Ngo-Agasti 2019, iRashiya, ngokokuqala ngqa emhlabeni (Ewe, kuyinyaniso), iqhube iprojekthi yorhwebo yokukhutshwa kwe-wireless ye-backbone optical cable kunye nomthamo we-40 Gbit / s. I-Operator Unity, i-subsidiary ye-Norilsk Nickel, isebenzise itshaneli enjalo ukuhambisa i-backup ye-wireless ye-11 yeekhilomitha ngaphesheya kwe-Yenisei.
Ngamaxesha ngamaxesha kumaphephandaba, kuquka noHabré, bayavela . Banomdla ukusuka kwinqanaba lenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ezi zisoloko ziyimvavanyo zophando. Kwaye nantsi iprojekthi yezorhwebo yangempela, kwaye kungekhona kwiimeko zeSilicon Valley okanye kwiyunivesiti yaseYurophu, kodwa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-taiga kwi-Arctic Circle. Okumangalisayo kukuba, lilizwe elikhulu kunye neemeko ezinzima zejografi kunye nemozulu ezidala iimeko zangaphambili zeeprojekthi ezinika iilabhoratri zophando ezingcono ukuba ziqhube imali yazo.
Ixesha leerekhodi zamva nje ezingenazingcingo:
- Meyi 2013, ngamaxesha okulinga ama-240 GHz njengovavanyo oludibeneyo ngoososayensi abavela kwiKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, iRadiometer Physics GmbH kunye neFraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics. Ubuninzi bomqondiso awufumaneki kusetyenziso lwentengiso.
- Meyi 2016: kuluhlu lwe-70/80 GHz, iqela elifanayo, kodwa njengovavanyo olutsha kwiifrikhwensi ezabelwe iiprojekthi zorhwebo,
- Novemba 2016: , iziko lophando lweLebhu yoQhagamshelwano kuFacebook,
- Ja nuwari 2019, , indawo yokuvavanya iDeutsche Telekom kwisixhobo se-serial Ericsson, ngoMeyi 2019, ukukala amakhonkco afanayo kwindawo yovavanyo efanayo ukuya kwi-8 ngokulandelelana wanika malunga ne-100 Gbit / s,
- Agasti 2019, , Umqhubi we-Norilsk "Ubunye" kwizixhobo ze-serial ze-DOK LLC (eSt.
Ngokwenyani, ngekungekho naliphi na irekhodi lonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo kwi-Arctic Circle ukuba bekungengenxa yokukhukuliseka komkhenkce kwiYenisei. Imvelaphi yeprojekthi yile ilandelayo - ngo-2017, emva kokuba abaqhubi abakhulu abathathu benqabile ukuphuhlisa unxibelelwano kwicala le-Taimyr, i-corporation ye-PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, isebenzisa iimali zayo, yakha ubude obukhulu (956 km) i-fiber-optic. umqolo (FOCL) ukusuka kwiNovy Urengy ukuya eNorilsk enomthamo we-40 Gbit / s. Le yindlela enzima ngokwenene, edlula kumhlaba onzima, yaye abakhi bayo bawongwa ngurhulumente ngalo msebenzi.
Enye yeengxaki zokusebenza yayikukuhamba kwentambo ye-fiber optic ye-40-gigabit kwi-Yenisei ngaphandle kweebhulorho; kwagqitywa ukuba kuqhutywe ecaleni komlambo, kunye nokuthembeka, kwafakwa iintambo ezininzi. Kodwa ukukhukuliseka komkhenkce kuyonakalisa ngokulula i-optics. Ngaphezu koko, i-ice drift kwi-Yenisei ayikho isiganeko sosuku olunye, kwaye akukho msebenzi wokulungisa emanzini uvunyelwe ngeli xesha lonke ngenxa yengozi enkulu kubantu.
Ukongeza kwiintambo ezongezelelweyo phantsi kweYenisei, indlela yayixhaswe yi-1 Gbit / s i-radio ye-radio relay channel evela kwiinqaba zonxibelelwano kumacala omabini omlambo, e-Igarka kunye nedolophana yasePriluki (lo mzila werediyo uyabonakala. kwisithombe esiphezulu - isitya esikhulu). Kodwa yintoni i-1 Gbit / s ukubonelela yonke indawo yoshishino yaseNorilsk kwimeko yomonakalo kwi-optics ... - iinyembezi. Ngoko ke, ngexesha lekwindla-ebusika lika-2018-2019, i-Norilsk operator Unity, inxalenye yesakhiwo se-PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, yaqala umsebenzi woyilo ekwakhiweni kwetshaneli engenazingcingo ngaphesheya kweYenisei kunye nomthamo ongekho ngaphantsi kwefiber- umgca we-optic.
Ukumangaliswa kweengcali ze-Unity, akukho nanye kwiimpawu zezonxibelelwano zehlabathi zamkela iziphakamiso zokubonelela ngezixhobo ze-40-gigabit channel wireless kumgama we-11 km. Kwaye inqaku apha lichanekileyo indibaniselwano entsonkothileyo yomthamo wetshaneli ephezulu kunye noluhlu. Izixhobo ze-serial zanamhlanje ezinomthamo we-10 Gbit / s okanye ngaphezulu kuluhlu lwe-70/80 GHz lunophawu olunjengoluhlu olulinganiselwe kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa ukuba kunye nezicwangciso ze-encoding eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana ne-QAM128 okanye i-QAM256 - kwaye kuphela ziyakwazi ukubonelela nge-10 Gbit / s okanye ngaphezulu - kunzima ukubonelela nayiphi na i-transmitter enamandla amakhulu. Iindlela ze-3-5 km zilula, kodwa kwi-11 km i-signal attenuation iba yinto enkulu kakhulu kwaye akukho nxibelelwano kumgangatho we-10GE unokufumaneka.
Umngeni wamkelwa ngumphuhlisi wasekhaya ovela eSt. . Wayesele ephuhlise iibhulorho zikanomathotholo ezibonelela ngoluhlu oluyimfuneko. Kwaye ngaphambi kokuba le projekthi, bavavanye i-40 ye-Gbit / s itshaneli ngendlela ye-4 esebenza ngokubambisana i-10 Gbit / s iibhulorho zerediyo kwindawo yabo yokuvavanya i-4 km, kwaye babeqinisekile ukuba kwakunokwenzeka ukufumana umthamo onjalo. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, akukho mntu kwishishini lezonxibelelwano oke wazama ukuhlanganisa iibhulorho zerediyo ezi-4 ezihambelanayo ezisebenza kwi-10 Gbit / s kumgama we-11 km.
Emva kokufumana ukwaliwa kwiimpawu zehlabathi, umthengi, omelwe yi-Edinstvo LLC, naye wayengaqinisekanga ukuba izixhobo zasekhaya ziya kuhlangabezana nale projekthi. Ke ngoko, kwagqitywa ekubeni kuqale kufakwe ibhulorho yerediyo ye-10 Gbit/s ngaphezulu kwe-11 km njengenqanaba lokulinga. Kwaye ukuba izibonakalise kakuhle, ke ulinganise umsebenzi kwiibhulorho zerediyo ezi-4 ezihambelanayo.
Ukusuka kumbono wezobugcisa, akuyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo ukuhambisa i-40 Gbit / s kwitshaneli enye, zombini emoyeni nangaphezulu kwentambo ye-optical. Kulula kakhulu ukudlulisa idatha ngaphezulu kwe-10 Gbit/s "imisonto" ehambelanayo. Izixhobo zenethiwekhi ze-10GE zingabizi kwaye zifikeleleke ngakumbi kune-40GE switch. Ukongezelela, "imisonto" ehambelanayo inika ukuthembeka okukhulu kwijelo lonke.
Kodwa bekukho ingxaki yokuba, ngokungafaniyo nentambo yokukhanya, apho isiginali ecaleni kwemicu enxuseneyo ayichaphazeli nangayiphi na indlela, amajelo onomathotholo afumana ukuphazamiseka okufanayo, ukuya kuthi ga ekungaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo konxibelelwano. Oku kujongwa ngokusebenzisa i-polarization eyahlukeneyo yomqondiso kunye nokusabalalisa izibonakaliso ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kodwa oku kulula ukuthetha, kunzima kakhulu ukuphumeza "kwi-hardware". Iqela laseSt. Petersburg lenze i-circuitry ngokusebenzisa i-microcircuits ye-microwave enkulu (i-MMIC, i-Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) esekelwe kwi-gallium arsenide kwaye babeqinisekile kwisisombululo sabo se-circuitry.
“Iibhulorho zikanomathotholo zanamhlanje zomgangatho we-10GE kwihlabathi liphela zenziwa kusetyenziswa iitshiphusi ze-microwave zorhwebo. Kule ndawo, akusebenzi ukwenza uphuhliso oludibeneyo oluthe nkqo, xa zonke iinkqubo zobugcisa ziqhutyelwa kwinkampani enye - ukusuka kwi-sputtering microwave chips ukuya ekuhlanganiseni amacandelo kwimveliso egqityiweyo. Oku kuphantse kufane nokuba zingaphi iinkampani ezenza iibhodi zekhompyuter ngokusekelwe kwiitshiphusi ezivela kwi-Intel kunye ne-AMD. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo neebhodi zePC eziveliswe ngobuninzi, ukuseta iitshiphusi ze-microwave, emva koko ukukhulisa umqondiso kunye nokuwondla kwi-antenna kufuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo, kwaye oku, enyanisweni, ngumxholo wenkampani ethi Know-How, "utshilo uValery Salomatov, iprojekthi. umphathi DOK LLC.
I-pilot ye-10 Gbit / s imodeli yebhulorho yerediyo ye-PPC-10G-E-HP isebenze ngempumelelo kwiinqaba ezisecaleni kweYenisei kangangeenyanga ezimbalwa (ngoMeyi-Juni 2019). Iimvula zasehlotyeni lelona xesha linzima kunxibelelwano lukanomathotholo lwemilimitha-amaza, kuba... amaconsi emvula afaniswa nobude be-wavelength (malunga ne-4 mm), okubangela ukuba buthathaka komqondiso. Ebusika le ngxaki ayenzeki, kuba... amahlwantsi ekhephu, kunye nenkungu kunye nomsi, irediyo iyabonakala kunxibelelwano olungenazingcingo kuluhlu lwe-70/80 GHz.
I-10 Gbit / s ibhuloho yerediyo evela kwi-DOK LLC ijongene neemeko zemozulu kunye nomgama, emva koko, ngokusekelwe kwizibalo malunga nokufumaneka komgca wonxibelelwano, umqhubi we-Unity wagqiba ekubeni alinganise kwi-4 iziteshi ezingenazintambo ezingenazintambo ezinomthamo we-10GE nganye. Ufakelo lwenziwa ziingcali ezivela kwinkampani ye-Edinstvo, eyafumanisa ngokuzimeleyo ubucukubhede bokuseta ngokwemiyalelo yezixhobo. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 2019, ibhulorho yerediyo
I-40 Gbit / s (4x 10 Gbit / s) nge-Yenisei yamkelwa ukuba isebenze ngokurhweba phambi kweqela lokulawula ukufakela kwinkampani ye-DOK.
umthombo: www.habr.com