Namhlanje, phantse wonke umntu unefowuni ephaketheni lakhe (i-smartphone, ifowuni yekhamera, ithebhulethi) enokugqithisa ideskithophu yakho yasekhaya, ongayihlaziyo iminyaka emininzi, ngokumalunga nokusebenza. Yonke igajethi onayo inebhetri ye-lithium polymer. Ngoku umbuzo ngulo: nguwuphi umfundi oya kukhumbula ngokuchanekileyo xa utshintsho olungenakuguqulwa ukusuka kwi "dialer" ukuya kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezininzi zenzeke?
Kunzima ... Kufuneka ugxininise imemori yakho, khumbula unyaka othenge ifowuni yakho yokuqala "ehlakaniphile". Kum imalunga ne-2008-2010. Ngelo xesha, umthamo webhetri ye-lithium kwifowuni eqhelekileyo yayimalunga ne-700 mAh ngoku amandla eebhetri zefowuni afikelela kwi-4 lamawaka mAh.
Ukunyuka kwamandla ngamaxesha angama-6, nangona ukuba, ngokuthetha, ubukhulu bebhetri bunyuke ngamaxesha angama-2 kuphela.
Njengathi , izisombululo ze-lithium-ion ze-UPS ziyoyisa ngokukhawuleza imarike, zinenani leenzuzo ezingenakuphikiswa kwaye (ingakumbi kwigumbi lomncedisi).
Bahlobo, namhlanje siza kuzama ukuqonda kunye nokuthelekisa izisombululo ezisekelwe kwi-iron-lithium phosphate (LFP) kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-manganese (LMO), sifunde iinzuzo zabo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle, kwaye uthelekise omnye nomnye ngokwenani lezalathisi ezithile. Makhe ndikukhumbuze ukuba zombini iintlobo zeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri ze-lithium-polymer, kodwa zihluke kwimichiza. Ukuba unomdla wokuqhubeka, nceda, phantsi kwekati.
Amathuba obuchwepheshe be-lithium ekugcinweni kwamandla
Imeko yangoku kwiRussian Federation ngo-2017 yayimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
Ukusebenzisa umthombo: "Ingcamango yokuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zokugcina umbane kwi-Russian Federation," i-Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, i-21 ka-Agasti ka-2017.
Njengoko ubona, iteknoloji ye-lithium-ion ngelo xesha yayihamba phambili ekusondeleni iteknoloji yokuvelisa imveliso (ikakhulukazi iteknoloji ye-LFP).
Okulandelayo, makhe sijonge iindlela zase-United States, okanye ngokuthe ngqo, siqwalasele inguqulelo yamva nje yoxwebhu:
Isalathiso: I-ABBM luluhlu lwamandla obonelelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo, olusetyenziswa kwishishini lamandla ombane:
- Ukugcinwa kombane ngokukodwa kubasebenzisi ababalulekileyo xa kukho ukuphazamiseka kunikezelo lombane kwiimfuno zabo (SN) 0,4 kV kwisitishi esingaphantsi (PS).
- Njengesixhobo se-“buffer” seminye imithombo.
- Imbuyekezo yokunqongophala kombane ngexesha lokusetyenziswa okuphezulu ukukhulula ukuveliswa kombane kunye nezibonelelo zokuhambisa umbane.
- Ukuqokelela kwamandla emini xa ixabiso layo liphantsi (ixesha lasebusuku).
Njengoko sinokubona, iteknoloji ye-Li-Ion ibambe ngokuqinileyo indawo ehamba phambili njenge-2016 kwaye ibonise ukukhula okukhawulezayo okuphindaphindiweyo kumandla omabini (MW) kunye namandla (MWh).
Kwakolu xwebhu lunye sinokufunda oku kulandelayo:
"Iitekhnoloji ze-Lithium-ion zimele ngaphezu kwe-80% yamandla ongezelelweyo kunye namandla avela kwiinkqubo ze-ABBM e-United States ekupheleni kwe-2016. Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zinomjikelo osebenza kakhulu wokutshaja kwaye zikhupha amandla aqokelelweyo ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, banoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu (ubuninzi bamandla, inqaku lombhali) kunye nemisinga ephezulu, nto leyo ekhokelele ekukhetheni kwabo njengeebhetri zee-elektroniki eziphathwayo kunye nezithuthi zombane.
Makhe sizame ukuthelekisa ezimbini iitekhnoloji zebhetri ye-lithium-ion kwi-UPS
Siza kuthelekisa iiseli zeprismatic ezakhiwe kwi-LMO kunye ne-LFP chemistry. Zizo ezi teknoloji zimbini (kunye nokwahluka okunje nge-LMO-NMC) ngoku iluyilo oluphambili lwemizi-mveliso yeemoto ezahlukeneyo zombane kunye nezithuthi zombane.
Ukuthotywa kwengoma kwiibhetri kwizithuthi zombane kunokufundwa aphaUyabuza, ingaba izithuthi zombane zinento yokwenza nayo? Makhe ndichaze: ukusabalala okusebenzayo kwezithuthi zombane usebenzisa i-Li-Ion teknoloji sele kudlule ixesha elide leeprototypes. Kwaye njengoko sisazi, zonke itekhnoloji zamva nje ziza kuthi zivela kwiindawo ezibizayo, ezintsha zobomi. Ngokomzekelo, ubuninzi bezobuchwepheshe beemoto beza kuthi ukusuka kwiFomula 1, ezininzi iteknoloji entsha yafika ebomini bethu ukusuka kwicandelo lendawo, njalo njalo ... Ngoko ke, ngokombono wethu, iteknoloji ye-lithium-ion ngoku ingena kwizisombululo zoshishino.
Makhe sijonge itafile yokuthelekisa phakathi kwabavelisi abaphambili, ikhemistri yebhetri kunye neenkampani zeemoto ngokwazo ezivelisa ngenkuthalo izithuthi zombane (imixube).
Siza kukhetha iiseli zeprismatic kuphela ezilingana nefom yefom yokusetyenziswa kwi-UPS. Njengoko ubona, i-lithium titanate (i-LTO-NMC) ngumntu ongaphandle ngokubhekiselele kumandla athile agciniweyo. Kushiyeke abavelisi abathathu beeseli zeprismatic ezilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizisombululo zamashishini, ngakumbi iibhetri ze-UPS.
Ndiya kucaphula kwaye ndiguqulele kuxwebhu "Uvavanyo lomjikelo wobomi bobomi obude be-lithium electrode yebhetri yemoto yombane- iseli ye-LEAF, i-Tesla kunye ne-VOLVO iibhasi" (Original "Uvavanyo lomjikelo wobomi bobomi obude be-lithium electrode yebhetri yemoto yombane- iseli ye-LEAF , Tesla kunye nebhasi yeVolvo "ngomhla we-11 kaDisemba 2017 evela kuMats Zackrisson. Ngokukodwa ihlola iinkqubo zekhemikhali kwiibhetri zemoto, impembelelo yokunyakaza kunye neemeko zokusebenza zemozulu, kunye nokulimala kokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ibinzana elinomdla malunga nokuthelekisa yetekhnoloji ezimbini zebhetri ye-lithium-ion.
Kwinguqulelo yam yasimahla ibonakala ngolu hlobo:
Itekhnoloji ye-NMC ibonisa impembelelo ephantsi yokusingqongileyo ngekhilomitha yemoto nganye kuneteknoloji ye-LFP ene-anode yentsimbi yeseli, kodwa kunzima ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa iimpazamo. Ingcinga ephambili yile: ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu e-NMC kubangela ubunzima obuphantsi kwaye ngaloo ndlela kusezantsi ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
1) Itekhnoloji yePrismatic cell LMO, umenzi , ixabisa ii-$400.
Imbonakalo yeseli ye-LMO
2) I-Prismatic cell LFP iteknoloji, umenzi , ixabisa ii-$160.
Ukubonakala kweseli ye-LFP
3) Ukuthelekisa, masiyongeze ibhetri yokugcina inqwelomoya eyakhelwe kwitekhnoloji ye-LFP kunye naleyo ithathe inxaxheba kwihlazo elimangalisayo. , umenzi True Blue Power.
Imbonakalo yebhetri ye-TB44
4) Ukwenzela izinto, masiyongeze ibhetri ye-UPS eqhelekileyo
Imbonakalo yebhetri ye-UPS yakudala
Masibeke idatha yomthombo kwitafile.
Njengoko sinokubona, ngokwenene, iiseli ze-LMO zinamandla aphezulu okukhokela amandla ubuncinane ngokuphindwe kabini kunokonga amandla.
Kucacile kuwo wonke umntu ukuba inkqubo ye-BMS yoluhlu lwebhetri ye-Li-Ion iya kongeza ubunzima kwesi sisombululo, oko kukuthi, kuya kunciphisa amandla athile malunga neepesenti ze-20 (umahluko phakathi kobunzima beebhetri kunye nesisombululo esipheleleyo. kuthathelwa ingqalelo iinkqubo zeBMS, iqokobhe lemodyuli, isilawuli sekhabhathi yebhetri). Ubunzima bee-jumpers, ukutshintshwa kwebhetri kunye nekhabhinethi yebhetri kuthathwa njengemeko elinganayo kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye nebhetri yebhetri ye-lead-acid.
Ngoku makhe sizame ukuthelekisa iiparamitha ezibaliweyo. Kule meko, siya kwamkela ubunzulu bokukhutshwa kwesikhokelo njenge-70%, kunye ne-Li-Ion njenge-90%.
Qaphela ukuba amandla athile aphantsi kwibhetri yenqwelomoya ngenxa yokuba ibhetri ngokwayo (enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengemodyuli) ifakwe kwi-casing yensimbi engenamlilo, ineziqhagamshelo kunye nenkqubo yokufudumala yokusebenza kwiimeko eziphantsi zokushisa. Ukuthelekisa, isibalo sinikezelwa kwiseli enye kwibhetri ye-TB44, apho sinokugqiba ukuba iimpawu zifana neseli ye-LFP eqhelekileyo. Ukongezelela, ibhetri yenqwelo-moya yenzelwe ukuhlawula okuphezulu / ukukhupha imisinga, ehambelana nesidingo sokulungiselela ngokukhawuleza inqwelomoya kwinqwelomoya entsha emhlabeni kunye nokukhutshwa okukhulu kwangoku xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo ebhodini, umzekelo, ukulahleka kwamandla ebhodini
Ngendlela, yile ndlela umenzi ngokwakhe athelekisa ngayo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri zeenqwelomoya
Njengoko sibona kwiitafile:
I-1) Amandla ekhabhinethi yebhetri kwimeko yeteknoloji ye-LMO iphezulu.
2) Inani leebhetri ze-LFP liphezulu.
I-3) Ubunzima obuthile be-LFP buncinci ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nomthamo ofanayo, ikhabhinethi yebhetri esekelwe kwi-iron-lithium phosphate technology inkulu.
I-4) I-teknoloji ye-LFP iyancipha kakhulu ekubalekeni kwe-thermal, ngenxa yokwakheka kweekhemikhali. Ngenxa yoko, igqalwa njengekhuselekile ngokwentelekiso.
Kwabo bafuna ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinokudityaniswa njani kwibhetri ye-battery ukuze isebenze ne-UPS, ndincoma ukujonga apha.Umzekelo, lo mzobo. Kule meko, ubunzima beebhetri buya kuba ngama-340 kg, umthamo uya kuba yi-100 ampere-iiyure.
Okanye isekethe ye-LFP 160S2P, apho ubunzima beebhetri buya kuba yi-512 kg kwaye umthamo uya kuba yi-200 ampere-iiyure.
ISIPHELO: Nangona iibhetri ezine-chemistry ye-iron-lithium phosphate (LiFeO4, LFP) zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi zombane, iimpawu zabo zineenzuzo ezininzi ngaphezu kwe-LMO ye-chemical formula, zivumela ukutshaja kwi-current ephezulu, kwaye zincinci. kumngcipheko wokubaleka ngokushushu. Luluphi uhlobo lweebhetri olukhethayo oluhlala luhlala kwingqiqo yomthengisi wesisombululo esihlanganisiweyo esenziwe eselenziwe, ngubani omisela oku ngokwenani leenqobo, kwaye kungeyona nto incinci yeendleko zebhetri njengenxalenye ye-UPS. Okwangoku, naluphi na uhlobo lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion lusephantsi kweendleko kwizisombululo zeklasikhi, kodwa amandla athile aphezulu eebhetri ze-lithium ngeyunithi yobunzima kunye nemilinganiselo emincinci iya kugxininisa ukhetho olubhekiselele kwizixhobo ezintsha zokugcina amandla. Kwezinye iimeko, ubunzima obusezantsi be-UPS bumisela ukhetho olubhekiselele kubuchwephesha obutsha. Le nkqubo iya kwenzeka ingabonakali ngokupheleleyo, kwaye okwangoku iphazamiseka kwiindleko eziphezulu kwicandelo eliphantsi lexabiso (izisombululo zendlu) kunye ne-inertia yokucinga malunga nokhuseleko lomlilo we-lithium phakathi kwabathengi abafuna iinketho ezilungileyo ze-UPS kwi-UPS yoshishino. icandelo elinomthamo ongaphezulu kwe-100 kVA. Inqanaba eliphakathi lamandla e-UPS ukusuka kwi-3 kVA ukuya kwi-100 kVA inokuphunyezwa kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-lithium-ion, kodwa ngenxa yemveliso encinci, ibiza kakhulu kwaye ingaphantsi kwiimodeli ze-serial ze-UPS esele zenziwe kusetyenziswa iibhetri zeVRLA.
Unokufumana iinkcukacha ezingakumbi kwaye uxoxe ngesisombululo esithile usebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kwigumbi lakho lomncedisi okanye iziko ledatha ngokuthumela isicelo nge-imeyile. , okanye ngokwenza isicelo kwiwebhusayithi yenkampani .
I-TEKNOLOJI EVULAYO -Izisombululo ezibanzi ezithembekileyo ezivela kwiinkokeli zehlabathi, ezilungiselelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiinjongo zakho kunye neenjongo.
umbhali: Kulikov Oleg
INjineli yoYilo oluKhokelayo
Isebe leZisombululo zoManyano
Inkampani ye-Open Technologies
umthombo: www.habr.com
