Ubuchopho + VPS ye-30 ruble =?

Kuhle kakhulu xa zonke izinto ezincinci eziyimfuneko zikufuphi: ipeni elungileyo kunye nencwadana yokubhala, ipensile ebukhali, impuku ekhululekile, iingcingo ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo, njl. Ezi zinto zingabonakaliyo azitsali ingqalelo, kodwa zongeza intuthuzelo ebomini. Ibali elifanayo linezicelo ezahlukeneyo zeselfowuni kunye nedesktop: kwiscreenshots ezinde, ukunciphisa ubungakanani bomfanekiso, ukubala iimali zomntu, izichazi-magama, abaguquleli, abaguquli, njl. Ingaba unayo? VPS -eyinto engabizi, ehlala isondele kwaye izisa iinzuzo ezininzi? Hayi, hayi le onayo kwinkampani yakho, kodwa eyakho, "epokothweni" enye. Sasicinga ukuba ngaphandle kweVPS encinci ngo-2019 yayibuhlungu ngandlela thile, nje ngaphandle kwepeni eqhelekileyo yomthombo kwintetho. Kutheni ukuba buhlungu? Kusehlotyeni. Injani ihlobo? Ihlobo lengcali ye-IT: ukuhlala ekhaya, usebenza kwiiprojekthi zakho ozithandayo ngaphandle kokuzisola. Ngokubanzi, sasicinga kwaye sayenza.

Ubukomanisi bufikile, maqabane.

Unjalo-i-VPS yethu engamashumi amathathu

Sifunde amanqaku amaninzi avela kukhuphiswano kunye nabasebenzisi ababhala iminyaka eyi-3-4 edlulileyo malunga nokuba kutheni iVPS engabizi ayifuni. Ewe, kunjalo, ngoko i-VPS "ngepeni" yayiyintengiso ecocekileyo kwaye ayinakho ukunika amathuba aqhelekileyo okusebenza. Kodwa amaxesha ayatshintsha, iindleko zezixhobo ezibonakalayo ziyancipha kwaye ziphantsi, kwaye kwii-ruble ezingama-30 ngenyanga sikulungele ukunikela oku:

• Iprosesa: Intel Xeon 2 GHz (1 undoqo)
• Inkqubo yeLinux (Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS ongakhetha kuyo)
• Idilesi ye-IPv1 e-4 enikezelweyo
• I-10 GB yokugcina idatha kwiidrive ze-SSD zeshishini elikhawulezayo
• I-RAM: 512 MB
• Kwintlawulo yesibini
• Itrafikhi engenamkhawulo

Uluhlu lweerhafu luxhomekeke kwizithintelo ezongezelelweyo zobugcisa, iinkcukacha kwi iphepha isipho sethu esipholileyo - i-VPS ye-ruble ye-30. 

Ngubani lo mncedisi wenyani ofanelekileyo? Ewe phantse wonke umntu: abaqalayo, abanomdla, abaphuhlisi abanamava, abalandeli be-DIY kunye neenkampani ezithile.

Yintoni le VPS ifanelekileyo?

Sicinga ukuba abafundi bakaHabr ngokuqinisekileyo baya kufumana indlela yabo yokusebenzisa olu lungelelwaniso, kodwa sagqiba ekubeni siqokelele iimbono zethu ezikhethiweyo - kuthekani ukuba umntu uyayifuna, kodwa amadoda awazi?

• Beka iwebhusayithi yakho elula, ipotfoliyo, phinda uqalise ngekhowudi, njl. Ewe, eyakho iwebhusayithi eyiliweyo yenza umbono olungileyo kumqeshi. Yibeke kwi-VPS yakho kwaye ube noxanduva lokhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwesayithi ngokwakho, kwaye kungekhona ngabasebenzi babanikezeli abaqhelekileyo bokubamba.
• Sebenzisa i-VPS ngeenjongo zemfundo: bamba iprojekthi yakho, funda iimpawu zeseva kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yeseva, ulinge nge-DNS, tinker ngesiza esincinci semfundo.
• Ngomnxeba. Ngamanye amaxesha usomashishini ozimeleyo, osebenza ngokuzimeleyo okanye inkampani encinci kakhulu idinga kakhulu i-IP telephony, kwaye abaqhubi bale fowuni babawa kakhulu. Kulula: sithatha iseva yethu, sithenge inombolo kumqhubi wefoni we-IP, simise i-PBX ebonakalayo kwaye senze amanani angaphakathi (ukuba kuyimfuneko). Imali eyongiwe inkulu.
• Sebenzisa iseva ukuvavanya usetyenziso lwakho.
• Sebenzisa iseva kwimifuniselo ye-DIY, kubandakanywa nokulawula kunye nokuqokelela idatha kwi-smart home sensors.
• Indlela engaqhelekanga yokuyisebenzisa kukubeka umncedisi wokurhweba ngokutshintshiselana, i-robot yokurhweba, kumncedisi. Uya kuba noxanduva olupheleleyo lokuzinza kunye nokhuseleko lomncedisi, oku kuthetha ukuba uya kufumana isixhobo esilawulwayo sokuthengisa kwiimarike zemasheya. Ewe, ukuba nabani na unomdla okanye ucwangcisa :)

Kukho izicelo ze-VPS ezinjalo kwi-corporate sphere. Ukongeza kwinkonzo yomnxeba esele ikhankanyiwe, unokuphumeza izinto ezininzi ezinomdla. Umzekelo:

• Beka i-database encinci kunye nolwazi oluya kufumaneka kubasebenzi abahambahambayo kude, umzekelo, usebenzisa i-ftp. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba utshintshe ngokukhawuleza uhlalutyo olutsha, ulungelelwaniso oluhlaziyiweyo lwabantu abathengisayo, imiboniso, njl.
• Nika ukufikelela okwexeshana kubasebenzisi okanye abathengi ukubonisa isoftware okanye imidiya.

I-VPS yokuvavanya idrayivu ye-ruble ye-30 - yenzelwe wena

I-ruble ye-30 incinci kangangokuba awufuni nokukhupha ikhadi ukuze uhlawule kwaye uvavanye. Nathi ngamanye amaxesha sonqena, kodwa kwesi sihlandlo sikwenzele yonke into. Ngaphambi kokuba siqalise iiseva edabini, senze uvavanyo lokujonga zonke iinkcukacha kwaye sibonise ukuba iiseva ziyakwazi ukwenza ntoni kule ntlawulo. Ukwenza umdla ngakumbi, songeze ngokugqithisileyo kwaye sajonga ukuba olu lungelelwaniso luya kuziphatha njani ukuba ubuninzi kunye nomthwalo ugqithise kumaxabiso esiwabekileyo. 

Inginginya ibiphantsi komthwalo wenani lomatshini onenyani abenze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kumqhubekekisi kwaye basebenzise ngokusebenzayo inkqubo esezantsi yediski. Injongo kukulinganisa ukuxinana okuphezulu kokubekwa kunye nomthwalo othelekiseka okanye omkhulu kunowokulwa.

Ukongeza kumthwalo oqhubekayo, sifakela oomatshini aba-3 abaqokelele i-synthetic metrics usebenzisa i-sysbench, iziphumo ze-avareji zanikwa ngezantsi, kunye ne-50 oomatshini ababonakalayo abadale umthwalo owongezelelweyo. Bonke oomatshini bovavanyo lwenyani babenoqwalaselo olufanayo (1 core, RAM 512 GB, SSD 10 GB), umfanekiso debian 9.6 umgangatho wakhethwa njengendlela yokusebenza, nto leyo enikezelwa kubasebenzisi RUVDS.

Umthwalo uye walinganiswa kwindalo kunye nobukhulu obunokuthelekiswa nokulwa:

• Abanye oomatshini benyani baphehlelelwa ngomthwalo ophantsi
• Abanye oomatshini baqhube iskripthi sovavanyo esilinganisa umthwalo kumqhubekekisi (usebenzisa into eluncedo uxinzelelo)
• Kwinxalenye eseleyo yoomatshini benyani, siqhube iskripthi esisebenzisa i-dd ukukopa idatha ukusuka kwidatha elungiselelwe kwangaphambili ukuya kwidisk kunye nomda omiselweyo usebenzisa i-pv (imizekelo inokubonwa. apha и apha).

Kwakhona, njengoko ukhumbula, sasinoomatshini abathathu abaqokelela i-synthetic metrics.

Kumatshini ngamnye, iskripthi senziwe ngokujikelezayo rhoqo ngemizuzu eyi-15, eqhuba iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ze-sysbench zeprosesa, imemori kunye nediski.

Iscript sysbench.sh

#!/bin/bash
date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=cpu run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=memory run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqwr run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqrd run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=rndrw run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt

Iziphumo zinikezelwe lula kwifomathi ye-sysbench, kodwa amaxabiso aphakathi kulo lonke ixesha lovavanyo athatyathwe kubo bonke oomatshini, umphumo unokubonwa apha:

Sysbanch-avg.txtsysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Doing CPU performance benchmark

Threads started!
Done.

Maximum prime number checked in CPU test: 10000

Test execution summary:
total time: 19.2244s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 19.2104
per-request statistics:
min: 1.43ms
avg: 1.92ms
max: 47.00ms
approx. 95 percentile: 3.02ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 19.2104/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Doing memory operations speed test
Memory block size: 1K

Memory transfer size: 102400M

Memory operations type: write
Memory scope type: global
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 104857600 (328001.79 ops/sec)

102400.00 MB transferred (320.32 MB/sec)

Test execution summary:
total time: 320.9155s
total number of events: 104857600
total time taken by event execution: 244.8399
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.00ms
max: 139.41ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.00ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 104857600.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 244.8399/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing sequential write (creation) test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 0 Read, 131072 Write, 128 Other = 131200 Total
Read 0b Written 2Gb Total transferred 2Gb (320.1Mb/sec)
20251.32 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 6.9972s
total number of events: 131072
total time taken by event execution: 5.2246
per-request statistics:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 0.04ms
max: 96.76ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.03ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 5.2246/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing sequential read test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 131072 Read, 0 Write, 0 Other = 131072 Total
Read 2Gb Written 0b Total transferred 2Gb (91.32Mb/sec)
5844.8 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 23.1054s
total number of events: 131072
total time taken by event execution: 22.9933
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.18ms
max: 295.75ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.77ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 22.9933/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Number of random requests for random IO: 10000
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing random r/w test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 6000 Read, 4000 Write, 12800 Other = 22800 Total
Read 93.75Mb Written 62.5Mb Total transferred 156.25Mb (1341.5Kb/sec)
85.61 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 152.9786s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 14.1879
per-request statistics:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 1.41ms
max: 210.22ms
approx. 95 percentile: 4.95ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 14.1879/0.00
Iziphumo zibonakalisa, kodwa akufuneki zithathwe njengeQoS. 

Oomatshini abadala umthwalo owongezelelweyo

Isoftware:

• ukufumana ukuhlaziywa
• ukuphucula ukuphucula
• ufumane-fake i-python-pip yokufaka
• umbhobho faka i-mysql-connector-python-rf

Kufakiwe MariaDB, Indlela apha:

apt-get install libmariadbclient-dev
mysql -e "INSTALL PLUGIN blackhole SONAME 'ha_blackhole.so';" -- нужно для test_employees_sha

Isiseko sovavanyo sithathiwe kusuka apha:

Ugcino lwedatha lusetyenziswa njengoko kuchaziwe apha:

mysql -t < employees.sql
mysql -t < test_employees_sha.sql

Isiseko sovavanyo esincinci:

itafile 

RowsCount 

Ubungakanani bedatha (MB)

Ubungakanani besalathisi (KB)

amasebe 

9

0.02

16.00

idept_emp 

331143 

11.52

5648.00

isebe_lomphathi 

24 

0.02

16.00

abasebenzi 

299379 

14.52

0.00

mivuzo 

2838426 

95.63

0.00 

izihloko 

442783 

19.56

0.00

Inkonzo yovavanyo lwamandulo ibhalwe edolweni kwiPython; yenza imisebenzi emine:

1. getState: ibuyisela ubume
2. Fumana uMqeshwa: ubuyisela abasebenzi (+imivuzo, +izihloko) kwiziko ledatha
3. patchEmployee: utshintsho amasimi abasebenzi
4. FakaMvuzo: ufaka umvuzo

Umthombo wenkonzo (dbtest.py)

#!/usr/bin/python
import mysql.connector as mariadb
from flask import Flask, json, request, abort
from mysql.connector.constants import ClientFlag

app = Flask(__name__)

def getFields(cursor):
    results = {}
    column = 0
    for d in cursor.description:
        results[d[0]] = column
        column = column + 1
    return results

PAGE_SIZE = 30

@app.route("/")
def main():
    return "Hello!"

@app.route("/employees/<page>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployees(page):
    offset = (int(page) - 1) * PAGE_SIZE
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT {} OFFSET {}".format(PAGE_SIZE, offset))
    return {'employees': [i[0] for i in cursor.fetchall()]}

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    employee = {}
    found = False
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        found = True
        employee = {
            "birth_date": row[fields["birth_date"]],
            "first_name": row[fields["first_name"]],
            "last_name": row[fields["last_name"]],
            "gender": row[fields["gender"]],
            "hire_date": row[fields["hire_date"]]
        }
    if not found:
        abort(404)
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM salaries WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    salaries = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        salary = {
            "salary": row[fields["salary"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        salaries.append(salary)
    employee["salaries"] = salaries
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM titles WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    titles = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        title = {
            "title": row[fields["title"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        titles.append(title)
    employee["titles"] = titles
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "employee": employee
    })

def isFieldValid(t, v):
    if t == "employee":
        return v in ["birdth_date", "first_name", "last_name", "hire_date"]
    else:
        return false

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['PATCH'])
def setEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    setList = ""
    data = []
    for k, v in content.iteritems():
        if not isFieldValid("employee", k):
            continue
        if setList != "":
            setList = setList + ", "
        setList = setList + k + "=%s"
        data.append(v)
    data.append(id)
    print(setList)
    print(data)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("UPDATE employees SET {} WHERE emp_no = %s".format(setList), data)
    connection.commit()
    if cursor.rowcount < 1:
        abort(404)
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })

@app.route("/salary", methods=['PUT'])
def putSalary():
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    data = [content["emp_no"], content["salary"], content["from_date"], content["to_date"]]
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO salaries (emp_no, salary, from_date, to_date) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)", data)
    connection.commit()
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })


@app.route("/state", methods=['GET'])
def getState():
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "state": "working"
    })

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port='5002')

Nceda nceda! Naphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko kufuneka le nkonzo ithathwe njengomzekelo okanye isikhokelo!

Uvavanyo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa iJMeter endala. Uluhlu lweemvavanyo ezithatha imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwiiyure ezi-2 zaqaliswa, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ipesenti yezicelo zahluka, kwaye iziphumo zahluka ukusuka kwi-300 ukuya kwi-600 yezicelo ngomzuzu. Inani lemisonto ukusuka kwi-50 ukuya kwi-500.

Ngenxa yokuba i-database incinci kakhulu, lo myalelo:

mysql -e "SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS"

Ibonisa ukuba:

Buffer pool hit rate 923 / 1000, young-making rate 29 / 1000 not 32 / 1000

Ngezantsi ngumndilili wamaxesha okuphendula kwizicelo:

Label

umndilili

Median

90%Umgca

95%Umgca

99%Umgca

min

max

fumana uMsebenzi

37.64

12.57

62.28

128.5

497.57

5

4151.78

getState

17

7.57

30.14

58.71

193

3

2814.71

patchMsebenzi

161.42

83.29

308

492.57

1845.14

5

6639.4

ubekeMvuzo

167.21

86.93

315.34

501.07

1927.12

7

6722.44

Kunokuba nzima kuwe ukuba ugwebe kwezi ziphumo zokwenza ukuba le VPS ifaneleke kangakanani na kwimisebenzi yakho ethile kwaye, ngokubanzi, iindlela ezidwelisiweyo zikhawulelwe kwezo meko kwafuneka sijongane nazo ngendlela enye okanye enye. ngokucacileyo ayiphelelanga. Siyakumema ukuba wenze izigqibo zakho kwaye uvavanye iseva ye-ruble ye-30 kwizicelo zakho zangempela kunye nemisebenzi kwaye ucebise iinketho zakho zolu lungelelwaniso kumazwana.

umthombo: www.habr.com