Inkokeli yobuchwephesha yaseTshayina iye yatyholwa ngobuntlola bezopolitiko, kodwa izimisele ukugcina kunye nokwandisa inzuzo yayo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.
URen Zhengfei, owayesakuba ligosa loMkhosi weNkululeko yaBantu baseTshayina, waseka iHuawei (ebizwa ngokuba yiWah-Way) ngo-1987. Ukusukela ngoko, inkampani yaseTshayina esekwe eShenzhen iye yaba yeyona mveliso inkulu yehlabathi, kunye neApple kunye neSamsung. Inkampani ikwavelisa i-elektroniki yabathengi kwaye yakha izixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye neziseko. Ibe sisigebenga samazwe ngamazwe ngengeniso ye-121 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2019.
Ngaphandle kokukhula okumangalisayo, iHuawei ihlala iyinkampani yabucala, ephethwe ngabasebenzi bayo ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkampani ayithengiswanga kuyo nayiphi na imarike yoluntu kwaye akukho mntu wumbi ngaphandle kwabasebenzi onokutyala imali kuyo. Ngaphandle kokungenzeki kotyalo-mali, umdla komnye wabavelisi be-smartphone abakhulu uyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ulenza phi ishishini uHuawei?
Ukongeza ekuveliseni ii-smartphones, iHuawei yakha amanethiwekhi onxibelelwano kwaye ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezihamba kunye. Ukusukela ngo-2019, inkampani iqeshe abantu abangaphezu kwe-190 kumazwe angaphezu kwe-000. Uninzi lweshishini lise-China, kunye namanye aseYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma, eAfrika naseAsia-Pacific.
Imiba ephambili
IHuawei yinkampani yamazwe ngamazwe yabathengi be-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano.
Ngaphandle kokukhula okuncomekayo, inkampani inabasebenzi abayi-100%.
IHuawei ibingumxholo wempikiswano njengoko amagosa ase-US ekrokrela ukuba urhulumente waseTshayina ubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yeshishini lenkampani.
Ngaphandle kweMelika, iHuawei iyaqhubeka nokubonisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwentengiso kwihlabathi liphela.
Akukho nto ibonisa ukuba inkampani icwangcisa umnikelo woluntu okanye uluhlu.
UHuawei ulenza phi ishishini lakhe kwaye ayenzi phi?
Ukuthandabuza kwehlabathi malunga neHuawei kukhule kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nengxelo yeNkongolo yase-US ka-2012 ebonisa umngcipheko wokhuseleko wokusebenzisa izixhobo zenkampani. Ngelixa uHuawei esithi i-100% yabasebenzi, amagosa ase-US ayathandabuza ukuba urhulumente waseTshayina kunye neQela lamaKomanisi banokuphembelela. Umthetho waseTshayina ofuna ukuba iinkampani zaseTshayina zincedise uthungelwano lwezobuntlola kuzwelonke, owapasiswa ngo-2019, uziphakamisile ezi nkxalabo.
Izohlwayo zase-US ngokuchasene neHuawei
Kwiinyanga ezili-14 ezidlulileyo, i-US yabeka izohlwayo kwiHuawei, ngokubhekiselele kuyo inkampani engavumelekanga ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yaseMelika. Ezi zohlwayo zaba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo e-UK ekubhengezeni ukuvalwa kweemveliso ezivela kumvelisi waseTshayina. "I-UK ayinakho ukuzithemba ukuba iya kuba nakho ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zeHuawei 5G ezichatshazelwa lutshintsho kwimithetho yemveliso yangaphandle yase-US," utshilo u-Oliver Dowden, umphathiswa wedijithali welizwe, kwingxelo.
NgoJanuwari 2018, iinkampani ezinkulu zeselula zaseMelika i-AT&T kunye neVerizon zayeka ukusebenzisa iimveliso zeHuawei kwiinethiwekhi zabo. Ngo-Agasti, i-Australia yagqiba ekubeni ingasebenzisi iimveliso zenkampani njengoko isakha iinethiwekhi zayo ze-5G kwilizwe lonke. NgoNovemba, iNew Zealand yavala uSpark, enye yeenkampani ezinkulu zezonxibelelwano zelizwe, ekusebenziseni iimveliso zeHuawei kuthungelwano lwayo lwe-5G. Ngaphandle kwezigqibo zoorhulumente bala mazwe, iHuawei inokwenza ishishini kunye neenkampani zabucala kuyo nganye yazo.
NgoDisemba 1, 2018, ngesicelo sikarhulumente wase-US, amagosa aseKhanada abambe uMeng Wanzhou, igosa eliyintloko lezemali likaHuawei kunye nentombi yomsunguli wenkampani. Nge-29 kaJanuwari 2019, urhulumente wase-US wafaka isicelo esisemthethweni sokuba abuyiselwe kwilizwe lakhe, etyhola ukuba wophule izohlwayo zase-US ngokuchasene ne-Iran. I-United States ikwayekile iHuawei ekwenzeni ishishini neenkampani eziphantsi korhulumente waseMelika ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwesohlwayo.
NgoJuni ka-2019, uMongameli uTrump wasusa izithintelo kwiHuawei njengenxalenye yothethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwe-US ne-China. Nangona kunjalo, uHuawei ubhengeze izicwangciso zokunciphisa imisebenzi engama-600 eSanta Clara, eCalifornia, kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba alifudusele eCanada ngoDisemba ka-2019.
Uyenza njani imali uHuawei?
IHuawei isebenza kumacandelo enkampani, ishishini kunye nabathengi. Ngenxa yokuba inkampani ayithengiswanga esidlangalaleni, ayithengiswanga kuyo nayiphi na imarike yemasheya kwaye ayidingeki ukuba ifake iifayile kwiKhomishoni yokuTshintshaniswa kwe-Securities Exchange (SEC). Nangona kunjalo, isaxela umvuzo wayo rhoqo.
Kwingxelo yayo yonyaka ka-2018, inkampani ibike ingeniso epheleleyo ye-8,8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, inyuke nge-19,5% ukusuka kunyaka ongaphambili. Inzuzo itsibe ngama-25%. Inkampani ithe ithengise ngaphezulu kwe-200 yezigidi zee-smartphones ngo-2018, emele ukonyuka okumangalisayo ukusuka kwizigidi ezi-3 ezithengisiweyo ngo-2010.
I-Huawei ibike ukuba ishishini e-China likhule nge-19% ngo-2018, e-Asia-Pacific likhule nge-15%, kwi-EMEA (iYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma kunye ne-Afrika) ikhule nge-24,2%, kwaye eMntla naseMzantsi Melika - yawa nge-7% kunye nemiboniso. ukwehla kunyaka wesibini ilandelelana.
Kutheni ungakwazi ukutyala imali kwiHuawei?
UHuawei unomnini wabucala ngabasebenzi baseTshayina. Nabani na osebenzela inkampani engaphandle kweTshayina akanakuthenga izabelo zayo. Abanini-zabelo benkampani bayavuma ukuba abaqondi ngokupheleleyo ubume benkampani, abafumani ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo malunga nokubamba kwabo, kwaye abanamalungelo okuvota. Amalungu angamashumi amathathu anesithathu anyula abagqatswa abasithoba ukuba bazimase intlanganiso yonyaka yabaninizabelo. Abaninizabelo bafumana izabelo kwaye banethuba lokufumana iibhonasi ezisekelwe ekusebenzeni. Imivuzo yabo ikwajongwa rhoqo ngonyaka.
Ngo-2014, abaphathi abaphezulu beHuawei babuzwa ukuba ngaba baya kuluthathela ingqalelo uluhlu lwentengiso yesitokhwe kwaye impendulo yaba nguhayi. Kodwa ngeemeko zangoku ezijikeleze inkampani, amathuba okuba iHuawei iye esidlangalaleni ikhona, ngakumbi ukuba inkampani idinga imali eyongezelelweyo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba iHuawei ingene kwimarike yaseMelika ngenxa yobudlelwane obubi kunye negama elikhulayo lenkampani njengentlola.
Ngokuphathelele kutyalo-mali kwiHuawei, into ebizwa ngokuba "apha kwaye ngoku" - kukho isisombululo esinye kuphela, kodwa iyazekelisa. Ukufumana imbuyekezo, kufuneka ube ngumqeshwa wenkampani yaseShenzhen (eTshayina), kwaye wenze abaphathi bakholelwe ukuba awuyontlola.
Impumelelo!
umthombo: www.habr.com