Kwisixhobo ngasinye se-Kubernetes, ungaqwalasela iintlobo ezimbini zeemfuno - Izicelo kunye neMida. Eyokuqala ichaza iimfuno ezincinci zokufumaneka kwezibonelelo ze-node zamahhala eziyimfuneko ukuqhuba isitya okanye i-pod, okwesibini ikhawulela ngokungqongqo izibonelelo ezikhoyo kwisitya.
Xa i-Kubernetes icwangcisa iipod, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba izitya zinezixhobo ezaneleyo zokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba uceba ukuhambisa isicelo esikhulu kwi-node enobuncwane, kunokwenzeka ukuba ayiyi kuqhuba ngenxa yokuba i-node iyancipha kwimemori okanye iphelelwa amandla e-CPU. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga indlela onokusombulula ngayo ukunqongophala kwamandla ekhompyuter usebenzisa izicelo zemithombo kunye nemida.
Izicelo kunye neMida ziindlela ezisetyenziswa nguKubernetes ukulawula izixhobo ezifana ne-CPU kunye nememori. Izicelo zizo eziqinisekisa ukuba isikhongozeli siyasifumana isibonelelo esiceliweyo. Ukuba i-container icela i-resource, i-Kubernetes iya kuyicwangcisa kuphela kwi-node enokubonelela ngayo. Imida ilawula ukuba izibonelelo ezicelwe sisingxobo azinakuze zidlule kwixabiso elithile.
Isingxobo sinokwandisa kuphela amandla aso ekhompyutheni ukuya kutsho kumda othile, emva koko siya kulinganiselwa. Makhe sibone ukuba isebenza njani. Ngoko ke, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo - iprosesa kunye nememori. Umcwangcisi weKubernetes usebenzisa idatha malunga nezi zixhobo ukufumanisa ukuba ungaqhuba phi iipods zakho. Ubalulo oluqhelekileyo lwesixhobo sepod lukhangeleka ngolu hlobo.
Isikhongozeli ngasinye esikwipod singaseta imibuzo kunye nemida yaso, sisongezo. Izibonelelo zeprosesa zichazwe kwimillicores. Ukuba i-container yakho idinga ii-cores ezimbini ezigcweleyo ukuze ziqhube, ubeka ixabiso kwi-2000m. Ukuba isitya sidinga kuphela amandla e-1/4 ye-core, ixabiso liya kuba yi-250m. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ukuba wabela ixabiso lesixhobo se-CPU ngaphezulu kwenani lee-cores zeyona node inkulu, i-pod yakho ayiyi kucwangciswa ukuba iqale kwaphela. Imeko efanayo iya kwenzeka ukuba unePod efuna ii-cores ezine, kwaye i-Kubernetes cluster ibandakanya oomatshini ababini kuphela abaphambili.
Ngaphandle kokuba isicelo sakho siyilelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukusebenzisa ii-cores ezininzi (iinkqubo ezifana ne-computing yenzululwazi entsonkothileyo kunye nokusebenza kwedathabheyisi kuza engqondweni), ngoko eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuseta izicelo ze-CPU ukuya ku-1 okanye usezantsi kwaye emva koko uqhube iireplicas ezininzi ukuya kwi-scalability. Esi sisombululo siya kunika inkqubo ukuguquguquka okukhulu kunye nokuthembeka.
Xa kufikwa kwimida ye-CPU, izinto ziba nomdla ngakumbi kuba ithathwa njengesixhobo esicinezelekayo. Ukuba isicelo sakho siqala ukusondela kumda wamandla eprosesa, iKubernetes iya kuqalisa ukucothisa isikhongozeli sakho usebenzisa i-CPU Throttling-ehlisa ubuninzi beprosesa. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-CPU iya kunyanzeliswa ngokufanelekileyo, inika isicelo ukuba sisebenze kakhulu, kodwa inkqubo ayiyi kupheliswa okanye ikhutshwe.
Izixhobo zememori zichazwa ngee-bytes. Ngokuqhelekileyo ixabiso kwiseto lilinganiswa kwi-mebibytes Mib, kodwa unokuseta naliphi na ixabiso, ukusuka kwi-bytes ukuya kwi-petabytes. Imeko efanayo iyasebenza apha njenge-CPU - ukuba ubeka isicelo sobungakanani bememori enkulu kunomthamo wememori kwiindawo zakho, loo pod ayiyi kucwangciswa ukuba iqhutywe. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ze-CPU, imemori ayicinezelekanga kuba akukho ndlela yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ke ngoko, ukwenziwa kwesikhongozeli kuya kunqunyanyiswa kamsinya nje ukuba kudlule inkumbulo eyabelwe yona.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba awukwazi ukuqwalasela izicelo ezidlula izibonelelo ezinokubonelela ngeenodi zakho. Inkcazelo yezibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo koomatshini benyani be-GKE inokufumaneka kwiikhonkco ezingezantsi kule vidiyo.
Kwilizwe elilungileyo, useto olungagqibekanga lwesikhongozeli lunokwanela ukugcina ukuhamba komsebenzi kuhamba kakuhle. Kodwa ihlabathi lokwenyani alinjalo, abantu banokulibala ngokulula ukuqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, okanye abahlaseli baya kubeka izicelo kunye nezithintelo ezidlula ubunakho bokwenyani besiseko. Ukuthintela ezo meko ukuba zingenzeki, ungaqwalasela iResourceQuota kunye neLimitRange resource quotas.
Nje ukuba isithuba segama senziwe, sinokuvaleka kusetyenziswa izabelo. Umzekelo, ukuba uneendawo zamagama ze-prod kunye ne-dev, ipateni yeyokuba akukho mveliso kwaphela kwaye i-quotas yophuhliso engqongqo kakhulu. Oku kuvumela i-prod, xa kukho ukunyuka okubukhali kwi-traffic, ukuba ithathe yonke into ekhoyo, ivalele ngokupheleleyo i-dev.
Isabelo sobutyebi sinokujongeka ngolu hlobo. Kulo mzekelo kukho amacandelo ama-4 - le yimigca emi-4 esezantsi yekhowudi.
Makhe sijonge nganye kuzo. I-Requests.cpu lelona nani liphezulu lezicelo ze-CPU ezidityanisiweyo ezinokuvela kuzo zonke izikhongozeli ezikwisithuba samagama. Kulo mzekelo, unokuba nezikhongozeli ezingama-50 ezinezicelo ze-10m, izikhongozeli ezintlanu ezinezicelo ze-100m, okanye isikhongozeli esinye esinezicelo ezingama-500m. Okoko nje inani lilonke lezicelo.cpu yendawo yamagama enikiweyo ingaphantsi kwama-500m, yonke into iya kulunga.
Imemori eceliweyo requests.memory yeyona mali iphezulu yezicelo zememori ezidityanisiweyo ezinokuthi zonke izikhongozeli ezikwisithuba samagama zibe nazo. Njengakwimeko yangaphambili, unokuba nezikhongozeli ezingama-50 2, izikhongozeli ze-mib ezintlanu, okanye isikhongozeli esinye se-20 mib ukuba nje inani lilonke lememori eliceliweyo kwindawo yegama lingaphantsi kwe-100 mebibytes.
I-Limits.cpu yeyona mali iphezulu edityanisiweyo yamandla e-CPU enokusetyenziswa zonke iziqulathi kwindawo yamagama. Sinokuyijonga le nto njengomda wezicelo zamandla eprosesa.
Okokugqibela, i-limis.memory ngowona mlinganiselo uphezulu wenkumbulo ekwabelwana ngayo zonke iziqulathi ezikwisithuba samagama ezinokuzisebenzisa. Lo ngumda wezicelo zememori epheleleyo.
Ke, ngokungagqibekanga, izikhongozeli kwiqela leKubernetes ziqhutywa ngezixhobo ezingenamkhawulo zekhompyuter. Ngezabelo zezibonelelo, abalawuli beqela banokunciphisa usetyenziso lwezixhobo kunye nokudala izixhobo ezisekelwe kwindawo yamagama. Kwindawo yegama, i-pod okanye isikhongozeli sinokutya amandla amaninzi e-CPU kunye nenkumbulo njengoko kumiselwe sisabelo sendawo yegama. Nangona kunjalo, kukho inkxalabo yokuba i-pod enye okanye isikhongozeli sinokulawula zonke izixhobo ezikhoyo. Ukuthintela le meko, uluhlu oluqingqiweyo lusetyenziswa - umgaqo-nkqubo wokunciphisa ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo (kwiipod okanye izitya) kwindawo yamagama.
Uluhlu lwemida lubonelela ngezithintelo ezinokuthi:
- Ukuqinisekisa ubuncinci kunye nobuninzi bokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha kwimodyuli nganye okanye isikhongozeli esikwisithuba samagama;
- ukunyanzelisa ubuncinci kunye nobuninzi bezicelo zogcino lwe-Starrage kwi-PersistentVolumeClaim nganye kwindawo yamagama;
- ukunyanzelisa ubudlelwane phakathi kweSicelo kunye noMda wesixhobo esikwindawo yamagama;
- cwangcisa Izicelo ezingagqibekanga/iMida yokuhlanganisa izixhobo kwindawo yegama kwaye uzifake ngokuzenzekelayo kwizikhongozeli ngexesha lokuqhuba.
Ngale ndlela unokwenza umda womda kwindawo yakho yamagama. Ngokungafaniyo nesabelo, esisebenza kwisithuba samagama siphela, Uluhlu lweLimit lusetyenziswa kwizikhongozeli ezizimeleyo. Oku kunokuthintela abasebenzisi ekwenzeni izinto ezincinci kakhulu okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, izikhongozeli ezinkulu ngaphakathi kwendawo yamagama. ILimit Range inokujongeka ngolu hlobo.
Njengakwimeko yangaphambili, amacandelo ama-4 anokwahlulwa apha. Makhe sijonge nganye.
Icandelo elimiselweyo libeka imida engagqibekanga yesikhongozeli esikwipod. Ukuba ngaba umisela la maxabiso kuluhlu olugqithileyo, ngoko naziphi izikhongozeli ezingamiselwanga ngokwazo ezi xabiso ziyakulandela amaxabiso angagqibekanga.
Isicelo esingagqibekanga secandelo lesicelo siqwalasela izicelo ezingagqibekanga zesikhongozeli esikwipod. Kwakhona, ukuba ubeka la maxabiso kuluhlu olugqithileyo, ngoko ke naziphi na izikhongozeli ezingabeki cacileyo ezi nketho aziyi kugqibeka kula maxabiso.
Icandelo eliphezulu lichaza imida ephezulu enokumiselwa kwisingxobo esikwipod. Amaxabiso kwicandelo elingagqibekanga kunye nemida yesingxobo ayinakumiselwa ngaphezulu kwalo mda. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ixabiso limiselwe kubukhulu kwaye akukho candelo elingagqibekanga, ngoko ke ixabiso eliphezulu liba lixabiso elingagqibekanga.
Icandelo lemiz lichaza ezona zicelo zincinci ezinokusetwa kwisikhongozeli esikwipod. Nangona kunjalo, amaxabiso kwicandelo elingagqibekanga kunye nemibuzo yesiqulathi ayinakho ukusetwa ngaphantsi kwalo mda.
Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuba eli xabiso libekiwe, ukungagqibeki ayisiyiyo, ngoko ke elona xabiso lisezantsi liba sisindululo esingagqibekanga.
Ezi zicelo zezibonelelo ekugqibeleni zisetyenziswa ngumcwangcisi weKubernetes ukwenza umthwalo wakho wokusebenza. Ukuze ulungelelanise izikhongozeli zakho ngokuchanekileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani. Masithi ufuna ukuqhuba iipod ezininzi kwiqela lakho. Ukucinga ukuba iinkcukacha ze-pod zivumelekile, ishedyuli ye-Kubernetes iya kusebenzisa ukulinganisa kwe-robin ejikelezayo ukukhetha i-node yokuqhuba umsebenzi.
I-Kubernetes iya kukhangela ukuba i-Node ye-1 inezixhobo ezaneleyo zokuzalisekisa izicelo ezivela kwimibhobho ye-pod, kwaye ukuba ayifuni, iya kuqhubela phambili kwi-node elandelayo. Ukuba akukho nanye yeenodi kwinkqubo ekwaziyo ukwanelisa izicelo, iipods ziya kungena kwi-Pending state. Ukusebenzisa i-Google Kubernetes injini iimpawu ezifana node autoscaling, i-GKE inokubona ngokuzenzekelayo imeko yokulinda kwaye yenze iindawo ezininzi ezongezelelweyo.
Ukuba emva koko uphelelwa ngumthamo we-node, i-autoscaling iya kunciphisa inani leendawo zokugcina imali. Kungenxa yoko le nto uKubernetes ecwangcisa iipod ngokusekwe kwizicelo. Nangona kunjalo, umda unokuba phezulu kunezicelo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko i-node inokuphelelwa yimithombo. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba ngurhulumente wokuzibophelela ngokugqithisileyo.
Njengoko benditshilo, xa kufikwa kwi-CPU, i-Kubernetes iya kuqala ukunciphisa imida. Ipod nganye iya kufumana kangangoko ibicelile, kodwa ukuba ayifikeleli kumda, i-throttling iya kuqalisa ukusebenza.
Xa kuziwa kwimithombo yememori, u-Kubernetes unyanzelekile ukuba enze izigqibo malunga nokuba yeyiphi i-pods yokucima kunye neyokugcina ude ukhulule izixhobo zenkqubo okanye yonke inkqubo iya kuphazamiseka.
Masicinge ngemeko apho unomatshini ophelelwa yinkumbulo- uKubernetes angayiphatha njani loo nto?
I-Kubernetes iya kukhangela iipods ezisebenzisa izixhobo ezingaphezulu kunokuba bezicelile. Ke ukuba izikhongozeli zakho azinaziCelo kwaphela, oko kuthetha ukuba ziyasilela ekusebenziseni ngaphezulu kunoko bezicelile, kuba khange babuze nto kwaphela! Izikhongozeli ezinjalo ziba ngabagqatswa abaphambili bokuvalwa. Abagqatswa abalandelayo zizikhonteyina ezanelisayo zonke izicelo zabo kodwa zibe zingaphantsi komlinganiselo obekiweyo.
Ke ukuba i-Kubernetes ifumana iipods ezininzi ezigqithise iiparameters zesicelo, iya kuzilungisa ngokubaluleka kwaye emva koko isuse ezona pods ziphambili. Ukuba zonke iipod zinokubaluleka okufanayo, ngoko i-Kubernetes iya kuphelisa ezo pods ezidlula izicelo zazo ngaphezu kwezinye iipod.
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, i-Kubernetes inokukhupha iipods ezisengaphakathi kwezicelo zabo. Oku kunokwenzeka xa amacandelo enkqubo ebalulekileyo njenge-agent ye-Kubelet okanye i-Docker iqala ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi kunokuba zigcinelwe zona.
Ke, kumanqanaba okuqala eenkampani ezincinci, iqela leKubernetes linokusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kokubeka izicelo kunye nezithintelo, kodwa njengoko amaqela akho kunye neeprojekthi ziqala ukukhula ngobukhulu, ubeka umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki kule ndawo. Ukongeza imibuzo kunye nemiqobo kwiimodyuli zakho kunye nezithuba zamagama kufuna umzamo omncinci kakhulu kwaye kunokonga ubunzima obuninzi.
Ezinye iintengiso π
Enkosi ngokuhlala nathi. Ngaba uyawathanda amanqaku ethu? Ngaba ufuna ukubona umxholo onomdla ngakumbi? Sixhase ngokufaka iodolo okanye ngokucebisa abahlobo, , i-analogue eyodwa yeeseva zomgangatho wokungena, eyenzelwe wena: (ifumaneka nge-RAID1 kunye ne-RAID10, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24 cores kunye ne-40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd 2x ngexabiso eliphantsi kwiziko ledatha le-Equinix Tier IV eAmsterdam? Kuphela apha eNetherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - ukusuka $99! Funda malunga
umthombo: www.habr.com