Nalu uphononongo olucalucalulo, olungenabuqhetseba nolungenabuchwephesha lwe-Ubuntu Linux 20.04 inkqubo yokusebenza kunye neendidi zayo ezintlanu ezisemthethweni. Ukuba unomdla kwiinguqulelo ze-kernel, i-glibc, i-snapd kunye nobukho beseshoni yovavanyo lwe-wayland, asiyondawo yakho le. Ukuba eli lixesha lakho lokuqala ukuva malunga neLinux kwaye unomdla wokuqonda ukuba umntu obesebenzisa Ubuntu iminyaka esibhozo ucinga ngayo, ke le yindawo yakho. Ukuba ufuna nje ukubukela into engantsonkothanga kakhulu, ehlekisayo kwaye inemifanekiso, ke le yindawo yakho nawe. Ukuba kubonakala kuwe ukuba kukho ukuchaneka okuninzi, ukushiywa kunye nokuphazamiseka phantsi kokusikwa kwaye kukho ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwengqiqo - mhlawumbi oku kunjalo, kodwa oku kuphononongo olungelona lobugcisa kunye nolucalu.
Okokuqala, intshayelelo emfutshane yesihloko. Iisistim zokusebenza ezikhoyo: , kunye neLinux. Wonke umntu uvile ngeWindows, kwaye wonke umntu uyisebenzise. Phantse wonke umntu uvile ngoMaKosi, kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu oye wayisebenzisa. Ayinguye wonke umntu okhe weva ngeLinux, kwaye ngabona bakhaliphileyo nabakhe bayisebenzisa.
Kukho iiLinux ezininzi. IWindows yinkqubo enye, iMacOS ikwanye. Ewe, zineenguqulelo: ezisixhenxe, ezisibhozo, ezilishumi okanye eziPhezulu zeSierra, Mojave, Catalina. Kodwa eneneni, le yinkqubo enye, eyenziwa rhoqo yinkampani enye. Kukho amakhulu eLinux, kwaye zenziwe ngabantu abohlukeneyo kunye neenkampani.
Kutheni kukho iiLinux ezininzi kangaka? I-Linux ngokwayo ayiyona inkqubo yokusebenza, kodwa i-kernel, oko kukuthi, eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Ngaphandle kwe-kernel, akukho nto isebenzayo, kodwa i-kernel ngokwayo ayisebenzi kancinane kumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo. Kufuneka udibanise iqela lamanye amacandelo kwi kernel, kwaye ukuze konke oku kube neefestile ezintle, ii icon kunye nemifanekiso kwidesktop, kufuneka kwakhona utsale into ebizwa. iqokobhe lomzobo. Undoqo wenziwa ngabanye abantu, amacandelo ongezelelweyo ngabanye abantu, kunye neqokobhe lomzobo ngabanye. Kukho amacandelo amaninzi kunye namaqokobhe, kwaye anokuxutywa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, kubonakala abantu besine abahlanganisa yonke into kwaye balungiselele inkqubo yokusebenza ngokwayo ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ngamanye amazwi - ikhithi yokuhambisa Linux. Umntu omnye unokwenza ikiti yokuhambisa, ngoko ke zininzi izixhobo zokuhambisa. Ngendlela, "iinkqubo zokusebenza zaseRashiya" zisasazwa zeLinux, kwaye ukusuka eRashiya kukho kuphela amaphephadonga e-desktop ekruqulayo, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo zokusebenza ngeemfihlo zombuso kunye nolunye ulwazi oluyimfihlo.
Ekubeni kukho ukuhanjiswa okuninzi, kunzima ukukhetha, kwaye oku kuba yintloko yentloko kuye nabani na othe wagqiba ekubeni athathe umngcipheko kwaye azame ukushiya iWindows (okanye iMacOS). Ukongeza, ewe, kwiingxaki ezingakumbi zebhanal ezinje: "oh, iLinux inzima," "yeyabadwelisi benkqubo kuphela," "andizukuphumelela," "Ndiyoyika umgca womyalelo." Kwaye, njengesiqhelo, abaphuhlisi kunye nabasebenzisi bezabelo ezahlukeneyo bahlala bephikisana malunga nokuba iLinux kabani na epholileyo.
Ukuhanjiswa kweLinux kulwa kunye nomphambili odibeneyo ngokuchasene ne-Microsoft's hegemony. Umbhali womfanekiso wokuqala nguS. Yolkin, kwaye izinto ezingekhoyo zagqitywa ngumbhali wenqaku
Ndagqiba ekubeni ndihlaziye inkqubo yokusebenza kwikhompyuter yam kwaye ndaqala ukukhetha. Kudala ndakhe ndonwaba ngolu hlobo-ndakhuphela usasazo lweLinux kwaye ndaluvavanya. Kodwa oko kwakukudala kakhulu. I-Linux itshintshile ukususela ngoko, ngoko akuyi kuba buhlungu ukuvavanya kwakhona.
Kumakhulu aliqela, ndithathe ezintandathu. Yonke into iyahluka . Ubuntu yenye yezona zisasazo zidumileyo. Ngokusekwe kuBuntu, baye benza iqela lezinye izabelo (ewe, ewe, baphinda-phinda ngolu hlobo: ukusuka kwenye iLinux enye idityanisiwe, ngokwesiseko sayo-isithathu, emva koko isine, njalo njalo de kungabikho nto intsha. amaphephadonga edesktop). Ndisebenzise enye yezi zisasazo eziphuma (ngendlela, isiRashiya - ebizwa), ndiye ndaqala ukuvavanya Ubuntu kunye neentlobo zayo ezisemthethweni. Sixhengxe. Kwezi sixhenxe, akunyanzelekanga ukuba ubukele ezimbini, kuba enye yazo , kunye nenye ye . Makhe sijonge ezihlanu eziseleyo kunye neyokuqala. Ewe kunjalo, ixhomekeke kakhulu kwaye ineqela lezimvo ezinxulumeneyo.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu yintsusa. Ngeslang- "vanilla Ubuntu", ukusuka vanilla - umgangatho, ngaphandle kweempawu ezikhethekileyo. Izinikezelo ezintlanu eziseleyo zisekwe kuyo kwaye zahluke kuphela kwiqokobhe lomzobo: idesktop, iifestile, indawo yolawulo kunye namaqhosha. Ubuntu ngokwayo bujongeka njengeMacOS, kuphela ipaneli ayikho ezantsi, kodwa ngasekhohlo (kodwa ungayihambisa ezantsi). Ukuba yonke into ngesiNgesi - ndonqena ukuyitshintsha; enyanisweni, kukho isiRashiya apho.
Ubuntu ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqalisa
Ikati edubulayo ngamehlo ayo ngokwenene . Iyafana neekati, kodwa eneneni yeyosapho olwahlukileyo. Uhlala eMadagascar. Inguqulelo nganye ye-Ubuntu inegama layo lekhowudi: isilwanyana kunye nolunye uhlobo lwesichazi. Inguqulo 20.04 ibizwa ngokuba yiFocal Fossa. Ugxininiso lugxininiso ngengqiqo "yenqaku eliphakathi", kwaye uFossa uyakhumbuza kwakhona -Isoftware yoMthombo wasimahla kunye neVulekileyo, isoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo wasimahla. Ngoko emfanekisweni iFossa igxile kwinto ethile.
Xa ujonga nje umbono ulungile, kodwa uwohloka xa uqala ukusebenza. Ukuba awuboni iphaneli eqhelekileyo ngeefestile ezivulekileyo, njengakwiWindows, ke yonke into ichanekile: akukho phaneli enjalo. Kwaye kukho ii-icon zokusebenzisa izicelo ezikhankanyiweyo, kunye nenye into - Imisebenzi, efana noluhlu lweenkqubo ezivulekileyo kwi-Android.
Sifunda ukutshintsha phakathi kweefestile ku-Ubuntu: tsala imouse ukuya kwiMisebenzi, cofa, yalatha efestileni, cofa kwakhona. Yabona indlela elula ngayo?
Ijongeka inomtsalane, ngakumbi ngeepopayi ezintle ezigudileyo, kodwa ngokumalunga nokulula ayilunganga kakhulu. Kuya kuba kuhle ukuba konke endinokukwenza kukuphulaphula umculo kunye nokubukela iimuvi ngaphandle kokushiya isikhangeli - kodwa kufuneka nditshintshe rhoqo phakathi kweenkqubo, kwaye iifestile ezili-10 ezivulekileyo ngexesha elifanayo aliqhelekanga. Ngoku makhe sicinge: ngalo lonke ixesha ufuna ukutsala imouse kwenye indawo, cofa into ethile, yirhuqe kwenye indawo kwakhona (kwaye ukhangele iwindow oyifunayo hayi ngesihloko, kodwa ngomfanekiso omncinci), nqakraza kwakhona... Ngokubanzi, emva iyure uya kufuna ngokukhawuleza ukuyilahla le nkqubo kwaye ungaze ubuyele kuyo. Unako, ewe, ukusebenzisa ii-Alt-Tabs ukutshintsha windows, kodwa oku kwakhona liqhinga.
Ngendlela, kubonakala ngathi i-Android ngesizathu. Ngo-2011, abanye abantu abakrelekrele benza , wabona i-iPad waza wacinga: βEli likamva. Masenze i-interface ukuze ifane ne-Apple kwaye isetyenziswe kwithebhulethi. Ke zonke iitafile ziya kuba neqokobhe lethu lomzobo, sikwitshokholethi, kwaye " Ngenxa yoko, iitafile ze-Android zine-I-Axis, kwaye iMicrosoft ishiye apho. IiWindows ziyaphila kwaye zilungile, kodwa ujongano oluqhelekileyo lwe-Ubuntu lukruqukile. Kwaye, ewe, kuphela abathanda kakhulu abasebenzisa Ubuntu kwiitafile (ndiya kuthi ngoko nangoko-andizamanga nokuzama). Mhlawumbi kufuneka sibuyisele yonke into emva, kodwa ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi umzamo kunye nemali eninzi ityalwe kolu jongano oluqhubekayo nokuphuhliswa. Hayi ndithini... Noko usemhle. Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni ngokulula, kubonakala ngathi ungafaka ezinye izongezo eziza kubuyisela ipaneli eqhelekileyo ngeefestile. Kodwa andifuni kuzama ngazo.
Kwaye ndiye ndajonga ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo-Ubunta utya igigabyte ye-RAM kwangoko emva kokuqalisa. Iphantse yafana neWindows. Hayi enkosi. Okunye kubonakala kuyinkqubo eqhelekileyo.
Kubunta
Ukuba Ubuntu bujongeka njengeMacOS, ke - ukuya eWindu. Zibonele.
Kubunta kwangoko emva kokulayisha. Igama lekhowudi ikwayiFocal Fossa, kodwa umfanekiso wahlukile
Apha, ngethamsanqa, akukho nzame zokwenza inkqubo yethebhulethi, kodwa kukho inzame yokudala indawo yokusebenza eqhelekileyo yekhompyuter yedesktop. Imeko-bume yedesktop ibizwa ngokuba yi KDE- sukubuza ukuba imele ntoni. Kwintetho eqhelekileyo - "iiteki". Kungoko "K" egameni lenkqubo yokusebenza. Ngokuqhelekileyo bathanda unobumba "K": ukuba uyasebenza, bongeza igama leprogram ekuqaleni; ukuba ayisebenzi, ayinamsebenzi, bayongeza ekupheleni kwegama. Ubuncinci baya kuyizoba kwibheji.
Ngaba ngokwenene ikukhumbuza ngeWindu?
Umbala wombala ufana ne "shumi", kwaye "ding" xa isaziso sibonakala siyafana ... Ukunyaniseka, kungekhona i-Kubunta, kodwa uhlobo oluthile lwe-Windubunta. Iinzame zoku "mow" phantsi kweWindows zihamba kakhulu kangangokuba ungawaqwalasela amaqhosha njengakwiWindows - nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yesizathu esithile, njengakwiWindows 95 (jonga umfanekiso wesikrini kwiisetingi ezisezantsi ngasekhohlo). Ngokuqinisekileyo, inkqubo "inokutshintshwa", kuba yonke into e-Linux inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, kwaye emva koko ayisayi kuphinda ibonakale njengeWindows, kodwa kusafuneka uhlolisise kwiisetingi. Ewe, ukuba kunokwenzeka: ukuba uvula iifestile kunye namaqhosha ukusuka kwi-95, ke inkqubo iya kuhlala isebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngo-2020. Kuyinyani, kuthobeke kulo mba: malunga ne-400 MB yememori emva kokulayisha phantse akukho nto. Khange ndiyilindele nokuyilindela. Kwakukho amahemuhemu aqhubekayo okuba "ama-sneakers" ayecotha kwaye alambile amandla. Kodwa kubonakala ngathi akunjalo. Ngaphandle koko, ibubunta obufanayo, kuba ngokobuchwephesha yinkqubo efanayo. Mhlawumbi ezinye iinkqubo zahlukile, kodwa iFirefox kunye neLibra Office zikwakhona.
Ubunta Mate
yinzame yokuphinda wenze Ubuntu njengoko kwakunjalo phambi ko-2011. Oko kukuthi, de i-original igqibe ukwenza inkqubo yeepilisi kwaye yenza into endiyibonise ngasentla. Emva koko abanye abantu abahlakaniphile abangafuni ukuyeka bathatha ikhowudi yegobolondo elidala lomzobo kwaye baqala ukucokisa kunye nokuxhasa. Ndikhumbula kakuhle ukuba emva koko ndajonga umsebenzi wabo njengemizamo yokuyila i-zombies kwaye ndacinga: "Kulungile, iprojekthi ayinakwenzeka, iya kujikeleza iminyaka embalwa kwaye ivale." Kodwa nantsi - ibiphila kwaye ilungile phantse iminyaka elishumi, ide ibandakanywe kwiindidi ezisemthethweni zobuntu. Kwenzeka. Sekunjalo, ukulangazelela kwabantu izinto zakudala akunakupheliswa.
Ewe, ewe, kukho iiphaneli ezimbini! Ukuba kukho nantoni na, iipaneli yile mizila emibini engwevu phezulu nasezantsi
Iqabane nguMATE, igama leliqokobhe lomzobo eliluhlaza. Umlingane nguye , isityalo esinjalo saseMzantsi Melika, yingakho siluhlaza. Kwaye iqabane likwangumhlobo, ngoko ke bacebisa βubuhloboβ. Iqabane alibonakali ngathi yinto konke konke β hayi uWindu okanye uMaKos. Kubonakala ngathi ngokwayo, okanye kunoko, njengombono wokuqala ovela kwi-Linux ye-90s kunye ne-XNUMXs: ukwenza kungekhona ipaneli enye ngeefestile kunye nee-icon, kodwa ezimbini: enye ngeefestile, enye eneempawu. Ewe, kulungile, kwasebenza. Ngendlela, unokubona ezinye iixande ezine kwikona esezantsi ekunene - oku kukutshintsha kwedesktop. Kwi-Windows, into enjalo isanda kubonakala, kwi-Linux ikhona ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo. Njengaye, unokuvula into yeshishini kwidesktop enye, emva koko utshintshele kwidesktop elandelayo kwaye uhlale kwiVKontakte apho. Enyanisweni, andizange ndisebenzise ngaphezu kwedesktop enye.
Ukuba uvula iifestile ezininzi, iya kujongeka ngolu hlobo
Ngaphandle koko, bububuntu obufanayo, kwaye ngokwemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nesantya - njengeyokuqala. Kwakhona kulula ukutya i-gigabyte yememori emva kokulayisha. Andicingi ukuba ndiyaxolisa, kodwa isakhubekisa ngandlelβ ithile.
Ubunta-Baji
wenze into engenakwenzeka: ukufana ngakumbi noMaKos kunoBuntu. UBadji ligama , mhlawu ngephutha. Nangona mhlawumbi uqikelele ngokwakho.
IMacOS yasimahla Ubuntu-Badji kwangoko emva kokukhuphela
Ndiyichaza indlela owavela ngayo lo mmangaliso. Xa ngo-2011 abanye abantu abahlakaniphile bagqiba ukwenza Ubuntu kwithebhulethi ... ewe, ewe, kulapho kwaqala khona kwakhona ukwenza endaweni yeZombies Ngokusisiseko uMntu oMtsha uya kuba neqokobhe elitsha lomzobo, eliya kuthi ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni ngokulula libe lifana nelakudala kwaye lingakhange lilungiselelwe iitafile, kodwa liya kuba lipholile, libe sefashonini, kunye netekhnoloji. phambili. Senze njalo safumana into efana noMaKos. Kwangelo xesha, abadali boBubuntu bokuqala baye benza kwaye benza kwaye bafumana into efanayo neMaKOS. Kodwa i-Badji, ngokombono wam, ifana kakhulu: emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iphaneli enee-icon ilungile apha ngezantsi, kwaye ayikho ecaleni. Oku, nangona kunjalo, akukwenzi kube lula ngakumbi: ngendlela efanayo, andiyiqondi indlela yokutshintsha phakathi kweefestile, andizange ndiqonde ngokukhawuleza ukuba ndicofa phi.
Mhlawumbi ubona intlantsi encinci, encinci phantsi kwe icon elungileyo? Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo iyasebenza
Ngokubanzi, malunga nokulula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kuyahluka kancinci kwi-original - i-gigabyte efanayo, njengoko ubona, kunye neengxaki ezifanayo "ngokuzinikela ngokulula ngenxa yobuhle." Kwaye, le nkqubo kufuneka ibe nengxaki enye: I-Baji iseyinto ethandwa kakhulu kuno-Ubuntu, ngoko ke amathuba okuba inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuthanda kwakho kwaye ilungiswe ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle angaphantsi kakhulu.
Lubunta
-Obu buBuntu kwiikhompyuter ezihlwempuzekileyo ezinamandla amancinci. "L" ithetha KDEName, oko kukuthi, ilula. Ewe, andizukubiza i-400 MB ye-RAM emva kokuqalisa ngokupheleleyo "ikhaphukhaphu," kodwa kulungile, masiyithathele yona.
Ilayishiwe, yathatha iselfie...
Kwakhona kufana ne-Windu kunye ne-sneakers, ngokulandelanayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ama-sneakers asekelwe kwi-teknoloji efanayo (andiyi kungena kwiinkcukacha, kodwa unako uku-google "Qt"). Kuyinyani, ukuze wenze into ekhawulezileyo kwaye ingabinamali kangako usebenzisa itekhnoloji efanayo (nangona ingakhange isebenze "nge-varacious encinci", kujongwa ngokusetyenziswa kwememori), kuye kwafuneka ukuba sitshintshe iqela leenkqubo kunye nezixhobo kunye ne-analogues yazo. , ezibonakala zilula kwaye ngoko zisebenza ngokukhawuleza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwavela kulungile, kodwa ngokubhekiselele kwimibono ebonakalayo, kwakungekho kuhle kakhulu.
Iifestile zesikolo esidala ezikwimo yeWindows 95. Ngapha koko, unokwenza ezintle ngakumbi, kodwa kuthatha ukubetha kancinci
Zubunta
-Le yenye inguqulelo "ekhaphukhaphu" ka-Ubuntu, kodwa inelinye iqokobhe lomzobo. Iqokobhe lomzobo libizwa Xfce (ex-f-si-i!), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha babhala ukuba eli lelinye lawona magama mabi kwi Linux. Kwi-slang - "impuku", kuba yiloo nto uphawu lwayo.
Kwikona ephezulu ekhohlo unokubona i-icon enobuso bempuku- olu luphawu lweqokobhe lomzobo. Ewe, kunye neenkwenkwezi ngasekunene, kubonakala ngathi nazo zazoba ubuso
Ngokumalunga nenkangeleko, yinto ephakathi kweWindows, iMacOS kunye nenguqulelo yokuqala. Enyanisweni, i-socket inokuthunyelwa ngokulula, kwaye iya kuba njengeWindows. Ngokumalunga nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokwezibonelelo, kufana noLubunta. Ngokubanzi, le yinkqubo elungileyo, eyilwe ngesitayela seklasikhi - hayi imfashini, kodwa ilungele umsebenzi.
ezifunyanisiweyo
Akukho zigqibo. Incasa ecocekileyo. Kwaye kukho ama-nuances amaninzi angaphezulu kwezobugcisa kwaye axhomekeke ekubeni ngubani oza kusebenzisa zeziphi iinkqubo kunye nokuba barhawuzelela kangakanani ukumba phantsi kwe-hood yenkqubo, oko kukuthi, kwiisetingi. Ireyithingi yam yobuqu mhlawumbi yile.
- Kubunta
- Zubunta
- Ubuntu
- Ubunta Mate
- Ubunta-Baji
- Lubunta
Ukuba uzama kabuhlungu ukudibanisa ukulinganisa okunjalo kunye nomxholo wenqaku kwaye uqonde ukuba kutheni oku kunjalo, ungazami. Ukuba awuyiboni ingqiqo, ewe, yonke into ichanekile, mhlawumbi ayikho. Njengoko ndithetha, ngumcimbi wokungcamla. Khumbula umfanekiso malunga neVendecapian ukususela ekuqaleni kwenqaku.
Kwaye ungalibali ukuba kukho amakhulu osasazo lweLinux. Ke mhlawumbi isiphelo βayiso Ubuntu kwaphela, kuphela Β».
umthombo: www.habr.com