Ukwenza i-backup application esebenza kuyo nayiphi na i-distribution akukho msebenzi olula. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Veeam Agent ye-Linux isebenza ngokusasazwa kwi-Red Hat 6 kunye ne-Debian 6, ukuya kwi-OpenSUSE 15.1 kunye ne-Ubuntu 19.04, kufuneka uxazulule uluhlu lweengxaki, ngokukodwa ngokuqwalasela ukuba imveliso yesofthiwe ibandakanya imodyuli ye-kernel.
Inqaku lenziwe ngokusekelwe kwizixhobo ezivela kwintetho kwinkomfa .
I-Linux ayisiyonto nje enye yezona nkqubo zisebenzayo. Ngokusisiseko, eli liqonga kwisiseko apho unokwenza into ekhethekileyo, into eyeyakho. Enkosi koku, iLinux inosasazo oluninzi olwahlukileyo kwiseti yamacandelo esoftware. Kwaye nantsi ingxaki ivela: ukwenzela ukuba imveliso yesofthiwe isebenze kuyo nayiphi na ukuhanjiswa, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo iimpawu zomntu ngamnye.
Abaphathi bephakheji. .deb vs .rpm
Masiqale ngengxaki ecacileyo yokusasaza imveliso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza.
Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokusasaza iimveliso zesoftware kukubeka ipakethe kwindawo yokugcina ukuze umphathi wepakethe eyakhelwe kwisistim ayifake ukusuka apho.
Nangona kunjalo, sinefomathi ezimbini zephakheji ezidumileyo: rpm ΠΈ udoti. Oku kuthetha ukuba wonke umntu kuya kufuneka axhase.
Ehlabathini leephakheji ze-deb, inqanaba lokuhambelana liyamangalisa. Iphakheji efanayo ifaka kwaye isebenza ngokulinganayo kuzo zombini i-Debian 6 kunye ne-Ubuntu 19.04. Imigangatho yenkqubo yokwakha iiphakheji kunye nokusebenza kunye nazo, ezibekwe phantsi kwi-Debian yakudala yokusasazwa, zihlala zifanelekile kwi-Linux Mint entsha kunye ne-OS yokuqala. Ngoko ke, kwimeko ye-Agent ye-Veeam ye-Linux, iphakheji enye ye-deb yeqonga ngalinye le-hardware yanele.
Kodwa kwihlabathi leephakheji ze-rpm, umahluko mkhulu. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba kukho abasasazi ababini abazimeleyo ngokupheleleyo, i-Red Hat kunye ne-SUSE, ukuhambelana okungafuneki ngokupheleleyo. Okwesibini, aba basasazi banezixhobo zokusasaza kwezo. inkxaso kunye nokulinga. Akukho mfuneko yokuhambelana phakathi kwabo. Kuye kwavela ukuba i-el6, i-el7 kunye ne-el8 zineephakheji zazo. Yahlula iphakheji yeFedora. Iipakethi ze-SLES11 kunye ne-12 kunye nenye eyahlukileyo ye-openSUSE. Ingxaki ephambili ngabaxhomekeke kunye namagama epakethe.
Ingxaki yokuxhomekeka
Ngelishwa, iipakethe ezifanayo zihlala ziphela phantsi kwamagama ahlukeneyo kunikezelo olwahlukileyo. Apha ngezantsi kukho uluhlu oluyinxenye lokuxhomekeka kwephakheji ye-veeam.
Ye EL7:
Nge-SLES 12:
- libblkid
- libgcc
- libstdc++
- incurses-libs
- fuse-libs
- iifayile-libs
- veeamsnap=3.0.2.1185
- libblkid1
- libgcc_s1
- libstdc++6
- libmagic1
- libfuse2
- veeamsnap-kmp=3.0.2.1185
Ngenxa yoko, uluhlu lokuxhomekeka lulodwa kulwabiwo.
Okona kusiba mbi ngakumbi kuxa inguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo iqala ukuzifihla phantsi kwegama lepakethe endala.
Umzekelo:
Iphakheji ihlaziywe kwi-Fedora 24 iziqalekiso ukusuka kwinguqulo yesi-5 ukuya kwi-6. Imveliso yethu yakhiwe ngenguqulo ye-5 ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokuhanjiswa okudala. Ukusebenzisa i-5th version endala yelayibrari kwi-Fedora 24, kwafuneka ndisebenzise iphakheji ncurses-compat-libs.
Ngenxa yoko, kukho iiphakheji ezimbini zeFedora, ezinokuxhomekeka okwahlukileyo.
Okunye okunomdla ngakumbi. Emva kohlaziyo olulandelayo lokusasazwa, iphakheji ncurses-compat-libs ngohlelo 5 lwethala leencwadi kubonakala ngathi alifumaneki. Kuyabiza ukuba umsasazi arhuqe amathala eencwadi amadala kuguqulelo olutsha losasazo. Emva kwexesha elithile, ingxaki iphinde yaziphinda kunikezelo lwe-SUSE.
Ngenxa yoko, ezinye izinikezelo kuye kwafuneka ziyeke ukuxhomekeka okucacileyo kwazo incurses-libs, kwaye ulungise imveliso ukuze isebenze nalo naluphi na uhlobo lwethala leencwadi.
Ngendlela, kwinguqulo ye-8 ye-Red Hat ayisekho ipakethe yemeta python, eyayibhekisela kubadala abalungileyo i-python 2.7. Kukho python2 ΠΈ python3.
Enye indlela kubaphathi bepakethe
Ingxaki yokuxhomekeka indala kwaye kudala yabonakala. Khumbula nje isihogo sokuxhomekeka.
Ukudibanisa iilayibrari ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo ukuze zonke zisebenze ngokuzinzileyo kwaye zingangqubani - enyanisweni, lo ngumsebenzi nawuphi na umsasazi weLinux azama ukuwusombulula.
Umphathi wephakheji uzama ukusombulula le ngxaki ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Snappy ukusuka kwiCanonical. Ingcamango engundoqo: isicelo siqhuba kwibhokisi yesanti eyodwa kwaye ikhuselwe kwinkqubo engundoqo. Ukuba isicelo sifuna amathala eencwadi, anikezelwa kunye nesicelo ngokwaso.
Flatpak ikwakuvumela ukuba usebenzise usetyenziso kwibhokisi yesanti usebenzisa iMigqomo yeLinux. Ingcamango yebhokisi yesanti iyasetyenziswa AppImage.
Ezi zisombululo zikuvumela ukuba wenze ipakethe enye kuyo nakuphi na ukuhanjiswa. Mhlawumbi ku Flatpak ukufakwa kunye nokuqaliswa kwesicelo kunokwenzeka nangaphandle kolwazi lomlawuli.
Ingxaki enkulu kukuba ayizizo zonke izicelo ezinokusebenza kwibhokisi yesanti. Abanye abantu bafuna ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo eqongeni. Andithethi ngeemodyuli ze-kernel, ezixhomekeke ngokungqongqo kwi-kernel kwaye azingeni kwingqikelelo yebhokisi yesanti.
Ingxaki yesibini kukuba ukuhanjiswa okudumileyo kwindawo yeshishini ukusuka kwi-Red Hat kunye ne-SUSE ayikaqulathanga inkxaso ye-Snappy kunye neFlatpak.
Kule meko, i-Agent yeVeeam yeLinux ayifumaneki hayi kwi .
Ukuqukumbela umbuzo malunga nabaphathi bephakheji, ndingathanda ukuqaphela ukuba kukho ukhetho lokushiya abaphathi bephakheji ngokupheleleyo ngokudibanisa iifayile zokubini kunye neskripthi sokuzifaka kwiphakheji enye.
I-bundle enjalo ikuvumela ukuba wenze iphakheji enye eqhelekileyo yokusabalalisa kunye namaqonga ahlukeneyo, uqhube inkqubo yokufakela edibeneyo, uqhuba ukulungelelaniswa okufunekayo. Ndikhe ndadibana neepakethe ezinjalo zeLinux ezivela kwiVMware.
Hlaziya ingxaki
Nokuba yonke imiba yokuxhomekeka isonjululwe, inkqubo inokuqhuba ngokwahlukileyo kulwabiwo olufanayo. Imalunga nohlaziyo.
Kukho izicwangciso ezi-3 zokuhlaziya:
- Eyona ilula kukuba ungaze uhlaziye. Ndimise umncedisi kwaye ndilibale ngayo. Kutheni uhlaziywa ukuba yonke into isebenza? Iingxaki ziqala okokuqala xa uqhagamshelana nenkxaso. Umyili wosasazo uxhasa kuphela ukhupho oluhlaziyiweyo.
- Unokumthemba umthengisi kwaye usete uhlaziyo oluzenzekelayo. Kule meko, umnxeba wokuxhasa kunokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kohlaziyo olungaphumelelanga.
- Inketho yokuhlaziya ngesandla kuphela emva kokuyiqhuba kwisiseko sovavanyo yeyona nto inokuthenjwa, kodwa iyabiza kwaye ichitha ixesha. Asinguye wonke umntu onokukwazi ukuyihlawula.
Kuba abasebenzisi abohlukeneyo basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlaziya, kuyafuneka ukuxhasa ukukhutshwa kwamva nje kunye nazo zonke ezikhutshwe ngaphambili. Oku kwenza nzima zombini inkqubo yophuhliso kunye nokuvavanya kwaye yongeza iintloko kwiqela lenkxaso.
Iindidi zamaqonga e-hardware
Iiplatifti ezahlukeneyo zehardware yingxaki ethe ngqo kwikhowudi yemveli. Ubuncinci, kufuneka uqokelele iibhinari kwiqonga ngalinye elixhaswayo.
Kwiprojekthi yeVeeam ye-Linux, asikwazi ukuxhasa nantoni na efana nale RISC.
Andizi kuhlala kulo mba banzi. Ndiza kuchaza kuphela iingxaki eziphambili: iintlobo ezixhomekeke kwiqonga, njenge size_t, ulungelelwaniso lwesakhiwo kunye ne-byte order.
Uqhagamshelo oluzinzileyo kunye/okanye oluguquguqukayo
Kodwa umbuzo ngulo "Indlela yokunxibelelana namathala eencwadi - ngamandla okanye ngokwezibalo?" kufanelekile ukuxoxa.
Njengomthetho, izicelo ze-C/C++ phantsi kwe-Linux zisebenzisa ikhonkco eliguquguqukayo. Oku kusebenza kakuhle ukuba isicelo sakhelwe ngokukodwa unikezelo oluthile.
Ukuba umsebenzi kukugubungela izinikezelo ezahlukeneyo ngefayile yokubini enye, ngoko kufuneka ugxininise kolona nikezelo ludala oluxhasiweyo. Kithina, le yi-Red Hat 6. Iqukethe i-gcc 4.4, apho umgangatho we-C ++ 11 awuxhasi. .
Sakha iprojekthi yethu usebenzisa i-gcc 6.3, exhasa ngokupheleleyo i-C ++14. Ngokwemvelo, kule meko, kwi-Red Hat 6 kufuneka uphathe i-libstdc ++ kwaye ukhulise amathala eencwadi nawe. Eyona ndlela ilula kukudibanisa kubo ngokwezibalo.
Kodwa yeha, asingawo onke amathala eencwadi anokunxibelelana ngokwezibalo.
Okokuqala, iilayibrari zesistim ezifana libfuse, libblkid kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwabo kunye ne-kernel kunye neemodyuli zayo.
Okwesibini, kukho ubuqili kunye neelayisensi.
Ilayisensi ye-GPL ngokusisiseko ikuvumela ukuba udibanise amathala eencwadi kuphela ngekhowudi yomthombo ovulekileyo. I-MIT kunye ne-BSD zivumela ukudibanisa okuzinzileyo kwaye zivumele amathala eencwadi ukuba afakwe kwiprojekthi. Kodwa i-LGPL ayibonakali iphikisana nokudibanisa okumileyo, kodwa ifuna ukuba iifayile eziyimfuneko zokudibanisa zabiwe.
Ngokubanzi, ukusebenzisa ikhonkco eliguquguqukayo kuya kukuthintela ekubeni unikeze nantoni na.
Ukwakha C/C++ izicelo
Ukwakha izicelo zeC / C ++ zamaqonga ahlukeneyo kunye nokuhanjiswa, kwanele ukukhetha okanye ukwakha inguqu efanelekileyo ye-gcc kunye nokusebenzisa abaqulunqi be-cross-compilers kwizakhiwo ezithile kunye nokudibanisa yonke isethi yamathala eencwadi. Lo msebenzi unokwenzeka, kodwa unzima kakhulu. Kwaye akukho siqinisekiso sokuba umqokeleli okhethiweyo kunye namathala eencwadi aya kubonelela ngoguqulelo olusebenzayo.
Inzuzo ebonakalayo: isiseko senziwe lula kakhulu, ekubeni yonke inkqubo yokwakha ingagqitywa kumatshini omnye. Ukongeza, kwanele ukuqokelela iseti enye yeebhinari zolwakhiwo olunye kwaye ungazipakisha kwiipakethi zonikezelo olwahlukileyo. Le yindlela iiphakheji ze-veeam ezakhelwa ngayo i-Agent ye-Veeam ye-Linux.
Ngokuchaseneyo nolu khetho, ungalungisa nje ifama yokwakha, oko kukuthi, oomatshini abaninzi bokudibanisa. Umatshini ngamnye onjalo uya kubonelela ngokuqulunqwa kwesicelo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwephakheji yokusabalalisa okuthe ngqo kunye nolwakhiwo oluthile. Kule meko, ukuhlanganiswa kuqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezilungiselelwe ngumthengisi. Oko kukuthi, inqanaba lokulungiselela umqokeleli kunye nokukhetha amathala eencwadi kupheliswa. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokwakha inokuhambelana ngokulula.
Kukho, nangona kunjalo, icala elisezantsi kule ndlela: kunikezelo ngalunye ngaphakathi kolwakhiwo olufanayo, kuya kufuneka uqokelele iseti yakho yeefayile zokubini. Enye into engalunganga kukuba inani elikhulu loomatshini kufuneka ligcinwe kwaye isixa esikhulu sediski kunye ne-RAM kufuneka inikezelwe.
Le yindlela iipakethe ze-KMOD zemodyuli ye-kernel ye-veeamsnap eziqokelelwa ngayo unikezelo lwe-Red Hat.
Vula iNkonzo yoKwakha
Abalingane abavela kwi-SUSE bazama ukuphumeza umgangatho ophakathi ngendlela yenkonzo ekhethekileyo yokuqulunqa izicelo kunye nokudibanisa iipakethe - .
Ngokusisiseko, yi-hypervisor eyenza umatshini obonakalayo, ifake zonke iipakethe eziyimfuneko kuyo, iqulunqe isicelo kwaye yakha ipakethe kule ndawo izimeleyo, emva koko umatshini wenyani ukhutshwe.
Umcwangcisi ophunyeziweyo kwi-OpenBuildService uya kumisela ukuba bangaphi na oomatshini abanenyani enokubasungula ngesantya esisiso sokwakha iphakheji. Indlela yokusayina eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi iya kusayina iipakethe kwaye ilayishe kwindawo yokugcina eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Inkqubo yolawulo lwenguqulo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi iya kugcina imbali yotshintsho kunye nokwakha. Konke okuseleyo kukongeza ngokulula imithombo yakho kule nkqubo. Awunyanzelekanga nokuba usete iseva ngokwakho; ungasebenzisa evulekileyo.
Kukho, nangona kunjalo, ingxaki: isivuni esinjalo kunzima ukungena kwisiseko esikhoyo. Umzekelo, ulawulo lwenguqulelo aludingeki; sele sinazo ezethu iikhowudi zomthombo. Indlela yethu yokutyikitya yahlukile: sisebenzisa iseva ekhethekileyo. Indawo yokugcina izinto nayo ayidingeki.
Ukongezelela, inkxaso kwezinye izabelo - umzekelo, i-Red Hat - iphunyezwa kunokuba ingalunganga, eqondakalayo.
Inzuzo yenkonzo enjalo yinkxaso ekhawulezayo yoguqulelo olulandelayo losasazo lwe-SUSE. Phambi kokubhengezwa ngokusemthethweni kokukhutshwa, iipakethe eziyimfuneko kwindibano zithunyelwa kwindawo yokugcina uluntu. Entsha ivela kuluhlu losasazo olukhoyo kwi-OpenBuildService. Sijonga ibhokisi kwaye yongezwa kwisicwangciso sokwakha. Ngaloo ndlela, ukongeza uguqulelo olutsha losasazo lwenziwa phantse kunqakrazo olunye.
Kwisiseko sethu, sisebenzisa i-OpenBuildService, zonke iindidi zeepakethe ze-KMP zemodyuli ye-kernel ye-veeamsnap yokuhanjiswa kwe-SUSE ihlanganiswe.
Okulandelayo, ndingathanda ukuhlala kwimiba ethile kwiimodyuli ze-kernel.
i-kernel ABI
Iimodyuli ze-Linux kernel ngokwembali ziye zasasazwa kwifom yomthombo. Inyaniso kukuba abadali be-kernel abazithwali umthwalo ngokukhathazeka kokuxhasa i-API ezinzileyo kwiimodyuli ze-kernel, kwaye ngokukodwa kwinqanaba le-binary, elibizwa ngokuba yi-kABI.
Ukwakha imodyuli ye-vanilla kernel, ngokuqinisekileyo ufuna iiheader zale kernel, kwaye iya kusebenza kuphela kule kernel.
I-DKMS ikuvumela ukuba wenze ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yokwakha iimodyuli xa uhlaziya i-kernel. Ngenxa yoko, abasebenzisi be-Debian repository (kunye nezihlobo zayo ezininzi) basebenzisa iimodyuli ze-kernel nokuba zisuka kwindawo yokugcina umsasazi okanye zihlanganiswe ukusuka kumthombo usebenzisa i-DKMS.
Nangona kunjalo, le meko ayihambelani ngokukodwa necandelo leShishini. Abasasazi bekhowudi yobunini bafuna ukusasaza imveliso njengoko kuqokelelweyo okubini.
Abalawuli abafuni ukugcina izixhobo zophuhliso kwiiseva zemveliso ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko. Abasasazi beLinux yoShishino njengeRed Hat kunye ne-SUSE bagqibe ekubeni banokuxhasa i-kABI ezinzileyo kubasebenzisi babo. Isiphumo yaba ziiphakheji ze-KMOD zeRed Hat kunye neephakheji ze-KMP ze-SUSE.
Umongo wesi sisombululo ulula kakhulu. Kuguqulelo oluthile lonikezelo, i-kernel API ingumkhenkce. Umsasazi uthi usebenzisa i-kernel, umzekelo, i-3.10, kwaye wenza izilungiso kuphela kunye nokuphuculwa okungachaphazeli i-interfaces ye-kernel, kwaye iimodyuli eziqokelelwe kwi-kernel yokuqala kakhulu zingasetyenziselwa zonke ezilandelayo ngaphandle kokubuyisela.
I-Red Hat ibango lokuhambelana kwe-kABI yokusasazwa kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi bayo. Oko kukuthi, imodyuli edibeneyo ye-rhel 6.0 (ikhutshwe ngoNovemba 2010) kufuneka iphinde isebenze kwi-version 6.10 (ikhutshwe ngoJuni 2018). Kwaye oku kuphantse kube yi-8 iminyaka. Ngokwemvelo, lo msebenzi unzima kakhulu.
Sirekhode iimeko ezininzi apho imodyuli ye-veeamsnap yayeka ukusebenza ngenxa yemicimbi yokuhambelana kwe-kABI.
Emva kokuba imodyuli ye-veeamsnap, ehlanganiswe kwi-RHEL 7.0, yajika ingahambelani ne-kernel esuka kwi-RHEL 7.5, kodwa ilayishiwe kwaye yaqinisekiswa ukuba iphazamise umncedisi, siye sayeka ukusetyenziswa kwe-kABI ukuhambelana kwe-RHEL 7 ngokupheleleyo.
Okwangoku, iphakheji ye-KMOD ye-RHEL 7 iqulethe indibano yenguqulelo nganye yokukhupha kunye neskripthi esilayisha imodyuli.
I-SUSE isondele kumsebenzi wokuhambelana kwe-kABI ngononophelo ngakumbi. Babonelela ngokuhambelana kwe-kABI kuphela kwipakethi yenkonzo enye.
Ngokomzekelo, ukukhululwa kwe-SLES 12 kwenzeka ngoSeptemba 2014. Kwaye i-SLES 12 SP1 yayisele ivele ngoDisemba 2015, oko kukuthi, isithuba esingaphezu konyaka sidlulile. Nangona zombini ukukhutshwa kusebenzisa i-3.12 kernel, i-kABI ayihambelani. Ngokucacileyo, ukugcina ukuhambelana kwe-kABI unyaka nje kulula kakhulu. Umjikelo wohlaziyo lwemodyuli ye-kernel yonyaka akufuneki ubangele iingxaki kubadali bemodyuli.
Njengomphumo walo mgaqo-nkqubo we-SUSE, asibhalanga ngxaki enye ngokuhambelana kwe-kABI kwimodyuli yethu ye-veeamsnap. Yinyani, inani lepakethe ze-SUSE liphantse lilingane nomyalelo wobukhulu.
Iipetshi kunye nee-backports
Nangona abasasazi bezama ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwe-kABI kunye nokuzinza kwe-kernel, baphinde bazame ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuphelisa iziphene zale kernel ezinzile.
Kwangaxeshanye, ukongeza kwabo "umsebenzi kwiimpazamo," abaphuhlisi beshishini leLinux kernel esweni utshintsho kwi-vanilla kernel kwaye bayidlulisele kwi "stable" yabo.
Ngamanye amaxesha oku kukhokelela ezintsha .
Ekukhutshweni kwamva nje kwe-Red Hat 6, kwenziwa iphutha kwelinye lohlaziyo oluncinci. Ikhokelele kwinto yokuba imodyuli ye-veeamsnap iqinisekisiwe ukuba iyantlitheka inkqubo xa i-snapshot ikhutshwe. Emva kokuthelekisa imithombo ye-kernel ngaphambi nasemva kohlaziyo, safumanisa ukuba i-backport yayinetyala. Ukulungiswa okufanayo kwenziwa kwi-vanilla kernel version 4.19. Kuphela nje ukuba oku kulungiswa kusebenze kakuhle kwi-vanilla kernel, kodwa xa uyidlulisela "kwi-stable" 2.6.32, kwavela ingxaki nge-spinlock.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, wonke umntu uhlala eneempazamo, kodwa ngaba kwakufanelekile ukutsala ikhowudi ukusuka kwi-4.19 ukuya kwi-2.6.32, umngcipheko uzinzo?.. Andiqinisekanga...
Eyona nto imbi kakhulu kuxa ukuthengisa kubandakanyeka kumlo phakathi βkokuzinzaβ kunye βnenkqubo yanamhlanje.β Isebe lokuthengisa lidinga ingundoqo yokusabalalisa okuhlaziyiweyo ukuba lizinzile, kwelinye icala, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo libe ngcono ekusebenzeni kwaye libe neempawu ezintsha. Oku kukhokelela ekulalaneni okungaqhelekanga.
Xa ndizama ukwakha imodyuli kwi-kernel 4.4 ukusuka kwi-SLES 12 SP3, ndothuka ukufumana ukusebenza kwi-vanilla 4.8 kuyo. Ngokombono wam, ukuphunyezwa kwe-block I / O ye-4.4 kernel esuka kwi-SLES 12 SP3 ifana kakhulu ne-4.8 kernel kunokukhutshwa kwangaphambili kwe-stable 4.4 kernel kwi-SLES12 SP2. Andikwazi ukugweba ukuba yiyiphi ipesenti yekhowudi edluliselwe kwi-kernel 4.8 ukuya kwi-SLES 4.4 ye-SP3, kodwa andinako ukubiza i-kernel i-stable efanayo 4.4.
Eyona nto ingathandekiyo malunga noku kukuba xa ubhala imodyuli eya kusebenza ngokulinganayo kwiinkozo ezahlukeneyo, awusakwazi ukuxhomekeka kuguqulelo lwekernel. Kufuneka kwakhona uthathele ingqalelo ukuhanjiswa. Kulungile ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ungabandakanyeka kwinkcazo ebonakala kunye nokusebenza okutsha, kodwa eli thuba alisoloko livela.
Ngenxa yoko, ikhowudi iba yimithetho engaqhelekanga yokuhlanganiswa kwemiqathango.
Kukho neepetshi ezitshintsha i-kernel API ebhaliweyo.
Ndadibana nokuhanjiswa 5.16 kwaye wamangaliswa kakhulu ukubona ukuba i-lookup_bdev ifowuni kule nguqulo ye-kernel itshintshe uluhlu lweeparamitha zokufaka.
Ukuyidibanisa, kuye kwafuneka ndongeze iskripthi kwifayile ejonga ukuba umsebenzi we lookup_bdev une parameter yemaski.
Ukusayina iimodyuli zekernel
Kodwa masibuyele kumbandela wokuhanjiswa kwephakheji.
Enye yeenzuzo ze-kABI ezinzileyo kukuba iimodyuli ze-kernel zinokusayinwa njengefayile yokubini. Kule meko, umphuhlisi unokuqiniseka ukuba imodyuli ayonakaliswanga ngengozi okanye iguqulwe ngabom. Ungajonga oku ngomyalelo we-modinfo.
Unikezelo lwe-Red Hat kunye ne-SUSE likuvumela ukuba ujonge utyikityo lwemodyuli kwaye uyilayishe kuphela ukuba isatifikethi esihambelanayo sibhalisiwe kwisistim. Isatifikethi sisitshixo sikawonke-wonke apho imodyuli isayinwe khona. Sisasaza njengephakheji eyahlukileyo.
Ingxaki apha kukuba izatifikethi zinokwakhelwa kwi kernel (abanikezeli bayazisebenzisa) okanye kufuneka zibhalwe kwi EFI kwinkumbulo engaguquguqukiyo kusetyenziswa into eluncedo. mokutil. Uncedo mokutil Xa ufaka isatifikethi, sifuna ukuba uqalise kwakhona inkqubo kwaye, nangaphambi kokuba ulayishe i-kernel yenkqubo yokusebenza, ikhuthaza umlawuli ukuba avumele ukulayishwa kwesatifikethi esitsha.
Ke, ukongeza isatifikethi kufuna ukufikelela kumlawuli womzimba kwisistim. Ukuba umatshini ubekwe kwindawo ethile efini okanye kwigumbi elikude lomncedisi kwaye ukufikelela kuphela ngenethiwekhi (umzekelo, nge-ssh), ngoko akuyi kuba nzima ukongeza isatifikethi.
I-EFI koomatshini benyani
Nangona i-EFI sele ixhaswe phantse bonke abavelisi be-motherboard, xa ufaka inkqubo, umlawuli akanakucinga ngesidingo se-EFI, kwaye inokukhutshazwa.
Ayizizo zonke ii-hypervisors ezixhasa i-EFI. I-VMWare vSphere ixhasa i-EFI ukuqala kwinguqulo yesi-5.
IMicrosoft Hyper-V ikwafumene inkxaso ye-EFI eqala ngeHyper-V yeWindows Server 2012R2.
Nangona kunjalo, kuqwalaselo olungagqibekanga olu sebenziso luvaliwe koomatshini beLinux, okuthetha ukuba isatifikethi asinakufakwa.
Kwi-vSphere 6.5, seta ukhetho Boot Safe inokwenzeka kuphela kuguqulelo oludala lojongano lwewebhu, olusebenza ngeFlash. I-Web UI kwi-HTML-5 isekude ngasemva.
Unikezelo lovavanyo
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, makhe siqwalasele umba wovavanyo lokusasazwa kunye nokuhanjiswa ngaphandle kwenkxaso esemthethweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhanjiswa okunjalo akunakwenzeka ukuba kufumaneke kwiiseva zemibutho enzulu. Akukho nkxaso isemthethweni yokuhanjiswa okunjalo. Ngoko ke, nika ezo. Imveliso ayinakuxhaswa kunikezelo olunjalo.
Nangona kunjalo, unikezelo olunjalo luba liqonga elifanelekileyo lokuzama izisombululo ezintsha zovavanyo. Umzekelo, iFedora, i-OpenSUSE Tumbleweed okanye iinguqulelo ezingazinzanga zeDebian. Azinzile. Bahlala beneenguqulelo ezintsha zeenkqubo kwaye bahlala beyi-kernel entsha. Ngonyaka, lo msebenzi wokulinga unokuphela kwi-RHEL ehlaziyiweyo, i-SLES okanye Ubuntu.
Ngoko ukuba kukho into engasebenziyo ekuhanjisweni kovavanyo, esi sizathu sokufumana ingxaki kwaye uyisombulule. Kufuneka ulungiselele into yokuba oku kusebenza kuya kubonakala ngokukhawuleza kwiiseva zemveliso zabasebenzisi.
Unokufunda uluhlu lwangoku lonikezelo oluxhaswa ngokusemthethweni lwenguqulo 3.0 . Kodwa uluhlu lwangempela lokusasazwa apho imveliso yethu inokusebenza ibanzi kakhulu.
Ngokomntu, ndandinomdla kuvavanyo lwe-Elbrus OS. Emva kokugqiba iphakheji ye-veeam, imveliso yethu yafakwa kwaye yasebenza. Ndabhala ngolu lingelo kuHabrΓ© in .
Ewe, inkxaso yonikezelo olutsha iyaqhubeka. Silindele ukukhululwa kwe-4.0. I-Beta sele iza kuvela, ke hlala ujonge !
umthombo: www.habr.com