Ukuzisa ukukhutshwa kweprojekthi entsha kwimveliso kufuna ulungelelwaniso olunyamekileyo phakathi kwesantya sokuthunyelwa kunye nokuthembeka kwesisombululo. Amaxabiso e-Slack akhawulezayo, imijikelo yengxelo emfutshane, kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwizicelo zabasebenzisi. Ukongeza, inkampani inamakhulu abadwelisi benkqubo abazama ukuvelisa kangangoko.
Ababhali bezinto, inguqulelo esiyipapashayo namhlanje, bathi inkampani ezama ukubambelela kumaxabiso anjalo kwaye kwangaxeshanye ikhula kufuneka ihlale iphucula inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kweprojekthi. Inkampani kufuneka ityale imali ekuhleni nasekuthembekeni kweenkqubo zomsebenzi, ikwenza oku ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi nkqubo zihambelana nomlinganiselo weprojekthi. Apha siza kuthetha malunga nokuhamba komsebenzi okuthe kwaphuhliswa kwi-Slack, kunye nezinye zezigqibo ezikhokelele inkampani ukuba isebenzise inkqubo yokusasazwa kweprojekthi ekhoyo namhlanje.
Iinkqubo zokusasazwa kweprojekthi zisebenza njani namhlanje
I-PR nganye (isicelo sokutsalwa) kwi-Slack kufuneka ixhomekeke kuhlaziyo lwekhowudi kwaye kufuneka iphumelele zonke iimvavanyo. Kuphela emva kokuba le miqathango ifezekisiwe apho umdwelisi weprogram angadibanisa ikhowudi yakhe kwisebe eliphambili leprojekthi. Nangona kunjalo, le khowudi isetyenziswa kuphela ngeeyure zomsebenzi, ixesha laseMntla Melika. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi bethu bakwiindawo zabo zokusebenza, sikulungele ngokupheleleyo ukusombulula naziphi na iingxaki ezingalindelekanga.
Yonke imihla siqhuba malunga ne-12 yokuthunyelwa okucwangcisiweyo. Ngexesha lokusasazwa ngakunye, umdwelisi wenkqubo ochongiweyo njengenkokeli yokuthunyelwa unoxanduva lokufumana ulwakhiwo olutsha kwimveliso. Le yinkqubo yamanyathelo amaninzi eqinisekisa ukuba indibano iziswa kwimveliso ngokutyibilikayo. Enkosi ngale ndlela, sinokubona iimpazamo phambi kokuba zichaphazele bonke abasebenzisi bethu. Ukuba kukho iimpazamo ezininzi, ukuthunyelwa kwendibano kunokubuyisela umva. Ukuba umba othile ufunyenwe emva kokukhululwa, ukulungiswa kunokukhululwa ngokulula kuwo.
Ukudibana kwenkqubo ye-Checkpoint, esetyenziswa kwi-Slack ukuhambisa iiprojekthi
Inkqubo yokuthumela ukukhutshwa okutsha kwimveliso kunokucingelwa ukuba iqulethwe ngamanyathelo amane.
β1. Ukudala isebe lokukhulula
Ukukhutshwa ngalunye kuqala ngesebe elitsha lokukhululwa, inqaku kwimbali yethu yeGit. Oku kukuvumela ukuba unikeze iithegi ekukhululweni kwaye ibonelele ngendawo apho unokwenza khona ukulungiswa okuphilayo kwiibhugi ezifunyenwe kwinkqubo yokulungiselela ukukhutshwa kwimveliso.
β2. Ukusasazwa kwindawo yeqonga
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuhambisa indibano kwiiseva zesiteji kwaye uqhube uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kweprojekthi (uvavanyo lomsi). Indawo yeqonga yindawo yemveliso engafumani zithuthi zangaphandle. Kule meko, senza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lwezandla. Oku kusinika ithemba elongezelelweyo lokuba iprojekthi elungisiweyo isebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo zodwa azanelanga ukubonelela ngeli nqanaba lokuzithemba.
β3. Ukusasazwa kwindawo ye-dogfood kunye ne-canary
Ukusasazwa kwimveliso kuqala ngokusingqongileyo kwe-dogfood, emelwe yiqela lenginginya ezibonelela ngeendawo zethu zokusebenza zangaphakathi ze-Slack. Kuba singabasebenzisi be-Slack abakhutheleyo, ukuthatha le ndlela kusincedile ukuba sibambe iibhugi ezininzi kwangoko ekuhanjisweni. Emva kokuba siqinisekisile ukuba umsebenzi osisiseko wenkqubo awuphulwanga, indibano isetyenziswe kwindawo ye-canary. Imele iinkqubo ezibalelwa malunga ne-2% yetrafikhi yemveliso.
β4. Ukukhululwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwimveliso
Ukuba izibonakaliso zokubeka iliso zokukhutshwa okutsha zijika zizinzile, kwaye ukuba emva kokuhambisa iprojekthi kwindawo ye-canary asizange sifumane naziphi na izikhalazo, siqhubeka sihambisa ngokuthe ngcembe iiseva zemveliso ekukhululweni okutsha. Inkqubo yokusasazwa komsebenzi yohlulwe ngokwala manqanaba alandelayo: 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% kunye ne-100%. Ngenxa yoko, sinokutshintshela kancinci imveliso yetrafikhi ekukhululweni okutsha kwenkqubo. Kwangaxeshanye, sinexesha lokuphanda imeko ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphazamiso ezifunyenweyo.
β Kuthekani ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle ngexesha lokusasazwa?
Ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kwikhowudi kuhlala kungumngcipheko. Kodwa sihlangabezana nale mbulelo kubukho "beenkokeli zokusasazwa" eziqeqeshwe kakuhle ezilawula inkqubo yokuzisa ukukhutshwa okutsha kwimveliso, ukubeka iliso kwizalathisi zokubeka iliso kunye nokulungelelanisa umsebenzi wabaprogram ukukhulula ikhowudi.
Kwimeko apho ngokwenene kukho into engahambi kakuhle, sizama ukuyibona ingxaki kwangethuba. Siphanda ingxaki, sifumana i-PR ebangela iimpazamo, siyibuyisele emva, siyihlalutye ngokucokisekileyo, kwaye senze isakhiwo esitsha. Enyanisweni, ngamanye amaxesha ingxaki ayibonwa de iprojekthi iye kwimveliso. Kwimeko enjalo, into ebaluleke kakhulu kukubuyisela inkonzo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba siqalise ukuphanda ingxaki, sibuyela ngokukhawuleza kwisakhiwo esisebenzayo sangaphambili.
Iibhloko zokwakha zeNkqubo yokusasaza
Makhe sijonge kubuchwepheshe obusisiseko senkqubo yethu yokusasazwa kweprojekthi.
β Ukusasazwa ngokukhawuleza
Ukuhamba komsebenzi kuchazwe ngasentla kunokubonakala, xa kujongwa, kucacile. Kodwa inkqubo yethu yokuthunyelwa ayizange ibe ngolu hlobo ngoko nangoko.
Xa inkampani yayincinci kakhulu, isicelo sethu sonke sinokusebenza kwiimeko ezili-10 zeAmazon EC2. Ukusasaza iprojekthi kule meko kuthetha ukusebenzisa i-rsync ukulungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza zonke iiseva. Ngaphambili, ikhowudi entsha yayilinyathelo elinye kuphela kude nemveliso, emelwe yindawo yeqonga. Iindibano zenziwa kwaye zavavanywa kwindawo enjalo, emva koko zaya ngqo kwimveliso. Kwakulula kakhulu ukuqonda inkqubo enjalo; ivumele nawuphi na umdwelisi ukuba asebenzise ikhowudi ayibhalileyo nangaliphi na ixesha.
Kodwa njengoko inani labathengi bethu likhula, ngokunjalo nomlinganiselo weziseko eziyimfuneko ukuxhasa le projekthi. Kungekudala, ngenxa yokukhula rhoqo kwenkqubo, imodeli yethu yokuthunyelwa, esekelwe ekutyhaleni ikhowudi entsha kwiiseva, yayingasawenzi umsebenzi wayo. Oko kukuthi, ukongeza iseva entsha nganye kuthetha ukwandisa ixesha elifunekayo ukugqibezela ukuthunyelwa. Nokuba izicwangciso ezisekwe kusetyenziso olufanayo lwe-rsync zinemida ethile.
Sagqiba ekusombululeni le ngxaki ngokufudukela kwi-parallel deployment system, eyayiyilwe ngokwahlukileyo kwinkqubo endala. Oko kukuthi, ngoku asizange siyithumele ikhowudi kwiiseva sisebenzisa iscript songqamaniso. Ngoku umncedisi ngamnye ukhuphele ngokuzimeleyo indibano entsha, esazi ukuba kufuneka enze njalo ngokubeka esweni utshintsho olungundoqo lwe-Consul. Abancedisi balayishe ikhowudi ngokunxuseneyo. Oku kusivumele ukuba sigcine isantya esiphezulu sokuthunyelwa nakwimeko yokukhula kwenkqubo rhoqo.
1. Abancedisi bemveliso bajonga iqhosha le-Consul. 2. Utshintsho oluphambili, oku kuxelela abancedisi ukuba kufuneka baqale ukukhuphela ikhowudi entsha. 3. Iiseva zikhuphela iifayile zetarball ngekhowudi yesicelo
β Ukusasazwa kweatom
Esinye isisombululo esasinceda ukuba sifikelele kwi-multi-tier deployment system yayikukusasazwa kweathom.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ukusasazwa kweathom, ukuhanjiswa ngakunye kunokukhokelela kwinani elikhulu lemiyalezo yempazamo. Inyaniso kukuba inkqubo yokukopisha iifayile ezintsha kwiiseva zokuvelisa yayingekho i-athomu. Oku kubangele ixesha elifutshane lefestile apho ikhowudi ebizwa ngokuba yimisebenzi emitsha yayifumaneka phambi kokuba imisebenzi ngokwayo ibekho. Xa kwabizwa loo khowudi, oko kwaphumela ekubeni kubuyiswe iimpazamo zangaphakathi. Oku kuzibonakalisa kwizicelo ezingaphumelelanga ze-API kunye namaphepha ewebhu aphukileyo.
Iqela elisebenza kule ngxaki liyicombulule ngokuzisa ingcamango ye-directory "eshushu" kunye "ebandayo". Ikhowudi kwi-directory eshushu inoxanduva lokuqhuba imveliso yetrafikhi. Kwaye kwiinkcukacha "ezibandayo", ikhowudi, ngelixa inkqubo isebenza, ilungiselelwe kuphela ukusetyenziswa. Ngexesha lokuthunyelwa, ikhowudi entsha ikhutshelwa kuluhlu olubandayo olungasetyenziswanga. Emva koko, xa kungekho zinkqubo ezisebenzayo kumncedisi, iswitshi yolawulo olukhawulezileyo iyenziwa.
1. Ukukhupha ikhowudi yesicelo kwi-directory "ebandayo". 2. Ukutshintshela inkqubo kuluhlu βlubandayoβ, oluba βlushushuβ (ukusebenza kweathom)
Iziphumo: utshintsho kugxininiso ekuthembekeni
Ngo-2018, iprojekthi yakhula yaya kutsho kwinqanaba lokuba ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza kwaqala ukulimaza ukuzinza kwemveliso. Sasinenkqubo yokusasaza ephucuke kakhulu apho satyale ixesha elininzi kunye nomzamo. Ekuphela kwento ebesiyidinga kukwakha ngokutsha nokuphucula iinkqubo zethu zokusasazwa. Siye sakhula saba yinkampani enkulu ngokufanelekileyo, ekuye kwasetyenziswa uphuhliso kulo lonke ihlabathi ukuququzelela unxibelelwano olungaphazanyiswa kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ezibalulekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuthembeka kwaba yingqwalasela yethu.
Bekufuneka senze inkqubo yokuhambisa ukukhutshwa kweSlack okutsha kukhuseleke ngakumbi. Le mfuno yasikhokelela ekuphuculeni inkqubo yethu yokusasazwa. Ngokwenyani, sixoxe ngale nkqubo iphuculweyo ingentla. Kubunzulu benkqubo, siyaqhubeka sisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuhambisa ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-athomu. Indlela okwenziwa ngayo itshintshile. Inkqubo yethu entsha yenzelwe ukuhambisa ngokuthe ngcembe ikhowudi entsha kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoku sisebenzisa izixhobo zenkxaso eziphambili kunye nezixhobo zokubeka iliso kwinkqubo kunangaphambili. Oku kusinika amandla okubamba kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba babe nethuba lokufikelela kumsebenzisi wokugqibela.
Kodwa asiyi kuphelela apho. Sihlala siphucula le nkqubo, sisebenzisa izixhobo ezingaphezulu ezincedisayo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ezizenzekelayo.
Bafundi abathandekayo! Isebenza njani inkqubo yokuthumela ukukhutshwa kweprojekthi entsha apho usebenza khona?
umthombo: www.habr.com