🥇Ingqondo + VPS ye-30 ruble =?

Kuhle kakhulu xa zonke izinto ezincinci eziyimfuneko zikufuphi: ipeni elungileyo kunye nencwadana yokubhala, ipensile ebukhali, impuku ekhululekile, iingcingo ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo, njl. Ezi zinto zingabonakaliyo azitsali ingqalelo, kodwa zongeza intuthuzelo ebomini. Ibali elifanayo linezicelo ezahlukeneyo zeselfowuni kunye nedesktop: kwiscreenshots ezinde, ukunciphisa ubungakanani bomfanekiso, ukubala iimali zomntu, izichazi-magama, abaguquleli, abaguquli, njl. Ingaba unayo? VPS -eyinto engabizi, ehlala isondele kwaye izisa iinzuzo ezininzi? Hayi, hayi le onayo kwinkampani yakho, kodwa eyakho, "epokothweni" enye. Sasicinga ukuba ngaphandle kweVPS encinci ngo-2019 yayibuhlungu ngandlela thile, nje ngaphandle kwepeni eqhelekileyo yomthombo kwintetho. Kutheni ukuba buhlungu? Kusehlotyeni. Injani ihlobo? Ihlobo lengcali ye-IT: ukuhlala ekhaya, usebenza kwiiprojekthi zakho ozithandayo ngaphandle kokuzisola. Ngokubanzi, sasicinga kwaye sayenza.

Ubukomanisi bufikile, maqabane.

Unjalo-i-VPS yethu engamashumi amathathu

Sifunde amanqaku amaninzi avela kukhuphiswano kunye nabasebenzisi ababhala iminyaka eyi-3-4 edlulileyo malunga nokuba kutheni iVPS engabizi ayifuni. Ewe, kunjalo, ngoko i-VPS "ngepeni" yayiyintengiso ecocekileyo kwaye ayinakho ukunika amathuba aqhelekileyo okusebenza. Kodwa amaxesha ayatshintsha, iindleko zezixhobo ezibonakalayo ziyancipha kwaye ziphantsi, kwaye kwii-ruble ezingama-30 ngenyanga sikulungele ukunikela oku:

Iprosesa: Intel Xeon 2 GHz (1 undoqo)
Inkqubo Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS (ukhetho)
Idilesi ye-IPv1 e-4 enikezelweyo
I-10 GB yokugcina idatha kwiidrive ze-SSD zeshishini elikhawulezayo
I-RAM: 512 MB
Kwintlawulo yesibini
Itrafikhi engenamkhawulo

Uluhlu lweerhafu luxhomekeke kwizithintelo ezongezelelweyo zobugcisa, iinkcukacha kwi iphepha isipho sethu esipholileyo - i-VPS ye-ruble ye-30.

Ngubani lo mncedisi wenyani ofanelekileyo? Ewe phantse wonke umntu: abaqalayo, abanomdla, abaphuhlisi abanamava, abalandeli be-DIY kunye neenkampani ezithile.

Yintoni le VPS ifanelekileyo?

Sicinga ukuba abafundi bakaHabr ngokuqinisekileyo baya kufumana indlela yabo yokusebenzisa olu lungelelwaniso, kodwa sagqiba ekubeni siqokelele iimbono zethu ezikhethiweyo - kuthekani ukuba umntu uyayifuna, kodwa amadoda awazi?

Beka iwebhusayithi yakho elula, ipotfoliyo, phinda uqalise ngekhowudi, njl. Ewe, eyakho iwebhusayithi eyiliweyo yenza umbono olungileyo kumqeshi. Yibeke kwi-VPS yakho kwaye ube noxanduva lokhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwesayithi ngokwakho, kwaye kungekhona ngabasebenzi babanikezeli abaqhelekileyo bokubamba.
Sebenzisa i-VPS ngeenjongo zemfundo: bamba iprojekthi yakho, funda iimpawu zeseva kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yeseva, ulinge nge-DNS, tinker ngesiza esincinci semfundo.
Ngomnxeba. Ngamanye amaxesha usomashishini ozimeleyo, osebenza ngokuzimeleyo okanye inkampani encinci kakhulu idinga kakhulu i-IP telephony, kwaye abaqhubi bale fowuni babawa kakhulu. Kulula: sithatha iseva yethu, sithenge inombolo kumqhubi wefoni we-IP, simise i-PBX ebonakalayo kwaye senze amanani angaphakathi (ukuba kuyimfuneko). Imali eyongiwe inkulu.
Sebenzisa iseva ukuvavanya usetyenziso lwakho.
Sebenzisa iseva kwimifuniselo ye-DIY, kubandakanywa nokulawula kunye nokuqokelela idatha kwi-smart home sensors.
Indlela engaqhelekanga yokuyisebenzisa kukubeka umncedisi wokurhweba ngokutshintshiselana, i-robot yokurhweba, kumncedisi. Uya kuba noxanduva olupheleleyo lokuzinza kunye nokhuseleko lomncedisi, oku kuthetha ukuba uya kufumana isixhobo esilawulwayo sokuthengisa kwiimarike zemasheya. Ewe, ukuba nabani na unomdla okanye ucwangcisa :)

Kukho izicelo ze-VPS ezinjalo kwi-corporate sphere. Ukongeza kwinkonzo yomnxeba esele ikhankanyiwe, unokuphumeza izinto ezininzi ezinomdla. Umzekelo:

Beka i-database encinci kunye nolwazi oluya kufumaneka kubasebenzi abahambahambayo kude, umzekelo, usebenzisa i-ftp. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba utshintshe ngokukhawuleza uhlalutyo olutsha, ulungelelwaniso oluhlaziyiweyo lwabantu abathengisayo, imiboniso, njl.
Nika ukufikelela okwexeshana kubasebenzisi okanye abathengi ukubonisa isoftware okanye imidiya.

I-VPS yokuvavanya idrayivu ye-ruble ye-30 - yenzelwe wena

I-ruble ye-30 incinci kangangokuba awufuni nokukhupha ikhadi ukuze uhlawule kwaye uvavanye. Nathi ngamanye amaxesha sonqena, kodwa kwesi sihlandlo sikwenzele yonke into. Ngaphambi kokuba siqalise iiseva edabini, senze uvavanyo lokujonga zonke iinkcukacha kwaye sibonise ukuba iiseva ziyakwazi ukwenza ntoni kule ntlawulo. Ukwenza umdla ngakumbi, songeze ngokugqithisileyo kwaye sajonga ukuba olu lungelelwaniso luya kuziphatha njani ukuba ubuninzi kunye nomthwalo ugqithise kumaxabiso esiwabekileyo.

Inginginya ibiphantsi komthwalo wenani lomatshini onenyani abenze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kumqhubekekisi kwaye basebenzise ngokusebenzayo inkqubo esezantsi yediski. Injongo kukulinganisa ukuxinana okuphezulu kokubekwa kunye nomthwalo othelekiseka okanye omkhulu kunowokulwa.

Ukongeza kumsebenzi oqhubekayo, sifake oomatshini abathathu ababonakalayo abaqokelela iimetrikhi zokwenziwa sisebenzisa i-sysbench, iziphumo zayo ezilinganiselweyo ziboniswe ngezantsi, kunye noomatshini abangama-50 ababonakalayo abavelise umthwalo womsebenzi owongezelelweyo. Zonke iimatshini ezivavanyayo ezingabonakaliyo zazinoqwalaselo olufanayo (i-single core, i-512 GB RAM, i-10 GB SSD), kwaye umfanekiso oqhelekileyo ukhethwe njengenkqubo yokusebenza. debian 9.6, enikezelwa kubasebenzisi abakwi-RUVDS.

Umthwalo uye walinganiswa kwindalo kunye nobukhulu obunokuthelekiswa nokulwa:

Abanye oomatshini benyani baphehlelelwa ngomthwalo ophantsi
Abanye oomatshini baqhube iskripthi sovavanyo esilinganisa umthwalo kumqhubekekisi (usebenzisa into eluncedo uxinzelelo)
Kwinxalenye eseleyo yoomatshini benyani, siqhube iskripthi esisebenzisa i-dd ukukopa idatha ukusuka kwidatha elungiselelwe kwangaphambili ukuya kwidisk kunye nomda omiselweyo usebenzisa i-pv (imizekelo inokubonwa. apha и apha).

Kwakhona, njengoko ukhumbula, sasinoomatshini abathathu abaqokelela i-synthetic metrics.

Kumatshini ngamnye, iskripthi senziwe ngokujikelezayo rhoqo ngemizuzu eyi-15, eqhuba iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ze-sysbench zeprosesa, imemori kunye nediski.

Iscript sysbench.sh

#!/bin/bash
date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=cpu run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=memory run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqwr run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqrd run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=rndrw run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt

Iziphumo zinikezelwe lula kwifomathi ye-sysbench, kodwa amaxabiso aphakathi kulo lonke ixesha lovavanyo athatyathwe kubo bonke oomatshini, umphumo unokubonwa apha:

Sysbanch-avg.txtsysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Ukuqhuba uvavanyo ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
Inani lemisonto: 1

Ukwenza ibhentshi yokusebenza kweCPU

Imisonto iqalile!
Yenziwe.

Elona nani liphambili livavanyiwe kuvavanyo lwe-CPU: 10000

Isishwankathelo sokwenziwa kovavanyo:
ixesha lilonke: 19.2244s
lilonke inani leziganeko: 10000
Ixesha lilonke elithathiweyo kukwenziwa komnyhadala: 19.2104
Iinkcukacha manani zesicelo ngasinye:
umz: 1.43ms
avg: 1.92ms
ubuninzi: 47.00ms
malunga. Ipesenti ye-95: 3.02ms

Imisonto enobulungisa:
iziganeko (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
ixesha lokwenziwa (avg/stddev): 19.2104/0.00

I-sysbench 0.4.12: ibhentshi yokuvavanya inkqubo enemisonto emininzi

Ukuqhuba uvavanyo ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
Inani lemisonto: 1

Ukwenza uvavanyo lwesantya semisebenzi yememori
Ubungakanani bebhloko yememori: 1K

Ubungakanani bokudluliselwa kwememori: 102400M

Uhlobo lwemisebenzi yememori: bhala
Uhlobo lomda wememori: jikelele
Imisonto iqalile!
Yenziwe.

Imisebenzi eyenziwayo: 104857600 (328001.79 ops/sec)

102400.00 MB idluliselwe (320.32 MB/umzuzwana)

Isishwankathelo sokwenziwa kovavanyo:
ixesha lilonke: 320.9155s
lilonke inani leziganeko: 104857600
Ixesha lilonke elithathiweyo kukwenziwa komnyhadala: 244.8399
Iinkcukacha manani zesicelo ngasinye:
umz: 0.00ms
avg: 0.00ms
ubuninzi: 139.41ms
malunga. Ipesenti ye-95: 0.00ms

Imisonto enobulungisa:
iziganeko (avg/stddev): 104857600.0000/0.00
ixesha lokwenziwa (avg/stddev): 244.8399/0.00

I-sysbench 0.4.12: ibhentshi yokuvavanya inkqubo enemisonto emininzi

Ukuqhuba uvavanyo ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
Inani lemisonto: 1

Ifayile eyongezelelweyo iiflegi ezivulekileyo: 0
Iifayile ze-128, i-16Mb nganye
2Gb ubungakanani befayile epheleleyo
Ubungakanani bebhloko 16Kb
I-FSYNC yexesha elithile yenziwe yasebenza, ifowunela i-fsync() kwisicelo ngasinye esili-100.
Ukufowunela i-fsync () ekupheleni kovavanyo, Inikwe amandla.
Ukusebenzisa imo ye-I/O ehambelanayo
Ukwenza uvavanyo lokubhala ngokulandelelanayo (ukudala).
Imisonto iqalile!
Yenziwe.

Imisebenzi eyenziwayo: 0 Funda, 131072 Bhala, 128 Okunye = 131200 Iyonke
Funda i-0b Ebhaliweyo 2Gb Iyonke idluliselwe i-2Gb (320.1Mb/sec)
20251.32 Izicelo/umzuzwana zenziwe

Isishwankathelo sokwenziwa kovavanyo:
ixesha lilonke: 6.9972s
lilonke inani leziganeko: 131072
Ixesha lilonke elithathiweyo kukwenziwa komnyhadala: 5.2246
Iinkcukacha manani zesicelo ngasinye:
umz: 0.01ms
avg: 0.04ms
ubuninzi: 96.76ms
malunga. Ipesenti ye-95: 0.03ms

Imisonto enobulungisa:
iziganeko (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
ixesha lokwenziwa (avg/stddev): 5.2246/0.00

I-sysbench 0.4.12: ibhentshi yokuvavanya inkqubo enemisonto emininzi

Ukuqhuba uvavanyo ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
Inani lemisonto: 1

Imisebenzi eyenziwayo: 131072 Funda, 0 Bhala, 0 Okunye = 131072 Iyonke
Funda i-2Gb Ebhaliweyo 0b Iyonke idluliselwe i-2Gb (91.32Mb/sec)
5844.8 Izicelo/umzuzwana zenziwe

Isishwankathelo sokwenziwa kovavanyo:
ixesha lilonke: 23.1054s
lilonke inani leziganeko: 131072
Ixesha lilonke elithathiweyo kukwenziwa komnyhadala: 22.9933
Iinkcukacha manani zesicelo ngasinye:
umz: 0.00ms
avg: 0.18ms
ubuninzi: 295.75ms
malunga. Ipesenti ye-95: 0.77ms

Imisonto enobulungisa:
iziganeko (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
ixesha lokwenziwa (avg/stddev): 22.9933/0.00

I-sysbench 0.4.12: ibhentshi yokuvavanya inkqubo enemisonto emininzi

Ukuqhuba uvavanyo ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
Inani lemisonto: 1

Ifayile eyongezelelweyo iiflegi ezivulekileyo: 0
Iifayile ze-128, i-16Mb nganye
2Gb ubungakanani befayile epheleleyo
Ubungakanani bebhloko 16Kb
Inani lezicelo ezingaqhelekanga ze-IO: 10000
Umlinganiselo wokufunda/uBhala wovavanyo oludityanisiweyo lwe-IO oludityanisiweyo: 1.50
I-FSYNC yexesha elithile yenziwe yasebenza, ifowunela i-fsync() kwisicelo ngasinye esili-100.
Ukufowunela i-fsync () ekupheleni kovavanyo, Inikwe amandla.
Ukusebenzisa imo ye-I/O ehambelanayo
Ukwenza uvavanyo olungenamkhethe lwe-r/w
Imisonto iqalile!
Yenziwe.

Imisebenzi eyenziwayo: 6000 Funda, 4000 Bhala, 12800 Okunye = 22800 Iyonke
Funda 93.75Mb Ebhaliweyo 62.5Mb Iyonke idluliselwe 156.25Mb (1341.5Kb/sec)
85.61 Izicelo/umzuzwana zenziwe

Isishwankathelo sokwenziwa kovavanyo:
ixesha lilonke: 152.9786s
lilonke inani leziganeko: 10000
Ixesha lilonke elithathiweyo kukwenziwa komnyhadala: 14.1879
Iinkcukacha manani zesicelo ngasinye:
umz: 0.01ms
avg: 1.41ms
ubuninzi: 210.22ms
malunga. Ipesenti ye-95: 4.95ms

Imisonto enobulungisa:
iziganeko (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
ixesha lokwenziwa (avg/stddev): 14.1879/0.00
Iziphumo zibonakalisa, kodwa akufuneki zithathwe njengeQoS.

Oomatshini abadala umthwalo owongezelelweyo

Isoftware:

ukufumana ukuhlaziywa
ukuphucula ukuphucula
ufumane-fake i-python-pip yokufaka
umbhobho faka i-mysql-connector-python-rf

Kufakiwe MariaDB, Indlela apha:

apt-get install libmariadbclient-dev
mysql -e "INSTALL PLUGIN blackhole SONAME 'ha_blackhole.so';" -- нужно для test_employees_sha

Isiseko sovavanyo sithathiwe kusuka apha:

Ugcino lwedatha lusetyenziswa njengoko kuchaziwe apha:

mysql -t < employees.sql
mysql -t < test_employees_sha.sql

Isiseko sovavanyo esincinci:

itafile

RowsCount

Ubungakanani bedatha (MB)

Ubungakanani besalathisi (KB)

amasebe

0.02

16.00

idept_emp

331143

11.52

5648.00

isebe_lomphathi

0.02

16.00

abasebenzi

299379

14.52

0.00

mivuzo

2838426

95.63

0.00

izihloko

442783

19.56

0.00

Inkonzo yovavanyo lwamandulo ibhalwe edolweni kwiPython; yenza imisebenzi emine:

getState: ibuyisela ubume
Fumana uMqeshwa: ubuyisela abasebenzi (+imivuzo, +izihloko) kwiziko ledatha
patchEmployee: utshintsho amasimi abasebenzi
FakaMvuzo: ufaka umvuzo

Umthombo wenkonzo (dbtest.py)

#!/usr/bin/python
import mysql.connector as mariadb
from flask import Flask, json, request, abort
from mysql.connector.constants import ClientFlag

app = Flask(__name__)

def getFields(cursor):
    results = {}
    column = 0
    for d in cursor.description:
        results[d[0]] = column
        column = column + 1
    return results

PAGE_SIZE = 30

@app.route("/")
def main():
    return "Hello!"

@app.route("/employees/<page>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployees(page):
    offset = (int(page) - 1) * PAGE_SIZE
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT {} OFFSET {}".format(PAGE_SIZE, offset))
    return {'employees': [i[0] for i in cursor.fetchall()]}

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    employee = {}
    found = False
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        found = True
        employee = {
            "birth_date": row[fields["birth_date"]],
            "first_name": row[fields["first_name"]],
            "last_name": row[fields["last_name"]],
            "gender": row[fields["gender"]],
            "hire_date": row[fields["hire_date"]]
        }
    if not found:
        abort(404)
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM salaries WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    salaries = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        salary = {
            "salary": row[fields["salary"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        salaries.append(salary)
    employee["salaries"] = salaries
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM titles WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    titles = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        title = {
            "title": row[fields["title"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        titles.append(title)
    employee["titles"] = titles
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "employee": employee
    })

def isFieldValid(t, v):
    if t == "employee":
        return v in ["birdth_date", "first_name", "last_name", "hire_date"]
    else:
        return false

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['PATCH'])
def setEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    setList = ""
    data = []
    for k, v in content.iteritems():
        if not isFieldValid("employee", k):
            continue
        if setList != "":
            setList = setList + ", "
        setList = setList + k + "=%s"
        data.append(v)
    data.append(id)
    print(setList)
    print(data)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("UPDATE employees SET {} WHERE emp_no = %s".format(setList), data)
    connection.commit()
    if cursor.rowcount < 1:
        abort(404)
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })

@app.route("/salary", methods=['PUT'])
def putSalary():
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    data = [content["emp_no"], content["salary"], content["from_date"], content["to_date"]]
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO salaries (emp_no, salary, from_date, to_date) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)", data)
    connection.commit()
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })


@app.route("/state", methods=['GET'])
def getState():
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "state": "working"
    })

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port='5002')

Nceda nceda! Naphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko kufuneka le nkonzo ithathwe njengomzekelo okanye isikhokelo!

Uvavanyo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa iJMeter endala. Uluhlu lweemvavanyo ezithatha imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwiiyure ezi-2 zaqaliswa, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ipesenti yezicelo zahluka, kwaye iziphumo zahluka ukusuka kwi-300 ukuya kwi-600 yezicelo ngomzuzu. Inani lemisonto ukusuka kwi-50 ukuya kwi-500.

Ngenxa yokuba i-database incinci kakhulu, lo myalelo:

mysql -e "SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS"

Ibonisa ukuba:

Buffer pool hit rate 923 / 1000, young-making rate 29 / 1000 not 32 / 1000

Ngezantsi ngumndilili wamaxesha okuphendula kwizicelo:

Label

umndilili

Median

90%Umgca

95%Umgca

99%Umgca

min

max

fumana uMsebenzi

37.64

12.57

62.28

128.5

497.57

4151.78

getState

7.57

30.14

58.71

193

2814.71

patchMsebenzi

161.42

83.29

308

492.57

1845.14

6639.4

ubekeMvuzo

167.21

86.93

315.34

501.07

1927.12

6722.44

Kunokuba nzima kuwe ukuba ugwebe kwezi ziphumo zokwenza ukuba le VPS ifaneleke kangakanani na kwimisebenzi yakho ethile kwaye, ngokubanzi, iindlela ezidwelisiweyo zikhawulelwe kwezo meko kwafuneka sijongane nazo ngendlela enye okanye enye. ngokucacileyo ayiphelelanga. Siyakumema ukuba wenze izigqibo zakho kwaye uvavanye iseva ye-ruble ye-30 kwizicelo zakho zangempela kunye nemisebenzi kwaye ucebise iinketho zakho zolu lungelelwaniso kumazwana.

umthombo: www.habr.com

Ubuchopho + VPS ye-30 ruble =?

Unjalo-i-VPS yethu engamashumi amathathu

Yintoni le VPS ifanelekileyo?

I-VPS yokuvavanya idrayivu ye-ruble ye-30 - yenzelwe wena