Mikhail Salosin (emva koku β MS): - Molweni nonke! Igama lam ndinguMichael. Ndisebenza njengomphuhlisi we-backend kwi-MC2 Software, kwaye ndiza kuthetha ngokusebenzisa i-Go ngasemva kwi-Look + yesicelo seselfowuni.
Ngaba ukhona umntu othanda ihoki apha?
Emva koko esi sicelo sesakho. Yenzelwe i-Android kunye ne-iOS kwaye isetyenziselwa ukubukela usasazo lweziganeko ezahlukeneyo zemidlalo kwi-intanethi kwaye zirekhodwe. Isicelo sikwanezibalo ezahlukeneyo, ukusasazwa kombhalo, iitafile zeenkomfa, iitumente kunye nolunye ulwazi oluluncedo kubalandeli.
Kwakhona kwisicelo kukho into efana namaxesha evidiyo, oko kukuthi, unokubukela awona maxesha abalulekileyo omdlalo (iinjongo, ukulwa, ukudubula, njl.). Ukuba awufuni ukubukela lonke usasazo, unokubukela kuphela ezona zinika umdla.
Usebenzise ntoni kuphuhliso?
Inxalenye ephambili yayibhalwe kwiGo. I-API abanxibelelana ngayo nabathengi beselula yayibhalwe kwi-Go. Inkonzo yokuthumela izaziso zokutyhala kwiifowuni eziphathwayo nayo yabhalwa kwiGo. Kwafuneka sibhale eyethu iORM, esinokuthetha ngayo ngenye imini. Ewe, ezinye iinkonzo ezincinci zabhalwa kwi-Go: uhlengahlengiso kunye nokulayisha imifanekiso yabahleli...
Sisebenzise iPostgreSQL njengesiseko sedatha. I-interface yomhleli yabhalwa kwiRuby kwi-Rails usebenzisa i-ActiveAdmin gem. Ukungenisa izibalo ezivela kumnikezeli wezibalo kubhaliwe kwiRuby.
Kwiimvavanyo ze-API yenkqubo, sasebenzisa i-Python unittest. I-Memcached isetyenziselwa ukuhlawula iifowuni ze-API, "i-Chef" isetyenziselwa ukulawula ulungelelwaniso, i-Zabbix isetyenziselwa ukuqokelela kunye nokubeka iliso kwiinkcukacha zenkqubo yangaphakathi. IGreylog2 yeyokuqokelela iilog, iSlate yi API amaxwebhu kubathengi.
Ukukhetha iProtocol
Ingxaki yokuqala esiye sadibana nayo: sasidinga ukukhetha iprotocol yentsebenziswano phakathi kwe-backend kunye nabaxhasi beselula, ngokusekelwe kula manqaku alandelayo ...
- Eyona mfuno ibalulekileyo: idatha kubathengi kufuneka ihlaziywe ngexesha langempela. Oko kukuthi, wonke umntu obukele usasazo okwangoku kufuneka afumane uhlaziyo ngoko nangoko.
- Ukwenza izinto zibe lula, sicinge ukuba idatha edityaniswa nabathengi ayicinywa, kodwa ifihliwe ngokusebenzisa iiflegi ezikhethekileyo.
- Zonke iintlobo zezicelo ezinqabileyo (ezifana neenkcukacha-manani, ukwakheka kwamaqela, amanani eqela) zifunyanwa ngezicelo eziqhelekileyo zeGET.
- Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo bekufuneka ixhase ngokulula abasebenzisi abangamawaka ayi-100 ngaxeshanye.
Ngokusekwe koku, sineendlela ezimbini zokukhetha iprotocol:
- Websockets. Kodwa asizange sifune amajelo ukusuka kumxhasi ukuya kumncedisi. Besidinga kuphela ukuthumela uhlaziyo ukusuka kumncedisi ukuya kumxhasi, ngoko ke i-websocket lukhetho olungafunekiyo.
- Iziganeko eziThunyelwe ngumncedisi (SSE) zeza kanye! Ilula kakhulu kwaye iyanelisa yonke into esiyidingayo.
Iziganeko eziThunyelwe ngumncedisi
Amagama ambalwa malunga nendlela le nto isebenza ngayo ...
Isebenza phezu koqhagamshelwano lwe-http. Umxhasi uthumela isicelo, umncedisi uphendula ngoMxholo-uHlobo: umbhalo/umcimbi-umjelo kwaye akawuvali umdibaniso nomxhasi, kodwa uyaqhubeka nokubhala idatha kunxibelelwano:
Idatha ingathunyelwa kwifomathi ekuvunyelwene ngayo kunye nabaxhasi. Kwimeko yethu, siyithumele kule fomu: igama lesakhiwo esitshintshileyo (umntu, umdlali) sithunyelwe kwibala lesiganeko, kwaye i-JSON eneendawo ezintsha, ezitshintshileyo zomdlali zithunyelwe kwintsimi yedatha.
Ngoku makhe sithethe ngendlela unxibelelwano ngokwalo olusebenza ngayo.
- Into yokuqala eyenziwa ngumxhasi kukumisela ixesha lokugqibela ungqamaniso kunye nenkonzo eyenziwayo: ibheka isiseko sedatha yendawo kwaye imisela umhla wokutshintsha kokugqibela okurekhodwa ngayo.
- Ithumela isicelo ngalo mhla.
- Ukuphendula, simthumelela lonke uhlaziyo olwenzekile ukususela ngaloo mhla.
- Emva koko, yenza uqhagamshelo kwisitishi esiphilayo kwaye ayivali de ifune olu hlaziyo:
Simthumelela uluhlu lweenguqu: ukuba umntu ufaka umgomo, sitshintsha amanqaku omdlalo, ukuba wenzakala, oku kuthunyelwa ngexesha langempela. Ke, abathengi ngoko nangoko bafumana idatha esexesheni kwisondlo somsitho womdlalo. Ngamaxesha athile, ukuze umxhasi aqonde ukuba umncedisi akafanga, ukuba akukho nto yenzekayo kuyo, sithumela isitampu sexesha rhoqo ngemizuzwana eyi-15 - ukuze azi ukuba yonke into ilungile kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuphinda uqhagamshele.
Uqhagamshelo oluphilayo lunikezelwa njani?
- Okokuqala, senza ijelo apho uhlaziyo olugciniweyo luya kufunyanwa.
- Emva koko, sibhalisa eli jelo ukuze sifumane uhlaziyo.
- Siseta i-header echanekileyo ukuze umxhasi azi ukuba yonke into ilungile.
- Thumela i-ping yokuqala. Sirekhoda ngokulula isitampu sexesha soqhagamshelo lwangoku.
- Emva koko, sifunda kwitshaneli kwi-loop de ishaneli yokuhlaziya ivaliwe. Ijelo lihlala lifumana isitampu sexesha langoku okanye utshintsho esele silubhala ukuvula imidibaniso.
Ingxaki yokuqala esiye sadibana nayo yile ilandelayo: kumdibaniso ngamnye ovulwe kunye nomxhasi, senze i-timer ephawulwe kanye rhoqo ngemizuzwana eyi-15 - kuvela ukuba sinonxibelelwano lwamawaka angama-6 oluvulekileyo ngomatshini omnye (kunye nomncedisi omnye we-API), 6 kwadalwa amawaka izibali-xesha. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni umatshini ungawubambi umthwalo ofunekayo. Ingxaki ibingacacanga kangako kuthi, kodwa safumana uncedo oluncinci sayilungisa.
Ngenxa yoko, ngoku i-ping yethu ivela kwitshaneli efanayo apho uhlaziyo luvela khona.
Ngokufanelekileyo, kukho isibali-xesha esinye kuphela esiphawula kube kanye kwimizuzwana eli-15.
Kukho imisebenzi emininzi encedisayo apha - ukuthumela i-header, i-ping kunye nesakhiwo ngokwaso. Oko kukuthi, igama letheyibhile (umntu, umdlalo, ixesha) kunye nolwazi malunga nolu ngeniso luhanjiswa apha:
Indlela yokuthumela uhlaziyo
Ngoku kancinci malunga nokuba utshintsho luvela phi. Sinabantu abaliqela, abahleli, ababukela usasazo ngexesha lokwenyani. Badala zonke iziganeko: umntu ukhutshiwe, umntu wenzakala, uhlobo oluthile lokutshintshwa ...
Ukusebenzisa i-CMS, idatha ingena kwisiseko sedatha. Emva koku, idatabase yazisa abancedisi be-API malunga noku kusetyenziswa indlela yokuMamela/Yazisa. Abancedisi be-API sele bethumela olu lwazi kubathengi. Ngaloo ndlela, sineeseva ezimbalwa kuphela eziqhagamshelwe kwisiseko sedatha kwaye akukho mthwalo ukhethekileyo kwisiseko sedatha, kuba umxhasi akasebenzisani ngokuthe ngqo kwisiseko sedatha nangayiphi na indlela:
I-PostgreSQL: Mamela/Yazisa
Indlela yokuMamela/Yazisa kwiPostgres ikuvumela ukuba uxelele ababhalisi bomcimbi ukuba umcimbi othile utshintshile - enye irekhodi yenziwe kwisiseko sedatha. Ukwenza oku, sibhale i-trigger elula kunye nomsebenzi:
Xa ufaka okanye uguqula irekhodi, sibiza umsebenzi wokwazisa kwi-data_updates channel, ukugqithisa apho igama letafile kunye nesazisi serekhodi etshintshiweyo okanye efakwe.
Kuzo zonke iitafile ezifuna ukulungelelaniswa nomxhasi, sichaza i-trigger, ethi, emva kokutshintsha / ukuhlaziya irekhodi, ibiza umsebenzi oboniswe kwisilayidi esingezantsi.
Ingaba i-API ibhalisa njani kolu tshintsho?
Indlela yeFanout yenziwe - ithumela imiyalezo kumxhasi. Iqokelela onke amajelo omthengi kwaye ithumele uhlaziyo olufunyenwe ngala majelo:
Apha ilayibrari ye-pq eqhelekileyo, edibanisa kwisiseko sedatha kwaye ithi ifuna ukuphulaphula itshaneli (data_updates), ihlola ukuba uxhumano luvulekile kwaye yonke into ilungile. Ndishiya ujongo lwempazamo ukugcina indawo (ukungajongi kuyingozi).
Emva koko, siseta ngokungafaniyo iTicker, eya kuthumela i-ping rhoqo ngemizuzwana ye-15, kwaye siqale ukumamela isitishi esibhalise kuso. Ukuba sifumana i-ping, siyayipapasha le ping. Ukuba sifumana uhlobo oluthile lokungena, ngoko sipapasha le ngeniso kubo bonke ababhalisi bale Fanout.
Isebenza njani iFan-out?
NgesiRashiya oku kuguqulelwa ngokuthi "i-splitter". Sinento enye ebhalisa ababhalisi abafuna ukufumana uhlaziyo oluthile. Kwaye kamsinya nje ukuba uhlaziyo lufike kule nto, isasaza olu hlaziyo kubo bonke ababhalisi bayo. Ilula ngokwaneleyo:
Iphunyezwa njani kwiGo:
Kukho ulwakhiwo, ludityaniswa kusetyenziswa iMutexes. Inentsimi egcina imo yoqhagamshelo lweFanout kwisiseko sedatha, o.k.t. ngoku iphulaphule kwaye iya kufumana uhlaziyo, kunye noluhlu lwazo zonke iitshaneli ezikhoyo - imephu, isitshixo sayo itshaneli kunye nolwakhiwo ngohlobo lwe amaxabiso (ngokusisiseko ayisetyenziswanga nangayiphi na indlela).
Iindlela ezimbini - iQhagamshelwe kwaye ikhutshwe - sivumele ukuba sixelele iFanout ukuba sinonxibelelwano kwisiseko, kubonakala kwaye ukuba uxhulumaniso kwisiseko luphukile. Kwimeko yesibini, kufuneka uqhawule bonke abathengi kwaye ubaxelele ukuba abanako ukuphulaphula nantoni na kwaye baphinde badibanise ngenxa yokuba uxhumano kubo luvaliwe.
Kukwakho nendlela yokuBhalisa eyongeza isitishi βkubaphulaphuliβ:
Kukho indlela yokungabhalisi, esusa ishaneli kubaphulaphuli ukuba umxhasi uqhawula, kunye nendlela yokuPapasha, ekuvumela ukuba uthumele umyalezo kubo bonke ababhalisi.
Umbuzo: β Yintoni esasazwa ngeli jelo?
NKSK: - Imodeli etshintshileyo okanye i-ping ihanjiswa (ngokusisiseko nje inani, inani elipheleleyo).
NKSK: -Ungathumela nantoni na, uthumele nasiphi na isakhiwo, uyipapashe - ijika ibe yi-JSON kwaye yiyo loo nto.
NKSK: -Sifumana isaziso esivela kwi-Postgres-iqulethe igama letafile kunye nesazisi. Ngokusekelwe kwigama letafile kunye nesichongi, sifumana irekhodi esiyifunayo, kwaye emva koko sithumela esi sakhiwo ukuze sipapashwe.
Izibonelelo
Ingaba oku kujongeka njani ngokwembono yeziseko zophuhliso? Sine-7 iiseva ze-hardware: enye yazo izinikele ngokupheleleyo kwisiseko sedatha, ezinye ezintandathu ziqhuba oomatshini benyani. Kukho iikopi ezi-6 ze-API: umatshini ngamnye wenyani kunye ne-API uqhuba kwi-server eyahlukileyo ye-hardware - oku kukuthembeka.
Sinemiphambili emibini kunye ne-Keepitalived efakwe ukuphucula ukufikeleleka, ukuze ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo, enye i-frontend inokubuyisela enye. Kwakhona, iikopi ezimbini zeCMS.
Kukwakho nomthengisi manani. Kukho i-DB Slave apho ii-backups zenziwa ngamaxesha athile. Kukho i-Pigeon Pusher, isicelo esithumela izaziso zokutyhala kubathengi, kunye nezinto zeziseko ezingundoqo: Zabbix, Graylog2 kunye ne-Chef.
Enyanisweni, esi siseko siyimfuneko, kuba i-100 lamawaka linokunikezelwa ngeeseva ezimbalwa. Kodwa kwakukho intsimbi - sayisebenzisa (saxelelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka - kutheni kungenjalo).
IiPros zeGo
Emva kokuba sisebenze kwesi sicelo, izibonelelo ezicacileyo zikaGo ziye zavela.
- Cool ilayibrari http. Ngayo unokwenza okuninzi ngaphandle kwebhokisi.
- Kwaye, iziteshi ezisivumele ukuba sisebenzise ngokulula indlela yokuthumela izaziso kubathengi.
- Eyona nto imangalisayo umtshina woMdyarho usivumele ukuba sisuse iibugs ezininzi ezibalulekileyo (iziseko zophuhliso). Yonke into esebenzayo kwiqonga iqalisiwe, ihlanganiswe nesitshixo soMdyarho; kwaye thina, ngokufanelekileyo, sinokujonga kwiziseko zophuhliso ukuze sibone ukuba zeziphi na iingxaki esinazo.
- Ubuncinci kunye nokulula kolwimi.
Sijonge abaphuhlisi! Ukuba nabani na ufuna, nceda.
Imibuzo yakho
Umbuzo ovela kubaphulaphuli (emva koku - B): -Kum kubonakala ngathi uphose inqaku elinye elibalulekileyo malunga ne-Fan-out. Ngaba ndilungile ekuqondeni ukuba xa uthumela impendulo kumxhasi, uvimba ukuba umxhasi akafuni ukufunda?
NKSK: - Hayi, asivali. Okokuqala, sinakho konke oku ngasemva kwe-nginx, oko kukuthi, akukho ngxaki kubathengi abacothayo. Okwesibini, umxhasi uneshaneli ene-buffer - enyanisweni, sinokubeka ukuya kuthi ga kwikhulu lohlaziyo apho ... Ukuba asikwazi ukubhala kwitshaneli, ngoko iyayicima. Ukuba sibona ukuba itshaneli ivaliwe, siya kuvala nje itshaneli, kwaye yiloo nto - umxhasi uya kudibanisa kwakhona ukuba kukho ingxaki. Ngoko ke, ngokomgaqo, akukho kuthintela apha.
KWI: -Akunakukwazi ukuthumela ngokukhawuleza irekhodi kuMamela / Yazisa, kwaye hayi itafile yesazisi?
NKSK: -Mamela / Yazisa inomda we-8 amawaka e-byte kwi-preload eyithumelayo. Ngokomgaqo, kuya kwenzeka ukuthumela ukuba sijongene nedatha encinci, kodwa kubonakala kum ukuba le ndlela [indlela esenza ngayo] ithembekile ngakumbi. Imida ikwiPostgres ngokwayo.
KWI: -Ngaba abathengi bafumana uhlaziyo kwimidlalo abangenamdla kuyo?
NKSK: - Ngokubanzi, ewe. Njengomthetho, kukho imidlalo emi-2-3 eqhubekayo ngokuhambelanayo, kwaye nangona kunjalo kunqabile. Ukuba umxhasi ubukele into ethile, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo ubukele umdlalo oqhubekayo. Emva koko, umxhasi unesiseko sedatha yendawo apho zonke ezi zihlaziyo zongezwa khona, kwaye nangaphandle koqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi, umxhasi unokujonga yonke imidlalo edlulileyo anohlaziyo. Ngokusisiseko, sivumelanisa isiseko sedatha yethu kwiseva kunye nedathabheyisi yendawo yomxhasi ukuze akwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kweintanethi.
KWI: -Kutheni uzenzele iORM yakho?
UAlexey (omnye wabaphuhlisi beJonga +): -Ngelo xesha (ibingunyaka ophelileyo) bekukho iiORM ezimbalwa kunangoku, xa zininzi. Eyona nto ndiyithandayo malunga nee-ORM ezininzi phaya kukuba uninzi lwazo lusebenza kujongano olungenanto. Oko kukuthi, iindlela kwezi ORM zilungele ukuthatha nantoni na: isakhiwo, isalathisi sesakhiwo, inani, into engabalulekanga ngokupheleleyo ...
I-ORM yethu ivelisa izakhiwo ezisekelwe kwimodeli yedatha. Mna. Kwaye ke ngoko zonke iindlela zikhonkrithi, musa ukusebenzisa ukubonakalisa, njl. Bamkela izakhiwo kwaye balindele ukusebenzisa ezo zakhiwo ezizayo.
KWI: β Bangaphi abantu abathathe inxaxheba?
NKSK: - Kwinqanaba lokuqala, abantu ababini bathathe inxaxheba. Saqala kwindawo ethile ngoJuni, kwaye ngo-Agasti inxalenye ephambili yayilungile (inguqulo yokuqala). Kwakukho ukukhululwa ngoSeptemba.
KWI: -Apho uchaza i-SSE, awusebenzisi ixesha lokuvala. Kutheni kunjalo?
NKSK: - Ukunyaniseka, i-SSE iseyi-html5 protocol: umgangatho we-SSE wenzelwe ukunxibelelana nabaphequluli, njengoko ndiqonda. Ineempawu ezongezelelweyo ukwenzela ukuba iiphequluli zikwazi ukuphinda zidibanise (kunye nokunye), kodwa asizifuni, kuba sinabaxhasi abanokuphumeza nayiphi na ingqiqo yokudibanisa nokufumana ulwazi. Asizange senze i-SSE, kodwa into efana ne-SSE. Le ayisiyiyo iprotocol ngokwayo.
Kwakungekho mfuneko. Ngokokuqonda kwam, abathengi baphumeze inkqubo yoqhagamshelo phantse ukusuka ekuqaleni. Babengakhathali.
KWI: β Zeziphi izinto eziluncedo ezongezelelweyo ozisebenzisileyo?
NKSK: -Sisebenzise kakhulu i-govet kunye ne-golint ukwenza isitayile simanyene, kunye ne-gofmt. Akukho nto yimbi yasetyenziswa.
KWI: -Usebenzise ntoni ukulungisa ingxaki?
NKSK: β Ukulungiswa kweempazamo ubukhulu becala kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo. Asizange sisebenzise nayiphi na i-debugger okanye i-GOP.
KWI: β Ngaba unokusibuyisela isilayidi apho umsebenzi wokuPapasha uphunyeziwe? Ngaba amagama anobumba omnye ayakubhida?
NKSK: - Hayi. Banombono "omxinwa" wokubonakala. Azisetyenziswanga naphi na ngaphandle kwalapha (ngaphandle kwabangaphakathi kule klasi), kwaye idibene kakhulu - ithatha imigca ye-7 kuphela.
KWI: -Ngandlel' ithile ayikabikho intuitive...
NKSK: - Hayi, hayi, le yikhowudi yokwenyani! Akukho malunga nesimbo. Yinto nje esetyenziswayo, iklasi encinci kakhulu - kuphela amabala ama-3 ngaphakathi eklasini ...
NKSK: - Ngokubanzi, yonke idatha edityaniswa nabathengi (imidlalo yesizini, abadlali) ayitshintshi. Ukuthetha nje, ukuba senza omnye umdlalo apho kufuneka sitshintshe umdlalo, siya kuthathela ingqalelo yonke into kwinguqulelo entsha yomthengi, kwaye iinguqulelo ezindala zomthengi ziya kuvalwa.
KWI: -Ngaba kukho naziphi na iiphakheji zolawulo lokuxhomekeka komntu wesithathu?
NKSK: β Sasebenzisa ukuya dep.
KWI: -Kwakukho into malunga nevidiyo kwisihloko sengxelo, kodwa kwakungekho nto kwingxelo malunga nevidiyo.
NKSK: - Hayi, andinayo nantoni na kwisihloko malunga nevidiyo. Ibizwa ngokuba "Jonga +" - ligama lesicelo elo.
KWI: -Uthe isasazwa kubathengi?..
NKSK: -Asizange sithathe inxaxheba kwividiyo yokusasaza. Oku kwenziwa ngokupheleleyo yiMegafon. Ewe, andizange nditsho ukuba isicelo sasiyiMegaFon.
NKSK: - Hamba - ngokuthumela yonke idatha - kumanqaku, kwiziganeko zomdlalo, izibalo ... I-Go yi-backend yonke yesicelo. Umxhasi kufuneka azi kwindawo ethile ukuba yeyiphi ikhonkco enokusetyenziswa kumdlali ukuze umsebenzisi abukele umdlalo. Sinamakhonkco kwiividiyo kunye nemisinga esele ilungisiwe.
Ezinye iintengiso π
Enkosi ngokuhlala nathi. Ngaba uyawathanda amanqaku ethu? Ngaba ufuna ukubona umxholo onomdla ngakumbi? Sixhase ngokufaka iodolo okanye ngokucebisa abahlobo, , i-analogue eyodwa yeeseva zomgangatho wokungena, eyenzelwe wena: (ifumaneka nge-RAID1 kunye ne-RAID10, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24 cores kunye ne-40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd 2x ngexabiso eliphantsi kwiziko ledatha le-Equinix Tier IV eAmsterdam? Kuphela apha eNetherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - ukusuka $99! Funda malunga
umthombo: www.habr.com