Sacinga ngokudala inkqubo yokubeka iliso kwinqanaba lokuqulunqa amaqela emveliso. Kuye kwacaca ukuba ishishini lethu β ukuxhaphaza β aliweli kula maqela. Kutheni kunjalo?
Inyani yeyokuba onke amaqela ethu akhelwe kwiinkqubo zolwazi lomntu ngamnye, ii-microservices kunye nemida, ngoko ke amaqela angayiboni yonke impilo yenkqubo xa iyonke. Ngokomzekelo, banokungazi ukuba inxalenye encinci kwi-backend enzulu ichaphazela njani isiphelo sangaphambili. Umda wabo womdla ukhawulelwe kwiinkqubo apho inkqubo yabo idityanisiwe. Ukuba iqela kunye nenkonzo yalo A ayinalo uxhulumaniso nenkonzo B, ke inkonzo enjalo iphantse ingabonakali kwiqela.
Iqela lethu, lisebenza kunye neenkqubo ezidityaniswe kakhulu kunye nomnye: kukho unxibelelwano oluninzi phakathi kwabo, oku kusisiseko esikhulu kakhulu. Kwaye ukusebenza kwevenkile ye-intanethi kuxhomekeke kuzo zonke ezi nkqubo (esinazo, ngendlela, inani elikhulu).
Ke kuye kwavela ukuba isebe lethu alilolo naliphi na iqela, kodwa libekwe ecaleni kancinci. Kulo lonke ibali, umsebenzi wethu kukuqonda ngokubanzi indlela iinkqubo zolwazi ezisebenza ngayo, ukusebenza kwazo, ukudibanisa, isofthiwe, inethiwekhi, i-hardware, kunye nokuba konke oku kudityaniswa njani.
Iqonga apho iivenkile zethu ze-intanethi zisebenza khona zijongeka ngolu hlobo:
- phambili
- i-ofisi ephakathi
- ofisi emva
Nokuba singathanda kangakanani na, akwenzeki ukuba zonke iinkqubo zisebenze ngokutyibilikayo nangokungenasiphako. Inqaku, kwakhona, inani leenkqubo kunye nokudibanisa - kunye nento efana neyethu, ezinye iziganeko zingenakuphepheka, nangona umgangatho wokuvavanya. Ngaphezu koko, zombini ngaphakathi kwenkqubo eyahlukileyo kunye nokudibanisa kwabo. Kwaye kufuneka ubeke esweni imeko yeqonga lonke ngokubanzi, kwaye hayi nje nayiphi na inxalenye yalo.
Ngokufanelekileyo, ukubeka iliso kwezempilo kwiqonga elibanzi kufuneka kuzenzekele. Kwaye size ekubekeni iliso njengenxalenye engenakuthintelwa yale nkqubo. Ekuqaleni, yayakhelwe kuphela indawo yomgca ongaphambili, ngelixa iingcali zenethiwekhi, isoftware kunye nabalawuli behardware babenayo kwaye baseneenkqubo zabo zokubeka iliso kumaleko. Bonke aba bantu balandela ukubeka esweni kuphela kwinqanaba labo; akukho mntu wayenokuqonda okubanzi.
Umzekelo, ukuba umatshini wenyani uyantlitheka, kwiimeko ezininzi kuphela umlawuli onoxanduva lwehardware kunye nomatshini wenyani uyazi ngayo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iqela langaphambili labona eyona nyani yokuwa kwesicelo, kodwa lalingenayo idatha malunga nokuwa komatshini wenyani. Kwaye umlawuli unokwazi ukuba ngubani umthengi kwaye abe nombono onzima wento esebenzayo ngoku kulo matshini wenyani, ngaphandle kokuba luhlobo oluthile lweprojekthi enkulu. Kunokwenzeka ukuba akazi malunga nabancinci. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, umlawuli kufuneka ahambe kumnini kwaye abuze ukuba yintoni na kulo matshini, yintoni efuna ukubuyiselwa kunye noko kufuneka utshintshwe. Kwaye ukuba kukho into enzima ngokwenene yaphuka, baqala ukubaleka bejikeleza - kuba akukho mntu wabona inkqubo iyonke.
Ekugqibeleni, amabali ahlukeneyo achaphazela yonke i-frontend, abasebenzisi kunye nomsebenzi wethu ongundoqo weshishini - ukuthengisa kwi-intanethi. Ekubeni asiyiyo inxalenye yeqela, kodwa sibandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwazo zonke izicelo ze-ecommerce njengenxalenye yevenkile ye-intanethi, sithathe umsebenzi wokudala inkqubo yokubeka iliso ebanzi ye-ecommerce platform.
Ubume benkqubo kunye nesitaki
Siqale ngokuchonga iileya ezininzi zokubek' esweni kwiinkqubo zethu, apho kuya kufuneka ukuba siqokelele iimethrikhi. Kwaye konke oku bekufuneka kudityaniswe, yile nto siyenzileyo kwinqanaba lokuqala. Ngoku kweli nqanaba sigqibezela eyona ngqokelela yomgangatho ophezulu weemethrikhi kuzo zonke iileya zethu ukuze sakhe ulungelelwaniso kunye nokuqonda ukuba iisistim zinefuthe njani kwenye.
Ukungabikho kokubekwa kweliso olubanzi kumanqanaba okuqala okuqaliswa kwezicelo (ukusukela oko sathi saqala ukuyakha xa uninzi lweenkqubo bezisenziwa) kwakhokelela ekubeni sibe netyala elikhulu lobugcisa lokumisela iliso kulo lonke iqonga. Asikwazanga ukugxila ekumiseleni iliso kwi-IS enye kwaye sisebenzele ukuyibeka esweni ngokweenkcukacha, kuba ezinye iinkqubo ziya kushiywa ngaphandle kokubeka iliso ixesha elithile. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, sichonge uludwe lwezona metrics ziyimfuneko zokuvavanya imeko yenkqubo yolwazi ngokwemaleko kwaye saqalisa ukuyiphumeza.
Ngoko ke, bagqiba kwelokuba bayitye inxalenye yendlovu.
Inkqubo yethu ibandakanya:
- hardware
- inkqubo yokwenza;
- isoftware;
- iinxalenye ze-UI kwisicelo sokubeka iliso;
- imilinganiselo yeshishini;
- izicelo zokuhlanganisa;
- ukhuseleko lolwazi;
- uthungelwano
- umlinganisi wezithuthi.
Embindini wale nkqubo izibeke iliso ngokwayo. Ukuqonda ngokubanzi imeko yenkqubo iyonke, kufuneka wazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngezicelo kuzo zonke ezi maleko nakuyo yonke isethi yezicelo.
Ngoko, malunga nesitaki.
Sisebenzisa isoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo. Embindini sineZabbix, esiyisebenzisa ngokuyintloko njengenkqubo yokulumkisa. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ifanelekile kujongo lweziseko ezingundoqo. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Ngokuchanekileyo ezo metrics ezisezantsi ukuba inkampani nganye egcina isikhungo sayo sedatha (kwaye i-Sportmaster inamaziko ayo edatha) - ubushushu bomncedisi, isimo sememori, uhlaselo, i-network device metrics.
Sidibanise iZabbix kunye nomthunywa weTelegram kunye namaQela eMicrosoft, asetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo kumaqela. I-Zabbix igubungela umaleko wenethiwekhi yokwenyani, ihardware kunye nesoftware ethile, kodwa ayisiyiyo i-panacea. Sityebisa le datha kwezinye iinkonzo. Ngokomzekelo, kwinqanaba le-hardware, sidibanisa ngokuthe ngqo nge-API kwinkqubo yethu ye-virtualization kwaye siqokelele idatha.
Yintoni enye. Ukongeza kwi-Zabbix, sisebenzisa i-Prometheus, evumela ukuba sibeke iliso kwi-metrics kwisicelo esisingqongileyo esiguqukayo. Oko kukuthi, singafumana i-metrics yesicelo nge-HTTP endpoint kwaye ungakhathazeki malunga nokuba zeziphi iimetrics zokulayisha kuyo kwaye ezingekho. Ngokusekelwe kule datha, imibuzo yohlalutyo inokuphuhliswa.
Imithombo yedatha yezinye iileyile, umzekelo, iimethrikhi zeshishini, zohlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amathathu.
Okokuqala, ezi ziinkqubo zoshishino zangaphandle, i-Google Analytics, siqokelela i-metrics kwiilogi. Kubo sifumana idatha kubasebenzisi abasebenzayo, ukuguqulwa kunye nayo yonke into enxulumene neshishini. Okwesibini, le yinkqubo yokubeka iliso ye-UI. Kufuneka ichazwe ngokubanzi.
Kudala saqala ngovavanyo lwezandla kwaye lwakhula lwaba luvavanyo oluzenzekelayo lomsebenzi kunye nokudibanisa. Kule nto senze ukubeka iliso, sishiya kuphela umsebenzi ophambili, kwaye sithembele kumakishi azinzileyo kangangoko kwaye angatshintshi rhoqo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Isakhiwo esitsha seqela sithetha ukuba yonke imisebenzi yesicelo ivalelwe kumaqela emveliso, ngoko ke siyekile ukwenza uvavanyo olusulungekileyo. Kunoko, senze ukubeka iliso kwe-UI kwiimvavanyo, ezibhalwe kwiJava, i-Selenium kunye neJenkins (esetyenziswa njengenkqubo yokuqalisa kunye nokuvelisa iingxelo).
Sasineemvavanyo ezininzi, kodwa ekugqibeleni sagqiba ekubeni siye kwindlela enkulu, i-metric yezinga eliphezulu. Kwaye ukuba sineemvavanyo ezininzi ezithile, kuya kuba nzima ukugcina idatha isexesheni. Ukukhutshwa ngalunye okulandelayo kuya kwaphula kakhulu inkqubo yonke, kwaye konke esiya kukwenza kukulungisa. Ke ngoko, sigxile kwizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingafane zitshintshe, kwaye sizijonga kuphela.
Okokugqibela, okwesithathu, umthombo wedatha yinkqubo yokuloga ephakathi. Sisebenzisa i-Elastic Stack kwiilog, kwaye ke sinokutsala le datha kwinkqubo yethu yokubeka iliso kwiimetriki zeshishini. Ukongeza kuyo yonke le nto, sinenkonzo yethu ye-Monitoring API, ebhalwe kwi-Python, ebuza naziphi na iinkonzo nge-API kwaye iqokelela idatha kubo kwi-Zabbix.
Olunye uphawu oluyimfuneko lokubeka iliso kukubona. Eyethu isekelwe eGrafana. Ibalasele phakathi kwezinye iisistim zokubonwayo kuba ikuvumela ukuba ubone iimethrikhi ukusuka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yedatha kwideshibhodi. Singakwazi ukuqokelela iimethrikhi zomgangatho ophezulu wevenkile ye-intanethi, umzekelo, inani lee-odolo ezibekwe kwiyure yokugqibela ukusuka kwi-DBMS, i-metrics yokusebenza ye-OS apho le venkile ye-intanethi isebenza kwi-Zabbix, kunye neemetrics zemizekelo yesi sicelo. ukusuka ePrometheus. Kwaye konke oku kuya kuba kwideshibhodi enye. Icacile kwaye iyafikeleleka.
Mandiqaphele ngokhuseleko - sithetha nje sigqibezela inkqubo, esiya kuthi kamva siyidibanise nenkqubo yokubeka iliso yehlabathi. Ngokombono wam, iingxaki eziphambili ezijongene ne-e-commerce kwinkalo yokhuseleko lolwazi zihambelana ne-bots, parsers kunye ne-brute force. Kufuneka sibeke iliso kule nto, kuba konke oku kunokuchaphazela ngokukrakra kokubili ukusebenza kwezicelo zethu kunye nodumo lwethu kwimbono yezoshishino. Kwaye ngesitaki esikhethiweyo sigubungela ngempumelelo le misebenzi.
Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo kukuba uluhlu lwesicelo luhlanganiswe nguPrometheus. Naye ngokwakhe udityaniswe neZabbix. Kwaye nathi sine-sitespeed, inkonzo evumela ukuba sijonge iiparameters ezifana nesantya sokulayisha kwiphepha lethu, iibhotile, ukunikezelwa kwekhasi, ukulayisha izikripthi, njl., ibuye ihlanganiswe ne-API. Ke iimethrikhi zethu ziqokelelwa eZabbix, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, sikwalumkile kwalapho. Zonke izilumkiso ngoku zithunyelwa kwiindlela eziphambili zokuthumela (okwangoku yi-imeyile kunye netelegram, Amaqela eMS nawo asandula ukuqhagamshelwa). Kukho izicwangciso zokuphucula ukulumkisa kwimeko enjalo ukuba i-smart bots isebenza njengenkonzo kwaye ibonelele ngolwazi lokubeka iliso kuwo onke amaqela emveliso anomdla.
Kuthi, iimetrics zibalulekile kungekuphela nje kwiinkqubo zolwazi lomntu ngamnye, kodwa kunye neemetrics ngokubanzi zeziseko zophuhliso ezisetyenziswa zizicelo: amaqela eeseva eziphathekayo apho oomatshini abasebenzayo basebenza khona, abalinganisi bezithuthi, iNethiwekhi yokuLawulwa kweBalancers, inethiwekhi ngokwayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamajelo onxibelelwano. . Iimethrikhi ezidityanisiweyo zamaziko ethu edatha (sinezinto ezininzi kwaye iziseko zikhulu kakhulu).
Iingenelo zenkqubo yethu yokubeka iliso kukuba ngoncedo lwayo sibona imeko yezempilo yazo zonke iinkqubo kwaye sinokuvavanya impembelelo yazo omnye komnye nakwizibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kusivumela ukuba sizibandakanye kucwangciso lwemithombo, ekwaluxanduva lwethu. Silawula izixhobo zeseva - ichibi ngaphakathi kwe-e-commerce, ikhomishini kunye nokuphelisa izixhobo ezitsha, ukuthenga izixhobo ezitsha ezongezelelweyo, ukuqhuba uphicotho lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, njl. Rhoqo ngonyaka, amaqela acwangcisa iiprojekthi ezintsha, aphuhlise iinkqubo zawo, kwaye kubalulekile kuthi ukuba sibanike izixhobo.
Kwaye ngoncedo lweemetrics, sibona imeko ekusetyenzisweni kovimba ziinkqubo zethu zolwazi. Kwaye ngokusekelwe kubo sinokucwangcisa into ethile. Kwinqanaba le-virtualization, siqokelela idatha kwaye sibone ulwazi malunga nesixa esikhoyo semithombo yeziko ledatha. Kwaye sele ungaphakathi kwiziko ledatha ungabona ukugaywa kwakhona, ukuhanjiswa kwangempela, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Ngaphezu koko, zombini kunye neeseva ezizimeleyo kunye noomatshini benyani kunye neqela leeseva zomzimba apho bonke aba matshini benyani bajikeleza ngamandla.
Ithemba
Ngoku sinondoqo wenkqubo yonke elungile, kodwa kusekho izinto ezininzi ekusafuneka zisetyenzwe. Ubuncinci, olu luluhlu lokhuseleko lolwazi, kodwa kubalulekile ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi, ukuphuhlisa isilumkiso kunye nokusombulula umba wokulungelelaniswa. Sinemigangatho emininzi kunye neenkqubo, kwaye kumaleko ngamnye kukho iimetrikhi ezininzi ngakumbi. Kuvela ukuba yi-matryoshka ukuya kwinqanaba le-matryoshka.
Umsebenzi wethu kukwenza izilumkiso ezichanekileyo ekugqibeleni. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-hardware, kwakhona, kunye nomatshini obonakalayo, kwaye kukho isicelo esibalulekileyo, kwaye inkonzo ayizange ixhaswe nangayiphi na indlela. Sifumanisa ukuba umatshini wenyani ufile. Emva koko iimethrikhi zeshishini ziya kukwazisa: abasebenzisi banyamalele kwenye indawo, akukho kuguqulwa, i-UI kwi-interface ayifumaneki, isoftware kunye neenkonzo ziye zafa.
Kule meko, siya kufumana i-spam evela kwizilumkiso, kwaye oku akusangeni kwifomathi yenkqubo efanelekileyo yokubeka iliso. Umbuzo wolungelelaniso uvela. Ngoko ke, ngokufanelekileyo, inkqubo yethu yokubeka iliso kufuneka ithi: "Madoda, umatshini wakho womzimba ufile, kwaye kunye nawo esi sicelo kunye nezi metrics," ngoncedo lwesilumkiso esinye, endaweni yokusibetha ngomsindo ngezilumkiso ezilikhulu. Kufuneka ichaze into ephambili - imbangela, enceda ukuphelisa ngokukhawuleza ingxaki ngenxa yendawo yayo.
Inkqubo yethu yesaziso kunye nokuqhubekeka kwezilumkiso yakhiwe malunga nenkonzo yomnxeba weeyure ezingama-XNUMX. Zonke izilumkiso ezithathwa njengeziyimfuneko kwaye zibandakanyiwe kuluhlu lokutshekisha zithunyelwa apho. Isilumkiso ngasinye kufuneka sibe nenkcazelo: kwenzeke ntoni, sithetha ntoni, sichaphazela ntoni. Kwaye kwakhona ikhonkco kwideshbhodi kunye nemiyalelo malunga nokuba wenze ntoni kule meko.
Oku konke malunga neemfuno zokwakha isilumkiso. Emva koko imeko inokuphuhliswa kwiindlela ezimbini - mhlawumbi kukho ingxaki kwaye idinga ukusonjululwa, okanye kukho ukungaphumeleli kwinkqubo yokubeka iliso. Kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kufuneka uhambe kwaye uyiqonde.
Ngokomyinge, ngoku sifumana malunga nekhulu lezilumkiso ngosuku, sithathela ingqalelo into yokuba ukulungelelaniswa kwezilumkiso akukalungiswa ngokufanelekileyo. Kwaye ukuba sifuna ukwenza umsebenzi wobugcisa, kwaye sicima into ethile ngenkani, inani labo landa kakhulu.
Ukongeza ekubekeni iliso kwiisistim esizisebenzisayo kunye nokuqokelela iimetrics ezithathwa njengezibalulekileyo kwicala lethu, inkqubo yokubeka iliso isivumela ukuba siqokelele idatha yamaqela emveliso. Banokuphembelela ukwakhiwa kweemetrikhi kwiinkqubo zolwazi esizibeka esweni.
Ugxa wethu unokuza acele ukongeza i-metric eya kuba luncedo kuthi nakwiqela. Okanye, umzekelo, iqela lisenokungoneli kwiimetrikhi ezisisiseko esinazo; kufuneka balandelele ezinye ezithile. EGrafana, sidala indawo yeqela ngalinye kwaye sinikezela ngamalungelo olawulo. Kwakhona, ukuba iqela lifuna iideshibhodi, kodwa bona ngokwabo abanako/abayazi indlela yokwenza oko, siyabanceda.
Ekubeni singaphandle kokuhamba kokudalwa kwexabiso leqela, ukukhutshwa kunye nokucwangciswa kwabo, ngokuthe ngcembe sifikelela kwisigqibo sokuba ukukhutshwa kwazo zonke iinkqubo akunamthungo kwaye kunokuhanjiswa yonke imihla ngaphandle kokulungelelaniswa nathi. Kwaye kubalulekile kuthi ukuba sibeke iliso koku kukhutshwa, kuba kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesicelo kwaye kwaphule into ethile, kwaye oku kubalulekile. Ukulawula ukukhutshwa, sisebenzisa i-Bamboo, apho sifumana khona idatha nge-API kwaye sinokubona ukuba yeyiphi i-release ekhutshweyo apho iinkqubo zolwazi kunye nesimo sazo. Kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngeliphi ixesha. Sibeka phezulu iziphawuli zokukhulula kwiimetriki eziphambili ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezibonisa ngokubonakalayo xa kukho iingxaki.
Ngale ndlela sinokubona unxibelelwano phakathi kokukhutshwa okutsha kunye neengxaki ezivelayo. Ingcamango ephambili kukuqonda indlela inkqubo esebenza ngayo kuzo zonke iileya, ngokukhawuleza ukubeka ingxaki kwindawo kwaye uyilungise ngokukhawuleza. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kuyenzeka ukuba into ethatha ixesha elininzi ayizisombululi ingxaki, kodwa ukukhangela unobangela.
Kwaye kule ndawo kwixesha elizayo sifuna ukugxila kwi-proactivity. Ngokufanelekileyo, ndingathanda ukwazi malunga nengxaki esondelayo kwangaphambili, kwaye kungekhona emva kwenyani, ukuze ndikwazi ukuyinqanda kunokuba ndiyisombulule. Ngamanye amaxesha ii-alam zobuxoki zenkqubo yokubeka iliso ziyenzeka, zombini ngenxa yempazamo yomntu kunye nangenxa yotshintsho kwisicelo. Kwaye sisebenza koku, siyilungisa, kwaye sizame ukulumkisa abasebenzisi abayisebenzisa nathi malunga noku phambi kwayo nayiphi na inkohliso yenkqubo yokubeka iliso. , okanye yenza le misebenzi kwifestile yobugcisa.
Ngoko ke, inkqubo iye yaqaliswa kwaye isebenza ngempumelelo ukususela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ... kwaye ibonisa inzuzo yokwenene kakhulu. Ewe, olu ayilulo uguqulelo lwayo lokugqibela; siza kube sazisa izinto ezininzi eziluncedo. Kodwa ngoku, ngokudityaniswa okuninzi kunye nosetyenziso, ukujonga i-automation ayinakuthintelwa.
Ukuba ubeka iliso kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu ezinenani elibalulekileyo lokudityaniswa, bhala kwizimvo ukuba yeyiphi ibhulethi yesilivere oyifumene kule nto.
umthombo: www.habr.com