ambalwa, ukuba
  uneengxaki. Umzekelo, unokuba uyenzile ngokungalunganga okanye ulibale ukukopa i-/boot isahlulelo kwidiski entsha.
  Ndingakucebisa ukuba ujonge kabini ukuba zeziphi iidiski kunye nezahlulo osebenza ngazo amaxesha amaninzi, okanye ngcono
  Bhala phantsi kwiphepha lembalelwano phakathi kweediski, izahlulo kunye nenombolo yediski "yomzimba". Umthi omhle kwaye ocacileyo
  iqela liyatsala lsblk, lisebenzise ngokufuthi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze uhlalutye oko ukwenzileyo noko kufuneka kwenziwe.

  Kwibali...

  Khawucinge ukuba iseva yakho isebenze ixesha elide kwi-2 SSD drives, xa ngequbuliso...

  1) Ukulinganisa ukusilela kwediski ye-ssd2 ngokususa idiski kwiipropathi zeVM kunye nokuqalisa kwakhona
  2) Jonga ubume bangoku beediski kunye neRAID:

  cat /proc/mdstat
  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  3) Unethamsanqa - abaphathi bakho bakuvumele ukuba uthenge iidiski ezininzi ezintsha:

  I-2 ye-SATA yomthamo omkhulu wexesha elide lomsebenzi wokuhambisa isahlulelo kunye neelog kwidiski eyahlukileyo

  2 ii-SSD endaweni yaleyo yafayo, kunye nokubuyisela leyo isasebenza.

  Nceda uqaphele ukuba ibhasikithi yomncedisi ixhasa kuphela ukufaka iidiski ezi-4 ngexesha,
  ngoko ke, awukwazi ukudibanisa zonke iidiski kanye.

  Khetha umthamo we-HDD amaxesha ama-2 amakhulu kune-SSD.
  Umthamo we-SSD ngamaxesha angama-1,25 amakhulu kune-SSD yangaphambili.

  4) Yongeza idiski entsha ye-ssd, uyibiza ngokuba yi-ssd4, kwaye emva kokongeza, khangela ukuba kwenzeke ntoni:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  5) Okokuqala, kufuneka unakekele ukhuseleko lwedatha kwidiski endala.
  Ngeli xesha siya kudlulisela idatha sisebenzisa iLVM:

  • Okokuqala, kufuneka ukope itafile yefayile ukusuka kwidiski endala ukuya kwentsha:

    sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    Faka endaweni yeediski ezichanekileyo ze x,y kwaye ufumanise ukuba lo myalelo wenza ntoni.

    Qhuba lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT kwaye uthelekise imveliso yayo nomnxeba odlulileyo.
    Yintoni etshintshileyo?
    sebenzisa umyalelo we-dd ukukopa i-data ye-boot kwidiski entsha

    dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

    ukuba /i-boot ihleli inyuswe kwidiski endala, kufuneka iphinde inyuswe kwidiski ephilayo:

    mount | grep boot # смотрим куда смонтирован диск
    lsblk # смотрим какие диски есть в системе и смотрим есть ли диск, полученный из предыдущего пункта
    umount /boot # отмонтируем /boot
    mount -a # выполним монтирование всех точек согласно /etc/fstab. 
    # Поскольку там указана точка монтирования /dev/sda, то будет выполнено корректное перемонтирование на живой диск

    Faka i-bootloader kwi-ssd drive entsha

    grub-install /dev/YYY

    Kutheni sisenza olu tyando?

    yenza uluhlu olutsha lohlaselo oluquka kuphela idiski enye ye-ssd:

    mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md63 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/YYY

    Lo myalelo ungasentla awuyi kusebenza ngaphandle kokuchaza isitshixo esikhethekileyo.
    Funda uncedo kwaye wongeze eli qhosha kumyalelo.

    Sebenzisa ikati /proc/mdstat umyalelo ukujonga isiphumo somsebenzi wakho. Yintoni etshintshileyo?
    Qhuba lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT kwaye uthelekise imveliso yayo nomnxeba odlulileyo.
    Yintoni etshintshileyo?
    6) Inyathelo elilandelayo kukuqwalasela i-LVM
    sebenzisa i pvs umyalelo ukujonga ulwazi malunga nemithamo yangoku ebonakalayo
    yenza umthamo omtsha womzimba kuquka uluhlu lweRAID olwenziwe ngaphambili:

    pvcreate /dev/md63

    Qhuba lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT kwaye uthelekise imveliso yayo nomnxeba odlulileyo.
    Yintoni etshintshileyo?
    Qhuba umyalelo we-pvs kwakhona. Yintoni etshintshileyo?
    Masinyuse ubungakanani benkqubo yeQela loMqulu sisebenzisa lo myalelo ulandelayo:

    vgextend system /dev/md63

    Qhuba imiyalelo kwaye ubhale phantsi into oyibonileyo kunye nento etshintshileyo.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices

    Kweyiphi idiski ebonakalayo iLV var,log,root ekhoyo ngoku?

    Hambisa idatha ukusuka kwidrayivu endala ukuya kwentsha, usebenzisa amagama esixhobo esichanekileyo.

    pvmove -i 10 -n /dev/system/root /dev/md0 /dev/md63 

    Phinda usebenze kuyo yonke imiqulu ebhadlileyo

    Qhuba imiyalelo kwaye ubhale phantsi into oyibonileyo kunye nento etshintshileyo.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    Masitshintshe i-VG yethu ngokususa idiski endala yokuhlaselwa kuyo. Faka endaweni yegama elichanekileyo lohlaselo.

    vgreduce system /dev/md0

    Qhuba imiyalelo kwaye ubhale phantsi into oyibonileyo kunye nento etshintshileyo.

    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
    pvs
    vgs

    Ukwenza umfanekiso ube mhle ngakumbi, nyusa / qalisa kwidiski yesibini ye-ssd (ssd4) kwaye usebenzise i-lsblk. Ngenxa yoko, idiski ye-ssd3 ayifuni
    akukho nto kufuneka inyuswe. Jonga ngononophelo ukuba i/i-partition ye-boot ayinanto! ls /boot kufuneka ibonise
    iifayile ezininzi kunye neefolda. Funda oko kugcinwe kweli candelo kwaye ubhale phantsi ukuba loluphi ulawulo lwefayile olunoxanduva lwantoni.
    7) susa idiski ye-ssd3 kwaye wongeze i-ssd5, i-hdd1, i-hdd2 ngokweenkcukacha zobuchwepheshe ezichazwe ngasentla, okubangelwa:
    ssd4-i-ssd entsha yokuqala
    ssd5-yesibini entsha ssd
    I-hdd1 - i-hdd entsha yokuqala
    i-hdd2-yesibini i-hdd entsha

    8) Jonga ukuba kwenzeke ntoni emva kokongeza iidiski:

    fdisk -l
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    9) Masibuyisele ukusebenza koluhlu oluphambili lohlaselo:

    • khuphela itafile yolwahlulo, ubuyisela iidiski ezichanekileyo:

      sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    • Nceda uqaphele ukuba xa sikhuphela itafile yokwahlula kwidiski endala, kwakubonakala ngathi ubungakanani obutsha
      ayisebenzisi ngokupheleleyo umthamo we-hard drive.
      Ke ngoko, kungekudala kuya kufuneka sitshintshe ubungakanani kwesi sahlulelo kwaye sandise uhlaselo.
      Zibonele ngokwenza lo myalelo:

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      10) khuphela isahlulelo sokuqalisa/ukuvula ukusuka kwi-ssd4 ukuya kwi-ssd5

      dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

      11) Faka i-grub kwi-drive entsha (ssd5)
      12) buyisela kwakhona ulwahlulo lwesibini lwediski ye-ssd5

      sebenzisa usetyenziso lokwahlulahlula kwediski:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      ngenisa iqhosha le-d ukucima isahlulelo esisele sikhona (khetha 2)
      ngenisa iqhosha n ukwenza isahlulelo esitsha
      ngenisa iqhosha p ukubonisa uhlobo lwesahlulelo "esiphambili"
      ngenisa isitshixo 2 ukuze isahlulelo esitsha sibe nenani lesibini
      Icandelo lokuqala: cofa u-enter ukwamkela ubungakanani obalwe ngokuzenzekelayo besiqalo sesahlulelo
      Icandelo lokugqibela: cofa u-enter ukwamkela ubungakanani obalwe ngokuzenzekelayo besiphelo sesahlulelo
      ngenisa iqhosha le-l ukubona uluhlu lwazo zonke iintlobo zesahlulelo ezinokwenzeka kwaye ufumane i Linux raid auto kuyo
      ngenisa iqhosha lika-t ukutshintsha udidi lwesahlulelo esenziweyo (2) kwaye ufake inani elifunyenwe kwinyathelo elidlulileyo.
      ngenisa iqhosha lika-w ukubhala utshintsho kwidiski.
      12) phinda ufunde itafile yokwahlula kwaye ukhangele umphumo

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      yongeza idiski entsha kuhlaselo lwangoku uluhlu (ungalibali ukufaka endaweni yeediski ezichanekileyo)

      mdadm --manage /dev/md63 --add /dev/sda2

      Masikhulise inani leediski kuluhlu lwethu ukuya ku-2:

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --raid-devices=2

      Jonga isiphumo: sinezixhobo ezi-2 eziphawulweyo, kodwa omabini amacandelo abandakanyiweyo kolu luhlu anobukhulu obahlukeneyo.

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      13) ukwandisa ubungakanani bokwahlula kwidiski ye-ssd4

      sebenzisa usetyenziso lokwahlulahlula kwediski:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      ngenisa iqhosha le-d ukucima isahlulelo esisele sikhona (khetha 2)
      ngenisa iqhosha n ukwenza isahlulelo esitsha
      ngenisa iqhosha p ukubonisa uhlobo lwesahlulelo "esiphambili"
      ngenisa isitshixo 2 ukuze isahlulelo esitsha sibe nenani lesibini
      Icandelo lokuqala: cofa u-enter ukwamkela ubungakanani obalwe ngokuzenzekelayo besiqalo sesahlulelo
      Icandelo lokugqibela: cofa u-enter ukwamkela ubungakanani obalwe ngokuzenzekelayo besiphelo sesahlulelo
      Ekupheleni kophawulo, khetha Hayi ukushiya utyikityo lobulungu besahlulelo kuluhlu.
      ngenisa iqhosha lika-w ukubhala utshintsho kwidiski.
      12) phinda ufunde itafile yokwahlula kwaye ukhangele umphumo

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngoku i-sda2, izahlulo ze-sdc2 zinesayizi> kunobukhulu besixhobo sohlaselo.

      13) ngeli nqanaba ubungakanani bohlaselo ngoku bunokwandiswa

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --size=max
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT # check result

      Phonononga lsblk kwaye uqaphele ukuba yintoni etshintshileyo
      14) Nangona kunjalo, nangona sitshintshe ubungakanani bohlaselo, ubukhulu bengcambu ye-vg, var, log ngokwabo abuzange butshintshe.

      • jonga ubungakanani bePV:

        pvs

      • Masikhulise ubungakanani bePV yethu:

        pvresize /dev/md63

      • jonga ubungakanani bePV:

        pvs

        15) Yongeza indawo esanda kuvela VG var,root

        lvs # посмотрим сколько сейчас размечено
        lvextend -l +50%FREE /dev/system/root
        lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/system/var
        lvs # проверьте что получилось

        Kweli nqanaba, ugqibile ukufudusa uluhlu oluphambili kwiidiski ezintsha. sebenza nge-ssd1, i-ssd2 igqityiwe

        16) Umsebenzi wethu olandelayo kukuhambisa / var / log kwiidiski ezintsha, kuba oku siza kudala uluhlu olutsha kunye ne-lvm kwiidiski ze-hdd.

        • makhe sibone ukuba amagama amatsha e-hdd drives anawo

          fdisk -l

        • masenze uluhlu lohlaselo

          mdadm --create /dev/md127 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd

        • masenze iPV entsha kuhlaselo lweediski ezinkulu

          pvcreate data /dev/md127

        • Masenze iqela kule PV ebizwa ngokuba yidatha

          vgcreate data /dev/md127

        • Masenze ivolumu enengqiqo kunye nobukhulu bayo yonke indawo ekhululekile kwaye siyibize val_log

          lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n var_log data # lvs # посмотрим результат

        • fomata isahlulelo esiyiliweyo kwi ext4

          mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/data-var_log

        • masibone isiphumo

          lsblk

          17) ukudlulisa idatha yelog ukusuka kwisahlulo esidala ukuya kwintsha

          faka okwethutyana ugcino olutsha lwelog

          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /mnt

          masingqamanise izahlulelo

          apt install rsync
          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          Makhe sifumanise ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ngoku kwi/var/log

          apt install lsof
          lsof | grep '/var/log'

          yeka ezi nkqubo

          systemctl stop rsyslog.service syslog.socket

          yenza ungqamaniso lokugqibela lwezahlulo (idatha enokuthi itshintshile ukusukela kungqamaniso lokugqibela)

          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          tshintsha amacandelo

          umount /mnt
          umount /var/log
          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /var/log

          masijonge ukuba kwenzeke ntoni

          lsblk

          18) Hlela /etc/fstab
          fstab - ifayile erekhoda imigaqo apho izahlulo ziya kunyuswa ekuqaleni
          umsebenzi wethu kukufumana umgca apho / var / log inyuswe kwaye silungise isixhobo system-log phezu data-var_log

          19) Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kweli nqanaba ungalibali ukutshintsha itafile ye-radela (ext4, umzekelo). Ngenxa yokuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba sitshintsha njani naluphi na uhlaselo, i-lvm, de i-FS kulwahlulo yaziswe ukuba ubungakanani bokwahlula butshintshile ngoku, asiyi kukwazi ukusebenzisa isithuba esitsha. Sebenzisa umyalelo resize2fs ukutshintsha iFS.

          20) Ingqungquthela yokugqibela

          • Masiqalise kwakhona. Ukuba wenze yonke into ngokuchanekileyo, uya kubuyiselwa kwi-OS yakho (oku kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into iyasebenza. Eli nyathelo alinantsingiselo ngaphandle kokuzivavanya)
          • khangela ukuba yonke into ebesifuna ukuyenza yenziwe ngokwenene:

            pvs
            lvs
            vgs
            lsblk
            cat /proc/mdstat

          21) [NGOKUTHANDA] Landela amanyathelo

          • qalisa ngokutsha ngokucinezela F12 ukukhankanya iidrive ezahlukeneyo xa uqalisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyakwazi ukuqala
            kuyo nayiphi na i-ssd drives, ukuze singoyiki ukusilela kwenye yazo
          • ngoku unelogi yeLV engafunekiyo kwinkqubo yeVG. Yabela esi sithuba phakathi kwengcambu okanye i-var, kodwa endaweni yokusebenzisa
            uyilo 100% MAHHALA cacisa ubungakanani ngesandla usebenzisa iqhosha -L:

            -L 500M

          • lungisa ingxaki / i-boot ibekwe kwizahlulo ezibini ngaphandle kongqamaniso, akukho mfuneko yokwenza oku ngokuchanekileyo,
            yongezwe apha njengomzekelo. Ungalibali ukukopa imixholo ye/boot kwenye indawo kuqala.
            • yenza uhlaselo olutsha kwaye uquke i-sda1,sda2 kuyo
            • bandakanya ezi zahlulelo kuhlaselo olusele lukhona kwaye ubuyisele / uqalise kuhlaselo oluphambili, kodwa ngaphandle kokuyinyusa.

umthombo: www.habr.com