Ewe kanye yamandulo. NgoMeyi ophelileyo, i-intanethi yentlalontle yehlabathi jikelele i-Fediverse (IsiNgesi – Fediverse) iminyaka eyi-11! Kanye kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, umseki weprojekthi ye-Identi.ca wapapasha isithuba sakhe sokuqala.
Ngeli xesha, umntu othile ongaziwa kwisixhobo esihlonelwayo wabhala: "Ingxaki ngeFediverse kukuba abembi ababini abanesiqingatha bayazi ngayo.".
Yintoni ingxaki ehlekisayo. Masiyilungise! Kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, siya kuzama ukugxotha ezinye iintsomi (kwaye someleze ezinye iintsomi).
*Ukugqiba umfanekiso, kunokuba luncedo ukuziqhelanisa malunga Fediverse, kunye caveat ukuba uninzi sele iphelelwe lixesha.
Masiqale ngeyona ntsomi iphikisanayo.
Intsomi #1: ayinikeli malunga nayo yonke ingxabano kunye "nezinye iindlela".
Ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, la mazwi ayinyaniso. Yinyani kanye njengokuba ibinzana lika-Mahatma Gandhi lisithi: "Okokuqala abakuhoyi, bakuhlekise, balwe nawe, emva koko uphumelele«.
Umxholo wokwabela amagunya awukhathazi mntu. Ekupheleni kuka-2018, umdali weWorld Wide Web, uTim Berners-Lee, wathetha ngesicwangciso sakhe sokusasaza iwebhu ngeprojekthi entsha. . Kubonakala ngathi, kutheni ungajongi ngakumbi kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo esele zikho kunye neprotocol , esemgangathweni , ekhokelwa nguMnu. Berners-Lee?
NgoJulayi ka-2019, i-Apple yajoyina iprojekthi ye-Facebook, Twitter, Google kunye neMicrosoft yokufuduka idatha . I-Fediverse idibana ngantoni nayo? Kwindawo yokugcina iprojekthi, kunye ne-Twitter, Instagram, Facebook (kunye neSolid), uya kufumana kuthungelwano olumanyeneyo . Akulunganga kuthungelwano olungakhathaliyo.
Ngo-Okthobha ka-2019, umseki weWikipedia uJimmy Wales ubhengeze ukuphehlelelwa “kwenye indlela kuFacebook nakuTwitter” - , iqonga elingenazintengiso lixhaswe ngamazipho ngabasebenzisi. Le migaqo ikhumbuza amanethiwekhi adibeneyo, njengoko abasebenzisi be-Twitter bakhawuleza ukuxelela uMnu Wales. Oko malunga nokuphunyezwa kweprotocol ye-ActivePub kwaye kamva yabhengeza ukuba ikhowudi ye-WT: Iprojekthi yeNtlalo iya kuvulwa kumthombo phantsi kwelayisensi ye-GPLv3. Kakhulu!
NgoDisemba ka-2019, umyili we-Twitter uJack Dorsey malunga neenjongo zenkampani zotyalo-mali kuphando kunye nokudala inani lemigangatho evulekileyo yokwahlulwa kwamagunya kwinethiwekhi yoluntu, ukuze kuphuculwe inkonzo ye-Twitter. Kwakukho amahlaya amaninzi malunga noku kwiinethiwekhi zeFediverse malunga nokuba uDorsey wagqiba ekubeni adibanise inethiwekhi yeMastodon. Inyani kukuba inyanga ngaphambi kokuba uDorsey enze ingxelo yakhe kwi-Twitter ukuya kwi-akhawunti yokuthengisa esemthethweni yenethiwekhi yeMastodon. Ngoko akazange akwazi ukuzibamba wazi ngobukho bayo. Developer Mastodon positive malunga nombono wokudibanisa i-Twitter kwiinethiwekhi ze-Fediversity (kunokudala imigangatho emitsha engahambelaniyo).
Ngoku umbuzo wabafundi: kweliphi inqanaba ucinga ukuba i-Fediverse ingaphakathi kwenkcazo kaMahatma Gandhi?
Intsomi #2: Uthungelwano oludibeneyo lusetyenziswa ngabaninzi bamazwe angaphandle ali-10 kunye ne-100 bots. Iiprojekthi zifile! Akukho phuhliso! Akukho zincamathelisi!
Ndikhawulezisa ukukuqinisekisa: izincamathelisi mva nje kuthungelwano olumanyeneyo , enye yeeplatifomu ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ngokwenani lamaseva. Ikhowudi yeprojekthi ibhalwe ngolwimi lwe-Elixir kwaye ilungiselelwe uluntu oluncinci (unokwenza lula i-node kwi-Beaglebone okanye i-Raspberry Pi).
Amahemuhemu malunga nokufa kweeprojekthi zomdibaniso zibaxiwe kakhulu. Ewe, i-microblogging network GNU Social, ekhoyo ukususela ngo-2010, iphelelwe lixesha ngokwemigangatho yanamhlanje. Kude kube mva nje, ibingenakho nokukwazi ukuthumela umyalezo ongengowasesidlangalaleni, kuba le meko ayibonelelwanga kwinkcazo yeprotocol ye-OStatus. Ngethamsanqa, i-GNU Social sele ingunyaka ngoku ekuphunyezweni kweprotocol ye-ActivePub.
Makhe sijonge ezintsha, ngokukhutheleyo ukuphuhlisa uthungelwano.
Eyona projekthi iphumeleleyo yomanyano (ixesha elithile ngoku liphezulu kwi-Twitter ekusebenzeni), ngoJanuwari kulo nyaka uphelileyo isibonelelo , ejoliswe kwiiprojekthi "ezintsha, ezizayo". Ukongeza, iprojekthi inenkxaso yemali ezinzileyo ePatreon. Ngo-2019 Keybase ukudibanisa neMastodon, ebangele ukusabela okuxubeneyo kubasebenzisi. Ngethamsanqa, njengoko kulindelwe kwisoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo, oku kuyakhethwa kwaye kugqitywe kwicala lomlawuli weseva.
IMastodon ineefolokhwe ezininzi ezinomdla: kunye neempawu zovavanyo (ezihlala zamkelwa kwisebe ngokubanzi leprojekthi yeMastodon), , eyandisa amathuba okumakisha izithuba. Kukwafanelekile ukujonga ngakumbi kwezinye iindlela zokujongana, kubandakanywa и .
Ukuba uyadlula, ungalibali ukudibana nathi .
Unokufumana okuninzi malunga neMastodon kwi-intanethi, ngoko masiqhubele phambili.
-Ukusingathwa kwevidiyo kunye neqonga losasazo lwevidiyo - elenziwe luluntu njengenye indlela yeYouTube/Vimeo. Iprojekthi yaqala ukubonakala kumaphephandaba ngokubonga kuGoogle, okwathi ngo-2018 kwavala okwesikhashana i-akhawunti ye-Blender 3D ye-model system. Emva koko abanomdla eyakho iPeerTube, esafumaneka nanamhlanje. Injongo yeprojekthi kukudala inethiwekhi yababoneleli bevidiyo abadibeneyo, abazimeleyo kubadlali abakhulu beemarike. Ukunciphisa umthwalo kumaseva, iqonga lixhasa ukusasazwa kwevidiyo kontanga-to-peer usebenzisa iWebRTC: ukuba abasebenzisi abaninzi ngaxeshanye bajonga ividiyo kwisiphequluli, nje ngokuba ithebhu ivuliwe, abasebenzisi bancedisa ukusabalalisa umxholo.
Kungekudala ukukhutshwa kwenguqulo 2.0. Iividiyo ezivela kwi-PeerTube zinokujongwa kwinethiwekhi ye-Mastodon (i-100% yolwazi) kunye nolunye uthungelwano lwe-Fediversity (iimpazamo zinokwenzeka).
Izithethi zaseRashiya zithumela kwiPeerTube malunga nembali yeFediverse evela . Qiniseka ukuba uyaphulaphula!
-njenge-Instagram, kuphela ngaphandle kweefoto zezikhonkwane (ubuncinci okwangoku)! Iprojekthi kutshanje isibonelelo esivela kumbutho waseYurophu ukuqhubela phambili uphuhliso kwaye kulo nyaka uphelileyo kwandiswe inani leendawo zokuhlala ukuya kwi-100+. Isebenzisana noninzi lweenethiwekhi zeFediverse.
– enye indawo yeGrooveshark kunye neDeezer. Ibhalwe kwiPython, iprojekthi idityaniswe nenethiwekhi yeMastodon kutshanje njengoDisemba wonyaka ophelileyo. Iqonga likuvumela ukuba wenze uluhlu lokudlala, uphulaphule ukhetho lomculo lwabanye abantu ("irediyo"), kwaye usebenzisane nabanye abasebenzisi. Kunokwenzeka ukukhuphela kunye nokwabelana ngokurekhodwa okurekhodiweyo kwisiseko esilinganiselweyo, umzekelo, ukuphepha iingxaki ze-copyright.
liqonga lokubhloga eliphumelele ngokungalindelekanga. Kuyabonakala ukuba abasebenzisi beMastodon badinwe ngokwenene ngumda weempawu ezingama-500. Ngenye indlela, iprojekthi ngokukhawuleza yafumana ukuthandwa kwizangqa ezimxinwa - iiseva ezingama-200+ kwisithuba esingaphezu konyaka - kwaye ngenxa yokugcinwa kwe-node ehlawulweyo (kulabo bavila kakhulu ukuphakamisa abo kunye nabo bonke abafuna ukunceda ngemali. ) ngokulinganayo malunga nokukhangela abaphuhlisi abatsha beGo ngesiseko sekhontrakthi. NgoJuni ka-2019, abaphuhlisi be-Linux kernel inkonzo entsha yebhlog , ene-WritFreely software phantsi kwe-hood. Izithuba kweli qonga zinokufundwa kwiPleroma kunye nezinye iinethiwekhi zeFediverse.
-Ulwandiso lweprotocol ephuhlisiwe ye-ActivityPub, eya kubonelela ngemanyano phakathi kweenkqubo zolawulo lwenguqulelo. Ngaphambili iprojekthi ibibizwa .
Izinto ezinomdla ngakumbi- ukulungiselela iintlanganiso, imisitho, iinkomfa. Idalwe ngumbutho ngokusekwe kwiziphumo ze-crowdfunding eyimpumelelo , eli qonga liza kuthatha indawo ye-MeetUp, amaqela e-Facebook kunye nezinye izisombululo eziphambili. Uxolo!
Ngaphambili uthungelwano lwakhankanywa , и . Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zontathu iinethiwekhi zisebenzisa i-ActivePub protocol kwaye zijoyine uninzi lweenethiwekhi ezidibeneyo, ngelixa zigcina inzuzo yomanyano kunye nenethiwekhi enkulu (ngenani leakhawunti). . Abanye banokuthi ukugcina iiprothokholi ezininzi kunokuba yinto engalunganga. Ngenxa yemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa imanyano ezinzileyo kunye nawo onke amanye amanethiwekhi ngumsebenzi ongengomsebenzi omncinci. Ukanti, kunokwenzeka.
ujongano ithathwa njengeyona ilula ukufunda kubasebenzisi bakaFacebook. Ndingaxoxa ngale nto (nangona ndifumana uyilo lukaFacebook lungafanelekanga). Izithuba ezingenamkhawulo, iialbham zeefoto, imiyalezo yomntu - ubuncinci iseti elindelekileyo kwinethiwekhi yoluntu ilapha. Iprojekthi idinga ngokwenene umntu othanda umphambili (iyenzeka ukuba iqela liqulathe abaphuhlisi abasemva kuphela) - ngubani ofuna ukujoyina umthombo ovulekileyo?
- ayisiyiyo inethiwekhi enengqondo (ndimema wonke umntu ukuba ancede ukuphucula ujongano). Kodwa iqonga libonelela ngamathuba amaninzi okusebenza njengenethiwekhi yoluntu, iforum, amaqela eengxoxo, iWiki kunye newebhusayithi. Ukukhutshwa kwamva nje kwaba ekupheleni kuka-2019. Ukongeza kwi-ActivePub kunye ne-diaspora protocol, i-Hubzilla idityaniswe ngaphakathi kwinethiwekhi isebenzisa iprotocol yayo. , enkosi apho ibonelela ngezinto ezimbini ezizodwa kwi-Fediverse. Okokuqala, kukho ukuqinisekiswa kokuphela kokuphela "Isazisi seNomadic". Okwesibini, umsebenzi we-cloning we-akhawunti ikuvumela ukuba ube "ne-backup" yazo zonke iinkcukacha (izithuba, abafowunelwa, unxibelelwano) kwenye iseva - iluncedo ukuba umncedisi oyintloko uhamba ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi. Ukubophelela umsebenzisi kumncedisi othile (kunye nobunzima bokufudukela kwenye indawo entsha) yindawo ebuthathaka yothungelwano oludibeneyo. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zeFediverse zivakalise umnqweno wokuphumeza iprotocol yeZot, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwinqanaba leengxoxo. Okwangoku, ekumiselweni ngokusemthethweni kweZot protocol ngaphakathi kweW3C.
I-Hubzilla iqonga loluntu elithetha isiRashiya (ungabhalisela kuyo kwezinye iinethiwekhi apho iHubzilla idityaniswa khona).
-Inethiwekhi edibeneyo ene-interface eguquguqukayo ekhumbuza iPinterest okanye iTumblr. Eyona ifanelekileyo kumxholo wokubonwayo (imifanekiso, iifoto). Umphuhlisi weprojekthi, okwangumseki wombutho ongenzi nzuzo wokukhuthaza amaqonga amanyeneyo , inamathuba amaninzi achulumancisayo acetyiweyo. Uthungelwano lukhula ngokucothayo, sibeka esweni uphuhliso.
-kuncinci kunokuthiwa ngale projekthi okwangoku, ngaphandle kokuba iphuhliswa ngumsebenzi wangaphambili weVKontakte kunye neTelegram, kwaye ngandlela-thile, i-clone yeVKontakte icwangcisiwe. Kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu: ukusebenza koluntu akuphuhliswanga kakuhle kuthungelwano olumanyeneyo. Ikhowudi yeprojekthi ayikapapashwa, kodwa sele kudityanisiwe.
Ewe, ezi ayizizo zonke iinethiwekhi ezenza iFediverse. Abacwangcisi bathanda ngokwenene ukubhala iinguqulelo zabo, ke ngo-2019 kuphela, kwavela iiprojekthi ezili-13 ezintsha. Jonga uluhlu lwangoku lothungelwano lwe-Fediverse , kwaye unokufunda malunga neziphumo ze-2019 .
Ukubuyela kwintsomi, ngo-2019 kwi-Fediverse ngaphezu kwesigidi abasebenzisi abatsha bongeziweyo. Ngoko, emva koko, kukho abantu basemzini abangaphezu kwe-10. Uluntu oluthetha isiRashiya luseluncinci.
Intsomi #3 (eyona nto inamandla): akukho mntu uyidingayo yonke le nto!
Kwaye apha, mfundi, andifane ndikwazi ukukukholisa ngesicatshulwa. Ibiya kufana nokucacisa incasa yevatala kumntu ongazange ayizame.
Intetho eqaphelekayo (enkulu) evela kwitshantliziyo elaziwayo kwiPalamente yaseYurophu ngoNovemba ka-2019, apho akhoyo abameli babantu, zeziphi iingxaki eziphambili zendlela ye-EU yangoku yokulawula kunye nokuxhasa amaqumrhu aphakathi kunye nokuqala, kwaye yintoni inzuzo yothungelwano oluvulekileyo oludibeneyo. Ndincoma ukubukela. Ukuba i-Aral ayikuqinisekisi ukuba uvavanye iinethiwekhi ezidibeneyo, andizukuyenza.
Jonga kwakhona urekhodo lwemidlalo evela , eyaqhutywa ngoAgasti ePrague. Umsitho wawunesiphithiphithi, uququzelelwe ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba ayinguye wonke umntu owayenexesha lokuthenga amatikiti aze eze. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba inkomfa entsha icwangciswe kuzo zonke iinethiwekhi ezidibeneyo (kungekhona nje i-ActivePub) ngo-2020 e-Barcelona. ngeendaba malunga nomsitho.
Amanye amakhonkco aluncedo:
- Isiza seSikhokelo sothungelwano oluManyanisiweyo-
- Iinkcukacha-manani zeseva -
- Amanani eeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zomanyano -
- Amanani amaninzi -
- Ukubonwa koqhagamshelwano-
Okokugqibela, umfanekiso wokutsala umdla wakho yipowusta evela kwiNkongolo yeChaos Computer Club kulo nyaka uphelileyo:
Ndiza kubona kwi-Fediverse!
Ndingathanda ukuvakalisa umbulelo wam kuGqirha ngokufunda kwakhona eli nqaku kunye nokuhlelwa okuluncedo, kunye noMaxim ovela kwiqela likaHubzilla ngokongezwa kwakhe..
umthombo: www.habr.com