UTim Lister - umbhali-mbhali weencwadi
- "Into yomntu. IiProjekthi eziyimpumelelo kunye namaQela" (incwadi yokuqala ibizwa ngokuba yi "Peopleware")
- "Waltzing kunye neebhere: Ukulawula umngcipheko kwiiProjekthi zeSoftware"
- “I-Adrenaline iyaphambana kwaye ibonakaliswe ziipateni. Iipateni zokuziphatha kwamaqela eprojekthi"
Zonke ezi ncwadi ziiklasikhi kwintsimi yazo kwaye zabhalwa kunye noogxa babo . ERashiya, oogxa bakhe badume kakhulu - и , owabhala neencwadi ezininzi ezidumileyo.
U-Tim uneminyaka eyi-40 yamava ekuphuhliseni isofthiwe kwi-1975 (akukho namnye kwabo babhala le habrapost abazalwa kulo nyaka), u-Tim wayesele engumongameli we-Youdon Inc. Ngoku uchitha ixesha lakhe ebonisana, efundisa, kwaye ebhala, ngokundwendwela ngamaxesha athile iinkomfa kwihlabathi jikelele.
Senze udliwanondlebe noTim Lister ngakumbi kuHabr. Uya kuvula inkomfa ye-Devoops 2019, kwaye sinemibuzo emininzi, malunga neencwadi kunye nokunye. Udliwano-ndlebe luqhutywa nguMikhail Druzhinin no-Oleg Chirukhin bekomiti yenkqubo yenkomfa.
UMichael: Ungathetha amazwi ambalwa malunga nale nto uyenzayo ngoku?
Tim: Ndiyintloko ye-Atlantic Systems Guild. Sibathandathu kwiGuild, sizibiza ngokuba ziinqununu. Abathathu e-USA kunye nabathathu eYurophu - yiyo loo nto iGuild ibizwa ngokuba yiAtlantiki. Sineminyaka emininzi sikunye kangangokuba awukwazi ukuyibala. Sonke sinezinto zethu ezizodwa. Bendisebenza nabathengi kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo okanye ngaphezulu. Iiprojekthi zam azibandakanyi kuphela ulawulo, kodwa kunye nokusekwa kweemfuno, ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi, kunye novavanyo. Kubonakala ngathi iiprojekthi eziqala kakubi zidla ngokuphela kakubi. Ke ngoko, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqinisekise ukuba yonke imisebenzi icingelwa kakuhle kwaye ilungelelaniswe, ukuba izimvo zabadali zidityanisiwe. Kufanelekile ukucinga ngento oyenzayo nokuba kutheni. Zeziphi iindlela zokusebenzisa ukuzisa iprojekthi ekugqityweni.
Bendicebisa abathengi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo iminyaka emininzi. Umzekelo onomdla yinkampani eyenza iirobhothi zokuhlinzwa kwamadolo kunye ne-hip. Ugqirha wotyando akasebenzi ngokupheleleyo ngokuzimeleyo, kodwa usebenzisa irobhothi. Ukhuseleko apha, ukuthetha ngokuphandle, lubalulekile. Kodwa xa uzama ukuxoxa ngeemfuno kunye nabantu abajolise ekusombululeni iingxaki ... Kuya kuvakala kungaqhelekanga, kodwa e-USA kukho. (Federal Drug Administration), enika ilayisenisi iimveliso ezifana nezi robhothi. Ngaphambi kokuba uthengise nantoni na kwaye uyisebenzise kubantu abaphilayo, kufuneka ufumane ilayisenisi. Omnye wemiqathango kukubonisa iimfuno zakho, zithini iimvavanyo, uzivavanye njani, zithini na iziphumo zovavanyo. Ukuba utshintsha iimfuno, ngoko kufuneka uye kuyo yonke le nkqubo yovavanyo enkulu kwakhona kwaye kwakhona. Abathengi bethu bakwazile ukubandakanya uyilo olubonakalayo lwezicelo kwiimfuno zabo. Babene-screenshots ngqo njengenxalenye yeemfuno. Sifanele sibakhuphe kwaye sichaze ukuba ubukhulu becala zonke ezi nkqubo azazi nto ngamadolo kunye nezinqe, zonke ezi zinto kunye nekhamera, njl. Kufuneka siwabhale kwakhona amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze angatshintshi, ngaphandle kokuba iimeko ezisisiseko ezibalulekileyo ziyatshintsha. Ukuba uyilo olubonakalayo alukho kwiimfuno, ukuhlaziywa kwemveliso kuya kukhawuleza kakhulu. Umsebenzi wethu kukufumana ezo zinto zijongana nokusebenza emadolweni, esinqeni, ngasemva, sizikhuphe zibe ngamaxwebhu ahlukeneyo kwaye zithi ezi ziya kuba ziimfuno eziphambili. Masenze iqela elizimeleyo leemfuno malunga nokusebenza kwamadolo. Oku kuya kusivumela ukuba sakhe iseti yeemfuno ezizinzileyo. Siza kuthetha malunga nomgca wemveliso yonke, kwaye kungekhona ngeerobhothi ezithile.
Mninzi umsebenzi owenziwayo, kodwa sekunjalo bafikelela kwiindawo apho ngaphambili babechitha iiveki neenyanga zovavanyo oluphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kwentsingiselo okanye imfuneko, kuba iimfuneko zabo ezichazwe ephepheni azizange zihambelane neemfuneko zokwenene ezakhelwe zona ezi nkqubo. I-FDA yabaxelela ngalo lonke ixesha: iimfuno zakho zitshintshile, ngoku kufuneka ujonge yonke into ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ukujongwa kwakhona kwemveliso yonke bekubulele ishishini.
Ke, kukho imisebenzi emangalisayo xa uzifumana ekuqaleni kwento enomdla, kwaye ezona zenzo zokuqala zibeka imithetho eyongezelelweyo yomdlalo. Ukuba uyaqinisekisa ukuba lo msebenzi wangaphambili uqala ukusebenza kakuhle ukusuka kulawulo kunye nakwimbono yobugcisa, kukho ithuba lokuba uya kugqiba ngeprojekthi enkulu. Kodwa ukuba le nxalenye iye yaphuma kwi-rails kwaye yahamba kwindawo engalunganga, ukuba awukwazi ukufumana izivumelwano ezisisiseko ... hayi, akunjalo ukuba iprojekthi yakho iya kusilela. Kodwa awuzukukwazi ukuthi: "Senze kakuhle, senze yonke into ngempumelelo." Ezi zizinto endizenzayo xa ndinxibelelana nabathengi.
UMichael: Oko kukuthi, usungula iiprojekthi, wenze uhlobo oluthile lokukhaba kwaye ujonge ukuba iireyile zisingise kwicala elifanelekileyo?
Tim: Sikwanazo neembono malunga nendlela yokuhlanganisa onke amaqhekeza ephazili: zeziphi izakhono esizidingayo, zifuneka nini kanye kanye, ukuba undoqo weqela ukhangeleka njani kunye nezinye izinto ezisisiseko. Ngaba sifuna abasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo okanye sinokuqesha umntu okwexeshana? Ucwangciso, ulawulo. Imibuzo efana nale: Yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule projekthi? Indlela yokuphumeza oku? Yintoni esiyaziyo ngale mveliso okanye iprojekthi, ziphi iingozi kwaye apho izinto ezingaziwa zilala khona, siya kujongana njani nayo yonke le nto? Ewe, ngalo mzuzu umntu uqala ukukhwaza "Kuthekani nge-agile?!" Kulungile, nonke nibhetyebhetye, kodwa yintoni? Ijongeka njani le projekthi, uza kuyikhupha njani ngendlela ehambelana neprojekthi? Awunakutsho nje ukuba "indlela yethu yolulela kuyo nantoni na, siliqela leScrum!" Bubuvuvu nobuvuvu obu. Uza kuya phi ngokulandelayo, kutheni kufuneka isebenze, iphi inqaku? Ndifundisa abathengi bam ukuba bacinge ngayo yonke le mibuzo.
Iminyaka eyi-19 ubudala
UMichael: Kwi-Agile, abantu bahlala bezama ukungachazi nantoni na kwangaphambili, kodwa ukwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza, besithi: sisikhulu kakhulu, andiyi kucinga malunga noyilo lonke lwezakhiwo. Andizukucinga malunga neqela lezinye izinto; endaweni yoko, ndiza kuzisa into esebenzayo kumthengi ngoku.
Tim: Ndicinga ukuba iindlela ezikhawulezayo, ukuqala ngo-2001, wavula amehlo kushishino. Kodwa kwelinye icala, akukho nto igqibeleleyo. Ndikonke kuphuhliso oluphindaphindayo. Ukuphindaphinda kwenza ingqiqo eninzi kwiiprojekthi ezininzi. Kodwa umbuzo ekufuneka ucinge ngawo ngowokuba: xa imveliso iphumile kwaye isetyenziswa, ihlala ixesha elingakanani? Ngaba le yimveliso eya kuhlala iinyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba ithathelwe indawo yenye into? Okanye ngaba le mveliso iya kusebenza iminyaka emininzi? Ngokuqinisekileyo, andiyi kukhankanya amagama, kodwa ... ENew York kunye noluntu lwayo lwezemali, ezona nkqubo zisisiseko zindala kakhulu. Oku kuyamangalisa. Ubajongile kwaye ucinge, ukuba unokubuyela emva kwexesha, ukuya kwi-1994, kwaye uxelele abaphuhlisi ukuba: "Ndivela kwikamva, ukusuka kwi-2019. Phuhlisa nje le nkqubo ixesha elide njengoko ufuna. Yenze ukuba yandise, cinga malunga noyilo lwezakhiwo. Iya kuthi ke iphuculwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu. Ukuba ulibazisa uphuhliso ixesha elide, kwisikimu esikhulu sezinto akukho mntu uya kuqaphela! ” Xa uqikelela izinto kwixesha elide, kufuneka ucinge ukuba iya kuba yimalini na xa iyonke. Ngamanye amaxesha uyilwe kakuhle uyilwe ngokwenene, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akunjalo. Kufuneka sijonge ngapha nangapha kwaye sizibuze: ngaba sikwimeko efanelekileyo kwisigqibo esinjalo?
Ke umbono onje, "Sisebenza ngokukhawuleza, umthengi ngokwakhe uya kusixelela into afuna ukuyifumana" - ayinangqondo kakhulu. Abathengi abazi nokuba yintoni na abayifunayo, kwaye ngakumbi abayazi into abanokuyifumana. Abanye abantu baya kuqala ukukhankanya imizekelo yembali njengeengxoxo, sele ndiyibonile le nto. Kodwa abantu abaqhubela phambili ngokobugcisa abadli ngokuyithetha loo nto. Bathi: “Ngu-2019, la ngamathuba esinawo, kwaye sinokuyitshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela esizijonga ngayo ezi zinto!” Kunokuba ulinganise izicombululo esele zikho, uzenze zibe ntle kancinane kwaye zikame ngakumbi, maxa wambi kufuneka uphume uze uthi: “Masiyiqale ngokutsha ngokupheleleyo le nto sizama ukuyenza apha!”
Kwaye andicingi ukuba abathengi abaninzi banokucinga ngale ngxaki. Babona kuphela into abasele benayo, kuphelele apho. Emva koko beza nezicelo ezinje “masenze lula oku,” okanye nantoni na abaqhele ukuyithetha. Kodwa asikho iiweyitara okanye iiweyitara, ngoko ke sinokuthatha iodolo nokuba iphume bubudenge kangakanani na size siyibhake ekhitshini. Singabakhokeli babo. Kufuneka sivule amehlo abo sithi: heyi, sinamathuba amatsha apha! Ngaba uyaqaphela ukuba sinokuyitshintsha ngokwenene indlela le nxalenye yeshishini lakho eyenziwa ngayo? Enye yeengxaki nge-Agile kukuba isusa ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na ithuba, yintoni ingxaki, yintoni esifuna ukuyenza, yintoni iteknoloji ekhoyo ifaneleke kakhulu kule meko.
Mhlawumbi ndithandabuza kakhulu apha: zininzi izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzeka kuluntu oludala. Kodwa ndinengxaki ngento yokuba endaweni yokuchaza iprojekthi, abantu baqala ukuphosa izandla zabo. Bendiza kubuza apha - sisenza ntoni, sizokwenza njani? Kwaye ngandlela-thile ngomlingo kuhlala kuvela ukuba umxhasi kufuneka azi ngcono kunaye nabani na. Kodwa umxhasi uyazi kakuhle kuphela xa ekhetha kwizinto esele zakhiwe ngumntu. Ukuba ndifuna ukuthenga inqwelo-mafutha kwaye ndiyazi nobungakanani bohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwentsapho yam, ngoko ngokukhawuleza ndiya kukhetha imoto elungele indlela endiphila ngayo. Apha ndazi yonke into engcono kunaye nabani na! Kodwa nceda uqaphele ukuba kukho umntu osele ezenzile iimoto. Andazi ukuba ndingayila njani imoto entsha, andiyoncutshe. Xa sidala isiko okanye iimveliso ezikhethekileyo, ilizwi lomthengi kufuneka lithathelwe ingqalelo, kodwa oku akusekho ilizwi kuphela.
Oleg: Ukhankanye i-Agile Manifesto. Ngaba kuyafuneka ukuba ngandlel’ ithile siyihlaziye okanye siyihlaziye sithathela ingqalelo ingqiqo yale mihla yalo mba?
Tim: Bendingazumphatha. Ndicinga ukuba luxwebhu olukhulu lwembali. Ndithetha ukuthi uyilento ayiyo. Ugqiba iminyaka eli-19 ubudala, umdala, kodwa ngexesha lakhe wenza uguquko. Into awayenzayo kakuhle kukuba wabangela ukusabela kwaye abantu baqala ukuhleba ngaye. Wena, mhlawumbi, wawungekasebenzi kwishishini ngo-2001, kodwa ke wonke umntu wasebenza ngokweenkqubo. I-Software Engineering Institute, amanqanaba amahlanu emodeli yokugqibezela isoftware (CMMI). Andazi ukuba iintsomi ezinje zamandulo zikuxelela into, kodwa ke yayiyimpumelelo. Ekuqaleni, abantu babekholelwa ukuba ukuba iinkqubo zimiselwe ngokuchanekileyo, ke iingxaki ziya kunyamalala ngokwazo. Kwaye emva koko iManifesto iza ithi: "Hayi, hayi, hayi - siya kusekelwa ebantwini, hayi iinkqubo." Siziinkosi zophuhliso lwesoftware. Siyaqonda ukuba eyona nkqubo ilungileyo ingumsinga; Kukho i-idiosyncrasy eninzi kwiiprojekthi, umbono wenkqubo enye egqibeleleyo kuzo zonke iiprojekthi awenzi ngqiqo. Iingxaki zinzima kakhulu ukuba zibange ukuba kukho isisombululo esisodwa kuyo yonke into (hello, nirvana).
Andicingi ukuba ndijonge kwikamva, kodwa ndiza kuthetha ukuba abantu ngoku baqalise ukucinga ngakumbi malunga neeprojekthi. Ndicinga ukuba i-Agile Manifesto ilungile kakhulu ekutsibeni kwaye ithi, "Heyi! Ukwinqanawe, kwaye wena ngokwakho uqhuba le nqanawa. Kuya kufuneka wenze isigqibo - asiyi kucebisa iresiphi yendalo yonke kuzo zonke iimeko. Ungabasebenzi benqanawa, kwaye ukuba ulungile ngokwaneleyo, unokufumana indlela eya enjongweni. Kwakukho ezinye iinqanawa ngaphambi kwakho, kwaye ziya kubakho ezinye iinqanawa emva kwakho, kodwa kunjalo, ngandlela ithile, uhambo lwakho lwahlukile. Into enjalo! Yindlela yokucinga. Kum, akukho nto intsha phantsi kwelanga, abantu bakha bahamba ngomkhumbi, baza kuphinda bahambe ngomkhumbi, kodwa kuwe le yindlela yakho enkulu, kwaye andiyi kukuxelela ukuba yintoni kanye kanye eya kwenzeka kuwe. Kuya kufuneka ube nezakhono zomsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo kwiqela, kwaye ukuba unazo ngenene, yonke into iya kusebenza kwaye uya kufika apho ufuna khona.
Abantu: kwiminyaka engama-30 kamva
Oleg: Ngaba i-Peopleware yayiluguquko kunye neManifesto?
Tim: Abantu... Mna noTom sabhala le ncwadi, kodwa asizange sicinge ukuba iya kwenzeka ngolu hlobo. Ngandlel’ ithile yadibana neengcamango ezininzi zabantu. Le yayiyincwadi yokuqala eyathi: uphuhliso lwesoftware ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu ebantwini. Ngaphandle kobuchwephesha bethu, sikwaluluntu lwabantu abakha into enkulu, nokuba inkulu, entsokothileyo kakhulu. Akukho mntu unokudala izinto ezinjalo yedwa, akunjalo? Ngoko ingcamango "yeqela" ibaluleke kakhulu. Kwaye kungekuphela nje kwimbono yolawulo, kodwa nakubantu bezobugcisa abaye bahlanganisana ukuze basombulule iingxaki ezinzulu ngokwenene kunye neqela lezinto ezingaziwayo. Kum ngokobuqu, olu ibe luvavanyo olukhulu lobukrelekrele kuwo wonke umsebenzi wam. Kwaye apha kufuneka ukwazi ukuthi: ewe, le ngxaki ingaphezu kokuba ndikwazi ukusingatha ngokwam, kodwa kunye sinokufumana isisombululo esihle esinokuzingca ngaso. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba yile ngcamango eyavakala kakhulu. Ingcamango yokuba sisebenza inxalenye yexesha ngokwethu, inxalenye yexesha njengenxalenye yeqela, kwaye ngokufuthi isigqibo senziwe liqela. Ukusonjululwa kweengxaki zeqela ngokukhawuleza kube yinto ebalulekileyo yeeprojekthi ezinzima.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uTim unike inani elikhulu leentetho, bambalwa kakhulu kubo bathunyelwe kwiYouTube. Unokujonga kwingxelo ethi "UkuBuyiswa kwaBantu" ukusuka kwi-2007. Umgangatho, ngokuqinisekileyo, ushiya okuninzi.
UMichael: Ngaba ikho into etshintshileyo kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo ukususela ekupapashweni kwale ncwadi?
Tim: Ungajonga oku kwii-engile ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwentlalontle... kanye, ngamaxesha alula, wena neqela lakho nihleli kwiofisi enye. Ninokuba kufutshane yonke imihla, nisele ikofu kunye kwaye nixoxe ngomsebenzi. Eyona nto itshintshileyo kukuba amaqela ngoku angasasazwa ngokwejografi, kumazwe ahlukeneyo nakwiindawo zexesha, kodwa asebenza kwingxaki efanayo, kwaye oku kongeza umaleko omtsha wobunzima. Oku kunokuvakala ngathi sisikolo sakudala, kodwa akukho nto ifana nokunxibelelana ubuso ngobuso apho nidibene nonke, nisebenza kunye, kwaye unokuya kugxa wakho uthi, jonga into endiyifumeneyo, uyithanda njani le nto? Iincoko zobuso ngobuso zibonelela ngendlela ekhawulezayo yokutshintshela kunxibelelwano olungacwangciswanga, kwaye ndicinga ukuba abantu abanomdla abanomdla bafanele bayithande nabo. Kwaye ndinexhala kuba ngokwenene ihlabathi liye labonakala lincinci kakhulu, kwaye ngoku ligutyungelwe ngamaqela asasazwayo, kwaye yonke into inzima kakhulu.
Sonke sihlala kwi-DevOps
UMichael: Nangona kumbono wekomiti yeprogram yenkomfa, sinabantu baseCalifornia, eNew York, eYurophu, eRashiya ... akukho mntu eSingapore okwangoku. Umahluko kwijografi mkhulu kakhulu, kwaye abantu baqala ukusasazeka ngakumbi. Ukuba sithetha ngophuhliso, ungasixelela ngakumbi malunga ne-devops kunye nokwaphula imiqobo phakathi kwamaqela? Kukho ingcamango yokuba wonke umntu uhleli kwii-bunkers zabo, kwaye ngoku i-bunkers iyawa, ucinga ntoni ngalo mzekeliso?
Tim: Kubonakala kum ukuba xa kujongwa impumelelo yetekhnoloji yamva nje, i-devops ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphambili, ubunamaqela abaphuhlisi kunye nabalawuli, basebenza, basebenza, basebenza, kwaye ngaxa lithile kwavela into onokuthi uze ngayo kubaphathi kwaye uyikhuphele imveliso. Kwaye apha incoko malunga ne-bunker yaqala, kuba ii-admins ziluhlobo lwamahlakani, kungekhona iintshaba, ubuncinane, kodwa uthetha nabo kuphela xa yonke into ilungele ukuya kwimveliso. Ngaba uye kubo unento ethi: jonga ukuba sisicelo sini na, kodwa ungasikhupha esi sicelo? Kwaye ngoku yonke ingcamango yokuhanjiswa itshintshile ibe ngcono. Ndiyathetha, bekukho le mbono yokuba unokutyhala ngotshintsho ngokukhawuleza. Sinokuhlaziya iimveliso ngokubhabha. Ndihlala ndincuma xa iFirefox kwilaptop yam ithi, heyi, siyihlaziyile iFirefox yakho ngasemva, kwaye nje ukuba unomzuzu, ungathanda ukucofa apha kwaye siza kukunika ukhupho lwamva nje. Kwaye ndathi, "Ewe, mntwana!" Ngelixa bendilele, bebesebenza ekundithumeleni ukukhululwa okutsha kanye kwikhompyuter yam. Kuyamangalisa, kuyamangalisa.
Kodwa nabu ubunzima: unalo eli nqaku ngokuhlaziya isoftware, kodwa ukudibanisa abantu kunzima kakhulu. Into endifuna ukuyithetha kwinqaku eliphambili le-DevOops kukuba ngoku sinabadlali abaninzi kunabo besinabo. Ukuba ucinga nje ngaye wonke umntu obandakanyekayo kwiqela elinye…. Ubuyicinga njengeqela, kwaye ingaphezulu nje kweqela labadwelisi benkqubo. Aba ngabavavanyi, abaphathi beprojekthi, kunye neqela labanye abantu. Kwaye wonke umntu unezimvo zakhe ngehlabathi. Abaphathi beemveliso bahluke ngokupheleleyo kubaphathi beprojekthi. Abaphathi banemisebenzi yabo. Iba yingxaki enzima kakhulu ukulungelelanisa bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ukuze baqhubeke nokwazi okwenzekayo kwaye bangaphambani. Kuyimfuneko ukwahlula imisebenzi yeqela kunye nemisebenzi esebenza kuwo wonke umntu. Lo ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, ndicinga ukuba konke kulunge ngakumbi kunokuba kwakunjalo kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo. Le yindlela kanye apho abantu bakhula kwaye bafunde ukuziphatha ngokuchanekileyo. Xa udibanisa, uyaqonda ukuba akufuneki kubekho uphuhliso olungaphantsi komhlaba, ukuze ngomzuzu wokugqibela isoftware ingakhasi njenge-jack-in-the-box: ngathi, jonga into esiyenzileyo apha! Umbono kukuba uya kukwazi ukwenza ukudibanisa kunye nophuhliso, kwaye ekugqibeleni uya kuphuma ngendlela ecocekileyo nephindaphindayo. Konke oku kuthetha lukhulu kum. Oku kwenza kube lula ukwenza ixabiso elingakumbi kubasebenzisi benkqubo kunye nomthengi wakho.
UMichael: Umbono wonke we-devops kukuhambisa uphuhliso olunentsingiselo kwangethuba. Ndiyabona ukuba ihlabathi liqalise ukukhawulezisa ngakumbi nangakumbi. Uziqhelanisa njani nokukhawuleza okunjalo? Kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo oku kwakungekho!
Tim: Ewe, wonke umntu ufuna ukusebenza ngakumbi nangakumbi. Akukho sidingo sokushukuma, fumba ngaphezulu. Ngamanye amaxesha kuye kufuneke wehlise isantya kuhlaziyo olulandelayo lokuzisa nantoni na eluncedo- kwaye yinto eqhelekileyo leyo.
Ingcinga yokuba kufuneka ubaleke, ubaleke, ubaleke ayisiyiyo eyona ilungileyo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba nabani na afune ukuphila ubomi bakhe ngolo hlobo. Ndingathanda isingqisho sokuziswa ukuseta isingqisho seprojekthi. Ukuba uvelisa nje umlambo wezinto ezincinci, ezingenantsingiselo, zonke ezongezelelekileyo. Esikhundleni sokuzama ngokungenangqondo ukukhulula izinto ngokukhawuleza, yintoni efanelekileyo ukuxoxa nabaphuhlisi abakhokelayo kunye nemveliso kunye nabaphathi beprojekthi sisicwangciso. Ngaba oku kuyavakala?
Iipateni kunye ne-antipatterns
Oleg: Ngokuqhelekileyo uthetha ngeepatheni kunye ne-antipatterns, kwaye lo ngumahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa kweeprojekthi. Kwaye ngoku, i-devops iqhuma ebomini bethu. Ngaba inazo iipateni zayo kunye neepatheni ezichasayo ezinokubulala iprojekthi kwindawo?
Tim: Iipateni kunye neepatheni ezichasayo zenzeka ngalo lonke ixesha. Into yokuthetha ngayo. Ewe, kukho le nto siyibiza ngokuthi "izinto ezikhanyayo." Abantu ngokwenene, ngokwenene bathanda iteknoloji entsha. Bavele baxakwe kukukhanya kwayo yonke into ebonakala ipholile kwaye inesitayile, kwaye bayayeka ukubuza imibuzo: ngaba iyimfuneko? Yintoni esiza kuyizuza? Ngaba le nto inokuthenjwa, ngaba iyavakala? Ndihlala ndibona abantu, ngokungathi kunjalo, bekwinqanaba eliphezulu lobuchwephesha. Balaliswa zizinto ezenzeka ehlabathini. Kodwa ukuba ujongisisa ukuba zeziphi izinto eziluncedo abazenzayo, ngokufuthi akukho nto iluncedo!
Besixoxa nje noogxa bethu ukuba lo nyaka ngunyaka wokukhumbula iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu abantu bathi bafika enyangeni. Oku kwakungowe-1969. Itekhnoloji eyanceda abantu ukuba bafike apho abukho nobuchwephesha be-1969, kodwa kunoko i-1960 okanye i-62, kuba i-NASA yayifuna ukusebenzisa kuphela oko kunobungqina obuhle bokuthembeka. Kwaye ngoko ujonge kwaye uqonde - ewe, kwaye babeyinyani! Ngoku, hayi, hayi, kodwa ungena kwiingxaki ngetekhnoloji ngenxa yokuba yonke into ityhalwe kakhulu, ithengiswe kuzo zonke iintanda. Abantu bayadanduluka kuyo yonke indawo: “Khangelani, enjani yona into, le yeyona nto intsha, eyona nto intle ehlabathini, ifanele wonke umntu ngokupheleleyo!” Ewe, yiloo nto ... ngokuqhelekileyo yonke le nto ijika ibe yinkohliso nje, kwaye ke yonke into kufuneka ilahlwe kude. Mhlawumbi konke kungenxa yokuba sele ndiyindoda endala kwaye ndijonge izinto ezinjalo ngokuthandabuza okukhulu, xa abantu bephelelwa kwaye bathi bafumene eyona ndlela yodwa, eyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokudala ubuchwephesha obugqwesileyo. Ngeli xesha, kuvuka ilizwi ngaphakathi kum lisithi: “Onjani wona umonakalo!”
UMichael: Ngokwenene, kukangaphi sisiva ngembumbulu yesilivere elandelayo?
Tim: Ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye le yindlela eqhelekileyo yezinto! Ngokomzekelo ... kubonakala ngathi le nto sele ibe yihlaya emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa apha abantu bahlala bethetha ngeteknoloji ye-blockchain. Kwaye eneneni benza ingqiqo kwiimeko ezithile! Xa ufuna ngokwenene ubungqina obuthembekileyo beziganeko, ukuba inkqubo isebenza kwaye akukho mntu usikhohlisileyo, xa uneengxaki zokhuseleko kunye nazo zonke ezo zinto zixutywe kunye - i-blockchain inengqiqo. Kodwa xa besithi iBlockchain ngoku izakutshayela ilizwe lonke, itshayele yonke into esendleleni yayo? Phupha ngakumbi! Le teknoloji ibiza kakhulu kwaye inzima. Ubuchwephesha obuntsonkothileyo kwaye budla ixesha. Kubandakanya ngokusulungekileyo i-algorithmically, ngalo lonke ixesha ufuna ukubala kwakhona imathematika, kunye notshintsho oluncinci ... kwaye lo ngumbono omkhulu - kodwa kwiimeko ezithile kuphela. Ubomi bam bonke kunye nomsebenzi wam malunga noku: imibono enomdla kwiimeko ezithile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqonda kakuhle imeko yakho.
UMichael: Ewe, eyona nto iphambili "umbuzo wobomi, indalo kunye nayo yonke into": ngaba le teknoloji okanye indlela ifanelekile kwimeko yakho okanye akunjalo?
Tim: Lo mbuzo unokuthi uxoxwe kunye neqela leteknoloji. Mhlawumbi ndizise umcebisi othile. Jonga iprojekthi kwaye uqonde - ngaba ngoku siza kwenza into elungileyo neluncedo, engcono kunangaphambili? Mhlawumbi iya kufaneleka, mhlawumbi ayiyi kufaneleka. Kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, musa ukwenza isigqibo esinjalo ngokungagqibekanga, kuba nje umntu waphambaza wathi: “Siyifuna ngamandla i-blockchain! Ndisandul’ ukufunda ngaye kwiphephancwadi ndikwinqwelo-moya!” Ngokunyanisekileyo? Ayihlekisi nokuhlekisa.
Intsomi “devops engineer”
Oleg: Ngoku wonke umntu wenza i-devops. Umntu ufunda malunga ne-devops kwi-Intanethi, kwaye ngomso esinye isithuba siyavela kwindawo yokugaya abantu. "injineli ye-devops". Apha ndingathanda ukutsalela ingqalelo yakho: ucinga ukuba eli gama elithi, “devops engineer,” linelungelo lokuphila? Kukho uluvo lokuba i-devops yinkcubeko, kwaye into ayidibanisi apha.
Tim: Nege njenge. Bavumele ke ngoko nangoko banike ingcaciso yeli gama. Into yokwenza ibe yodwa. Bade babonise ukuba kukho indibaniselwano eyodwa yezakhono emva kwesithuba esinje, andisayi kuyithenga! Ndiyathetha, ke, sinesihloko somsebenzi, "injineli ye-devops," isihloko esinomdla, ewe, yintoni elandelayo? Izihloko zemisebenzi ngokubanzi ziyinto enomdla kakhulu. Masithi "umphuhlisi" - yintoni na kunjalo? Imibutho eyahlukeneyo ithetha izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwezinye iinkampani, abadwelisi benkqubo abakumgangatho ophezulu babhala iimvavanyo ezinengqiqo ngaphezu kovavanyo olubhalwe ngabavavanyi abakhethekileyo kwezinye iinkampani. Yintoni ke, ngaba ngoku ngabaprogram okanye abavavanyi?
Ewe, sinezihloko zemisebenzi, kodwa ukuba ubuza imibuzo ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo, ekugqibeleni kuye kwavela ukuba sonke singabasombululi beengxaki. Singabantu abafuna isisombululo, kwaye abanye banezakhono zobugcisa kwaye abanye banezahlukileyo. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho i-DevOps ingene khona, ubandakanyeka ekudityanisweni kophuhliso kunye nolawulo, kwaye lo msebenzi unenjongo ebaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba uyabuzwa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye oyenzayo kwaye uxanduva lwakho, kuye kwavela ukuba abantu bebezenza zonke ezi zinto ukususela kudala. "Ndinoxanduva lolwakhiwo", "ndinoxanduva logcino-lwazi" njalo njalo, nantoni na, ubona - konke oku bekuphambi kwe "devops".
Xa umntu endixelela isihloko sakhe somsebenzi, andimameli kakhulu. Kungcono ukumvumela ukuba akuxelele eyona nto anoxanduva ngayo, oku kuya kusivumela ukuba siwuqonde ngakumbi lo mbandela. Umzekelo wam endiwuthandayo kuxa umntu esithi "ungumphathi weprojekthi." Intoni? Ayithethi nto, andikayazi into oyenzayo. Umphathi weprojekthi unokuba ngumthuthukisi, inkokeli yeqela labantu abane, ukubhala ikhowudi, ukwenza umsebenzi, oye waba liqela elikhokelayo, abantu ngokwabo baqonda phakathi kwabo njengenkokeli. Kwaye kwakhona, umphathi weprojekthi unokuba ngumphathi olawula abantu abangamakhulu amathandathu kwiprojekthi, ulawula abanye abaphathi, uxanduva lokuzoba iishedyuli kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokucwangcisa, yiyo yonke loo nto. La ngamahlabathi amabini ahluke ngokupheleleyo! Kodwa igama labo lomsebenzi livakala ngokufanayo.
Masijike oku kancinci ngokwahlukileyo. Yintoni oyincutshe kuyo, unamava amaninzi, ingaba unesiphiwo sayo? Uza kuthatha uxanduva ngantoni kuba ucinga ukuba ungawusingatha lo msebenzi? Kwaye apha umntu uya kuqala ukukhanyela ngokukhawuleza: hayi, hayi, hayi, andinamnqweno wokujongana nezixhobo zeprojekthi kwaphela, akusiyo ishishini lam, ndingumntu onobuchule kwaye ndiyaqonda ukusetyenziswa kunye nokunxibelelana komsebenzisi, andiyazi. ndifuna ukulawula imikhosi yabantu konke konke, mandihambe ngcono ndiye emsebenzini.
Kwaye ngendlela, Ndingumxhasi omkhulu wendlela apho olu hlobo lokwahlulwa kwezakhono lusebenza kakuhle. Apho amagcisa anokukhulisa imisebenzi yawo kangangoko efuna. Nangona kunjalo, ndisayibona imibutho apho i-techies ikhalaza: Kuya kufuneka ndingene kulawulo lweprojekthi kuba kuphela kwendlela kule nkampani. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi. Abona chwephesha babalaseleyo ayingobaphathi abalungileyo konke konke, kwaye abona baphathi babalaseleyo abanakukwazi ukuphatha itekhnoloji. Masinyaniseke ngale nto.
Ndibona imfuno eninzi yale nto ngoku. Ukuba uyi-techie, inkampani yakho inokukunceda, kodwa nokuba uyafuna, kufuneka ufumane indlela yakho yomsebenzi kuba itekhnoloji ihlala iguquka kwaye kufuneka uzihlaziye kunye nayo! Kwiminyaka nje engamashumi amabini, itekhnoloji inokutshintsha ubuncinane amaxesha amahlanu. Itekhnoloji yinto engaqhelekanga...
"Iingcali kuyo yonke into"
UMichael: Abantu banokuhlangabezana njani nesantya esinjalo sokutshintsha kobugcisa? Ukuntsokotha kwabo kukhula, inani labo liyakhula, inani elipheleleyo lonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu nalo liyakhula, kwaye kuvela ukuba awunakuba “yingcali kuyo yonke into.”
Tim: Kunene! Ukuba usebenza kwitekhnoloji, ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ukhethe into ethile kwaye ujonge kuyo. Obunye ubuchwephesha obufunyanwa ngumbutho wakho buluncedo (kwaye mhlawumbi buya kuba luncedo). Kwaye ukuba awusenamdla kuyo - ngekhe ndikholelwe ukuba ndiza kuthetha oku - kuhle, mhlawumbi kuya kufuneka uye komnye umbutho apho itekhnoloji inomdla ngakumbi okanye ilungele ukufunda.
Kodwa ngokubanzi, ewe, unyanisile. Itekhnoloji ikhula kuwo onke amacala ngaxeshanye; Kwelinye icala, kukho abantu abafunxa ngokoqobo ulwazi lwetekhnoloji kwaye bayaphambana ngayo. Ndibone isibini sabantu abanjalo, baphefumla ngokoqobo kwaye baphile, kuluncedo kwaye kunomdla ukuthetha nabo. Abafundanga kuphela into eyenzekayo ngaphakathi kwintlangano, kodwa ngokubanzi, bathetha ngayo, nabo bangamachwephesha apholileyo ngokwenene, ayazi kwaye anenjongo. Bazama nje ukuhlala kwi-crest of wave, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umsebenzi wabo oyintloko, kuba ukuthanda kwabo kukuhamba kweThekhnoloji, ukukhuthazwa kweteknoloji. Ukuba ngequbuliso udibana nomntu onjalo, kuya kufuneka uye kwisidlo sasemini kunye naye kwaye uxoxe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezipholileyo ngexesha lesidlo sasemini. Ndicinga ukuba nawuphi na umbutho udinga isibini sabantu abanjalo.
Imingcipheko kunye nokungaqiniseki
UMichael: Iinjineli ezibekekileyo, ewe. Makhe sichukumise ulawulo lomngcipheko ngelixa sinexesha. Siqale olu dliwano-ndlebe ngengxoxo yesoftware yezonyango, apho iimpazamo zingakhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi. Emva koko sathetha ngeNkqubo yeLunar, apho iindleko zempazamo zizigidi zeedola, kwaye mhlawumbi ubomi babantu abaninzi. Kodwa ngoku ndibona intshukumo echaseneyo kwishishini, abantu abacingi ngemingcipheko, ungazami ukuqikelela kubo, ungabagcini nokubajonga.
Oleg: Hambisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye waphule izinto!
UMichael: Ewe, hamba ngokukhawuleza, uphule izinto, izinto ezininzi, ude ufe kwinto ethile. Ngokwembono yakho, umphuhlisi ophakathi kufuneka ajongane njani nolawulo lomngcipheko wokufunda ngoku?
Tim: Masikrwele umgca apha phakathi kwezinto ezimbini: imingcipheko kunye nokungaqiniseki. Ezi zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukungaqiniseki kwenzeka xa ungenayo idatha eyaneleyo nakweliphi na ixesha ukuze ufike kwimpendulo ecacileyo. Umzekelo, kwinqanaba lokuqala leprojekthi, ukuba umntu uyakubuza ukuba "uya kuwugqiba nini umsebenzi," ukuba ungumntu onyanisekileyo, uya kuthi, "Andazi." Awuyazi nje, kwaye kulungile. Awukafundi iingxaki kwaye awuqhelananga neqela, awuyazi izakhono zabo, njalo njalo. Oku kukungaqiniseki.
Imingcipheko ivela xa iingxaki ezinokubakho sele zichongiwe. Olu hlobo lwento lunokwenzeka, amathuba ayo amakhulu kuno-zero, kodwa ngaphantsi kwekhulu leepesenti, kwindawo ethile phakathi. Ngenxa yoko, nantoni na inokwenzeka, ukusuka ekulibazisekeni kunye nomsebenzi ongeyomfuneko, kodwa nakwisiphumo esibulalayo kwiprojekthi. Isiphumo xa nisithi- bafo masisonge iiambrela zethu silushiye ulwandle soze siyigqibe iphelile, period. Senza ukucinga ukuba le nto iya kusebenza, kodwa ayisebenzi konke konke, lixesha lokuyeka. Ezi ziimeko.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iingxaki kulula ukuzicombulula xa sele zivele, xa ingxaki isenzeka ngoku. Kodwa xa ingxaki iphambi kwakho, awukwenzi ukulawula umngcipheko-uxazulula ingxaki, ukulawula ingxaki. Ukuba ungumphuhlisi okhokelayo okanye umphathi, kuya kufuneka uzibuze ukuba yintoni enokwenzeka enokukhokelela ekulibazisekeni, ekuchitheni ixesha, kwiindleko ezingeyomfuneko, okanye ekuweni kwayo yonke iprojekthi? Yintoni eya kusenza sime siqale phantsi? Xa zonke ezi zinto zisebenza, siya kwenza ntoni ngazo? Kukho impendulo elula esebenzayo kwiimeko ezininzi: musa ukubaleka imingcipheko, sebenza kuyo. Jonga indlela onokuthi uyisombulule ngayo imeko enobungozi, uyinciphise ibe yinto engento, uyiguqule kwingxaki ibe enye into. Endaweni yokuthi: kulungile, siya kusombulula iingxaki njengoko zivela.
Ukungaqiniseki kunye nomngcipheko kufuneka ube phambili kuyo yonke into ojongene nayo. Unokuthatha isicwangciso seprojekthi, ujonge imingcipheko ethile ebalulekileyo ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye uthi: kufuneka sijongane nale nto ngoku, kuba ukuba nayiphi na le nto ihamba kakubi, akukho nto iya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Akufanele ukhathazeke ngobuhle bengubo yetafile etafileni ukuba akucaci ukuba unokupheka isidlo sakusihlwa. Okokuqala kufuneka uchonge yonke imingcipheko yokulungiselela isidlo esimnandi, ujongane nabo, kwaye emva koko ucinge ngazo zonke ezinye izinto ezingenabungozi bokwenyani.
Kwakhona, yintoni eyenza iprojekthi yakho yodwa? Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni enokwenza iprojekthi yethu ihambe ngaphandle komzila. Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuze sinciphise amathuba okuba oku kwenzeke? Ngokuqhelekileyo awukwazi nje ukubenza bangabikho kwi-100% kwaye uvakalise ngesazela esicocekileyo: "Yiyo loo nto, oku akuseyongxaki, ingozi isombulule!" Kum olu luphawu lokuziphatha kwabantu abadala. Lo ngumahluko phakathi komntwana kunye nomntu omdala - abantwana bacinga ukuba abanakufa, ukuba akukho nto inokuhamba, yonke into iya kulunga! Kwangaxeshanye, abantu abadala bajonge indlela abantwana abaneminyaka emithathu ubudala abatsiba ngayo ebaleni lokudlala, balandele iintshukumo ngamehlo abo baze bathi ngaphakathi kubo: “ooh-ooh, ooh-ooh.” Ndimi kufuphi ndilungiselela ukubamba xa umntwana esiwa.
Kwelinye icala, isizathu sokuba ndilithande eli shishini kakhulu kukuba liyingozi. Senza izinto, kwaye ezo zinto ziyingozi. Bafuna indlela yabantu abadala. Inzondelelo yodwa ayisayi kuzicombulula iingxaki zakho!
Ukucinga ngobunjineli abadala
UMichael: Umzekelo kubantwana ulungile. Ukuba ndiyinjineli eqhelekileyo, ngoko ndiyavuya ukuba ngumntwana. Kodwa uqhubela njani ekucingeni kwabantu abadala ngakumbi?
Tim: Enye yeengcamango ezisebenza ngokulinganayo nokuba ngumqali okanye umphuhlisi osekiweyo ngumbono womxholo. Oko sikwenzayo, yintoni esiza kuyiphumeza. Yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule projekthi? Akukhathaliseki ukuba ungubani na kule projekthi, nokuba ungumfundi oqeqeshwayo okanye ungumyili oyintloko, wonke umntu ufuna umxholo. Kufuneka senze wonke umntu acinge ngomyinge omkhulu kunezakhe umsebenzi. "Ndenza isiqwenga sam, kwaye nje ukuba isiqwenga sam sisebenza, ndonwabile." Hayi kwaye hayi kwakhona. Kuhlala kufanelekile (ngaphandle kokuba krwada!) ukukhumbuza abantu ngomxholo abasebenza kuwo. Yintoni esizama ukuyifezekisa kunye. Imibono yokuba unokuba ngumntwana logama nje yonke into ilungile ngesiqwenga sakho seprojekthi - nceda, ungayenzi loo nto. Ukuba siwela umgca wokugqibela, siya kuwuwela kunye kuphela. Awuwedwa, sisonke. Ukuba bonke abantu abakwiprojekthi, abadala nabancinci, baqala ukuthetha malunga nokuba yintoni kanye kanye ibaluleke kakhulu kwiprojekthi, kutheni inkampani ityala imali kwinto esizama ukuyifezekisa ... uninzi lwabo luya kuziva lungcono kakhulu ngenxa yokuba uya kubona indlela umsebenzi wabo odibana ngayo nomsebenzi wabo bonke abanye. Kwelinye icala, ndiyaliqonda iqhekeza endinoxanduva lwalo ngokobuqu. Kodwa ukugqiba umsebenzi sifuna bonke abanye abantu. Kwaye ukuba ucinga ukuba ugqibile, sihlala sinomsebenzi ekufuneka siwenze kwiprojekthi!
Oleg: Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, ukuba usebenza ngokukaKanban, xa ubetha ibhotile yovavanyo oluthile, unokuyeka oko ubukwenza apho (umzekelo, inkqubo) kwaye uye kunceda abavavanyi.
Tim: Ngokuchanekileyo. Ndicinga ukuba abona chwephesha babalaseleyo, ukuba ubajongisisa, baluhlobo lwabaphathi babo. Ndingayenza njani lento...
Oleg: Ubomi bakho yiprojekthi yakho, oyilawulayo.
Tim: Ngqo! Ndithetha ukuthi, uthatha uxanduva, uyawuqonda umcimbi, kwaye udibana nabantu xa ubona ukuba izigqibo zakho zinokuchaphazela umsebenzi wabo, izinto ezinjalo. Ayikokuhlala nje edesikeni yakho, wenze umsebenzi wakho, kwaye ungaqondi nokuba kuqhubeka ntoni ngakuwe. Hayi hayi hayi. Ngendlela, enye yezinto ezilungileyo kakhulu nge-Agile kukuba bacebise i-sprints emfutshane, kuba ngale ndlela imeko yemicimbi yabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ibonakala ngokucacileyo, banokuyibona yonke into. Sincokolelana yonke imihla.
Indlela yokungena kulawulo lomngcipheko
Oleg: Ngaba kukho nasiphi na isakhiwo solwazi olusesikweni kule ndawo? Umzekelo, ndingumphuhlisi weJava kwaye ndifuna ukuqonda ulawulo lomngcipheko ngaphandle kokuba ngumphathi weprojekthi wokwenyani ngemfundo. Ndiza kufunda kaMcConnell "Yimalini iProjekthi yeProjekthi yeProjekthi" kuqala, kwaye emva koko yintoni? Ngawaphi amanyathelo okuqala?
Tim: Eyokuqala kukuqalisa ukunxibelelana nabantu abakwiprojekthi. Oku kubonelela ngophuculo olukhawulezileyo kwinkcubeko yonxibelelwano nabalingane. Kufuneka siqale ngokuvula yonke into ngokungagqibekanga, endaweni yokuyifihla. Thiza: zizinto ezindikhathazayo ezi zizinto ezindilalisa ebusuku, ndivuke ebusuku namhlanje ndathi: Nkosi yam funeka ndiyicinge lento! Ngaba abanye babona into efanayo? Njengeqela, ngaba sifanele sisabele kwezi ngxaki zisenokubakho? Kufuneka ukwazi ukuxhasa ingxoxo ngezi zihloko. Akukho fomula esele ilungiselelwe esisebenza ngayo. Ayisiyonto yokwenza ihambhega, imalunga nabantu. "Yenza icheeseburger, thengisa icheeseburger" asiyonto yethu kwaphela, kwaye yiloo nto ndiwuthanda kakhulu lo msebenzi. Ndiyathanda xa yonke into ebisenziwa ngabaphathi ngoku iba yipropathi yeqela.
Oleg: Uthethe ezincwadini kunye nodliwano-ndlebe malunga nendlela abantu abakhathalela ngayo ulonwabo kunamanani kwigrafu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, xa uxelela iqela: sifudukela kwi-devops, kwaye ngoku umdwelisi weprogram kufuneka ahlale enxibelelana, oku kunokuba kude ngaphandle kwendawo yakhe yokuthuthuzela. Kwaye ngalo mzuzu unokuthi, masithi, angonwabi kakhulu. Kufuneka wenze ntoni kule meko?
Tim: Andazi ncam ukuba mandithini. Ukuba umphuhlisi wedwa kakhulu, ababoni ukuba kutheni umsebenzi wenziwa kwindawo yokuqala, bajonga nje inxalenye yabo yomsebenzi, kwaye kufuneka bangene kwinto endiyibiza ngokuthi "umongo." Kufuneka acinge ukuba yonke into idityaniswe njani. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, andithethi iintetho ezisesikweni okanye nantoni na elolo hlobo. Ndithetha ngento yokuba kufuneka unxibelelane noogxa bakho malunga nomsebenzi uwonke, hayi nje ngenxalenye yawo onoxanduva kuyo. Kulapho unokuqala khona ukuxoxa ngezimvo, izivumelwano ezifanayo zokwenza umsebenzi wakho uhambelane kakuhle, kunye nendlela yokujongana nengxaki efanayo kunye.
Ukubanceda baziqhelanise, bahlala befuna ukuthumela i-techies kuqeqesho, kwaye baxoxe ngoqeqesho. Umhlobo wam uthanda ukuthi uqeqesho lwezinja. Kukho uqeqesho lwabantu. Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ngokufunda njengomphuhlisi kukunxibelelana noontanga bakho. Ukuba umntu uyincutshe ngenene kwinto ethile, kufuneka umbukele esebenza okanye uthethe naye ngomsebenzi wakhe okanye into ethile. Abanye abaqhelekileyo uKent Beck bahlala bethetha ngenkqubo egqithisileyo. Kuyahlekisa kuba i-XP yimbono elula, kodwa ibangela iingxaki ezininzi. Kwabanye, ukwenza i-XP kufana nokunyanzelwa ukuba ukhulule uhambe ze phambi kwabahlobo. Baza kuyibona into endiyenzayo! Bangabalingane bam, abayi kubona kuphela, kodwa baya kuqonda! Yoyikeka! Abanye abantu baqalisa ukuba novalo olunzulu. Kodwa xa uqaphela ukuba le yeyona ndlela yokufunda, yonke into iyatshintsha. Usebenza ngokusondeleyo nabantu, kwaye abanye abantu baqonda isihloko ngakumbi kunawe.
UMichael: Kodwa konke oku kukunyanzela ukuba uphume kwindawo yakho yokuthuthuzela. Njengenjineli, kuya kufuneka uphume kwindawo yakho yokuthuthuzela kwaye unxibelelane. Njengomsombululi weengxaki, kufuneka uhlale uzibeka kwindawo ebuthathaka kwaye ucinge malunga noko kunokungahambi kakuhle. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi lwenzelwe ukuba lube yinkathazo. Uyazibeka kwiimeko ezicinezelayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu bayabaleka kubo, abantu bathanda ukuba ngabantwana abonwabileyo.
Tim: Yintoni enokwenziwa, unokuphuma uze uthi ngokuphandle: “Yonke into ilungile, ndiyakwazi ukuyinyamezela! Ayindim ndedwa oziva engakhululekanga. Masixoxe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezingathandekiyo, sonke njengeqela! ” Ezi ziingxaki zethu eziqhelekileyo, kufuneka sijongane nazo, uyazi? Ndicinga ukuba abaphuhlisi be-idiosyncratic genius bafana ne-mammoths, banyamalala. Kwaye ukubaluleka kwazo kulinganiselwe kakhulu. Ukuba awukwazi ukunxibelelana, awukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kakuhle. Ngoko ke, thetha nje. Nyaniseka kwaye uvule. Ndiyaxolisa kakhulu ukuba oku akumnandanga emntwini. Ngaba unokucinga, kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo kwakukho isifundo ngokubhekiselele ekubeni uloyiko oluphambili e-United States alukho ukufa, kodwa qikelela ukuba yintoni? Ukoyika ukuthetha esidlangalaleni! Oku kuthetha ukuba kwindawo ethile kukho abantu abakhetha ukufa kunokuba bancome ngokuvakalayo. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba kwanele ukuba ube nezakhono ezisisiseko, kuxhomekeke kwinto oyenzayo. Izakhono zokuthetha, izakhono zokubhala - kodwa kuphela njengoko kufuneka ngokwenene emsebenzini wakho. Ukuba usebenza njengomhlalutyi, kodwa awukwazi ukufunda, ukubhala nokuthetha, ke, ngelishwa, awuyi kuba nanto yokwenza kwiiprojekthi zam!
Ixabiso lonxibelelwano
Oleg: Ngaba ukuqasha abasebenzi abanjalo akubizi kakhulu ngezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo? Ngapha koko, bahlala bencokola endaweni yokuba basebenze!
Tim: Bendithetha undoqo weqela, hayi wonke umntu. Ukuba unomntu opholileyo ngokwenene ekulungiseni ugcino lwedatha, othanda ulungelelwaniso lwedatha, kwaye uya kuqhubeka nokulungisa ugcino lwedatha yakho ubomi bakhe bonke kwaye yiyo loo nto, ipholile, yigcine. Kodwa ndithetha ngabantu abafuna ukuhlala kwiprojekthi ngokwayo. Undoqo weqela, elijolise ekuphuhliseni iprojekthi. Aba bantu badinga ngokwenene ukunxibelelana rhoqo. Kwaye ngakumbi ekuqaleni kweprojekthi, xa uxubusha imingcipheko, iindlela zokufezekisa iinjongo zehlabathi kunye nokunye okunjalo.
UMichael: Oku kusebenza kuye wonke umntu obandakanyekayo kwiprojekthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na, izakhono, okanye iindlela zokusebenza. Nonke ninomdla kwimpumelelo yeprojekthi.
Tim: Ewe, uvakalelwa kukuba ubhaptizwe ngokwaneleyo kwiprojekthi, ukuba umsebenzi wakho kukunceda iprojekthi ibe yinyani. Nokuba ungumdwelisi, umhlalutyi, umyili wojongano, nabani na. Esi sizathu sokuba ndize emsebenzini rhoqo kusasa kwaye yile nto siyenzayo. Sinoxanduva kubo bonke aba bantu, kungakhathaliseki izakhono zabo. Eli liqela labantu abaneencoko zabantu abadala.
Oleg: Enyanisweni, ndithetha ngabasebenzi abathethayo, ndazama ukulinganisa ukuchaswa kwabantu, ngokukodwa abaphathi, abacelwa ukuba batshintshe kwi-devops, kulo mbono omtsha wehlabathi. Kwaye wena, njengabacebisi, kufuneka uzazi ezi zichaso ngcono kakhulu kunam, njengomphuhlisi! Yabelana ngezinto ezibakhathaza kakhulu abaphathi?
Tim: Abaphathi? Hm. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaphathi baphantsi koxinzelelo kwiingxaki, bajongene nesidingo sokukhulula ngokukhawuleza into ethile kwaye benze ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokunye okunjalo. Bajonga indlela esihlala sixoxa ngayo kwaye siphikisana ngento ethile, kwaye bayibona ngolu hlobo: iingxoxo, iingxoxo, iingxoxo ... Ziziphi ezinye iingxoxo? Buyela emsebenzini! Kaloku ukuthetha akunamsebenzi kubo. Awubhali ikhowudi, ungayivavanyi isoftware, awubonakali wenza nto - kutheni ungakuthumeli ukuba wenze into? Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuhanjiswa sele kukwinyanga!
UMichael: Hamba ubhale ikhowudi!
Tim: Kubonakala kum ukuba abakhathazeki ngomsebenzi, kodwa ngokungabikho kokubonakala kwenkqubela phambili. Ukwenza kube ngathi sisondela empumelelweni, kufuneka basibone sicofa amaqhosha ekhibhodi. Imini yonke ukusuka kusasa kude kube ngokuhlwa. Le yingxaki yokuqala.
Oleg: Misha, ucinga ngento ethile.
UMichael: Uxolo, ndiye ndalahlekwa zingcinga kwaye ndibambe i-flashback. Konke oku kwandikhumbuza i-rally enomdla eyenzeka izolo ... Kwakukho iirali ezininzi kakhulu izolo ... Kwaye konke kuvakala kuqhelekile!
Ubomi ngaphandle kwemivuzo
Tim: Ngendlela, akuyimfuneko kwaphela ukulungiselela "iindibano" zonxibelelwano. Ndiyathetha, ezona ngxoxo ziluncedo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi zenzeka xa bethetha nje omnye nomnye. Ungena kusasa ngekomityi yekofu, kwaye kukho abantu abahlanu abahlangeneyo kwaye baxoxa ngomsindo ngento ethile yobugcisa. Kum, ukuba ndingumphathi wale projekthi, kungcono ukuncuma nje kwaye uye kwindawo ethile malunga neshishini lam, bavumele baxoxe ngalo. Sele bebandakanyekile kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Olu luphawu oluhle.
Oleg: Ngendlela, kwincwadi yakho unamanqaku amaninzi malunga nokulungileyo nokubi. Ngaba uyayisebenzisa ngokwakho? Ukuthetha ngokulinganayo, ngoku unenkampani, kwaye leyo yakhiwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga kakhulu...
Tim: I-Unorthodox, kodwa esi sixhobo sisifanelana ngokugqibeleleyo. Kudala sisazana. Siyathembana, besithembana kakhulu phambi kokuba sibe ngamaqabane. Kwaye umzekelo, asinamvuzo kwaphela. Sisebenza nje, kwaye umzekelo, ukuba ndifumene imali kubathengi bam, yonke imali iya kum. Emva koko, sihlawula imali yobulungu kwintlangano, kwaye oku kwanele ukuxhasa inkampani ngokwayo. Ukongeza, sonke sisebenza kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ndisebenza nabagcini-mali, ndigcwalisa amaxwebhu erhafu, ndenzela inkampani yonke imisebenzi yolawulo, yaye akukho mntu undihlawulayo. UJames noTom basebenza kwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye akukho mntu ubahlawulayo nabo. Logama nje uhlawula imali yakho, akukho mntu uya kucinga ukukuxelela into ekufuneka uyenzile. Ngokomzekelo, ngoku uTom usebenza ngaphantsi kunangaphambili. Ngoku unezinye izinto anomdla kuzo; Kodwa logama nje ehlawula imali yakhe, akukho mntu uya kuza kuye athi, “Heyi, Tom, hamba uye emsebenzini!” Kulula kakhulu ukujongana noogxa bakho xa kungekho mali phakathi kwakho. Kwaye ngoku ubudlelwane bethu buyenye yeengcamango ezisisiseko ngokumalunga neengcali ezahlukeneyo. Iyasebenza kwaye isebenza kakuhle kakhulu.
Eyona ngcebiso
UMichael: Ukubuyela "kwelona cebiso," ngaba kukho nantoni na oyixelela abathengi bakho ngokuphindaphindiweyo? Kukho ingcamango malunga ne-80/20, kwaye ezinye iingcebiso mhlawumbi ziphindaphindwa rhoqo.
Tim: Ndakhe ndacinga ukuba ukuba ubhale incwadi efana ne-Waltzing nge-Bears, yayiza kutshintsha ikhosi yembali kwaye abantu bayeke, kodwa ... Ewe, khangela, iinkampani zihlala zenza ngathi yonke into ilungile kunye nabo. Kamsinya nje ukuba kwenzeke into embi, kukhwankqisa kwaye kuyamangalisa kubo. “Jonga, siyivavanye inkqubo, kwaye ayiphumelelanga naluphi na uvavanyo lwenkqubo, kwaye le yenye iinyanga ezintathu zomsebenzi ongacwangciswanga, inokwenzeka njani le nto? Ngubani owayesazi? Yintoni enokonakala? Ngokunyanisekileyo, uyakholelwa koku?
Ndizama ukucacisa ukuba akufanele ube nomsindo kakhulu malunga nemeko yangoku. Kufuneka sithethe ngayo, siyiqonde kakuhle into enokuba konakele, nendlela yokuthintela izinto ezinjalo ukuba zenzeke kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba kuthe kwavela ingxaki, siza kuyilwa njani, siza kuyibamba njani?
Kum, yonke le nto ibonakala isoyikisa. Abantu bajongana neengxaki ezinzima, eziphazamisayo kwaye baqhubeka bezenza ngathi ukuba bawela nje iminwe yabo kwaye banethemba lokulungileyo, "okulungileyo" kuya kwenzeka ngokwenene. Hayi, ayisebenzi ngolo hlobo.
Ziqhelanise nolawulo lomngcipheko!
UMichael: Ngokoluvo lwakho, mingaphi imibutho ebandakanyeka kulawulo lomngcipheko?
Tim: Into endicaphukisayo kukuba abantu babhala phantsi imingcipheko, bajonge uluhlu oluphumayo kwaye baye emsebenzini. Enyanisweni, ukuchonga imingcipheko kubo kukulawula umngcipheko. Kodwa kum oku kuvakala njengesizathu sokubuza: kulungile, kukho uluhlu, yintoni kanye oya kuyitshintsha? Kufuneka utshintshe ulandelelwano lwakho olusemgangathweni lwezenzo ngokuthathela ingqalelo le mingcipheko. Ukuba kukho inxalenye enzima kakhulu yomsebenzi, kufuneka ubhekane nayo, kwaye emva koko uqhubele phambili kwinto elula. Kwimijikelo yokuqala, qalisa ukucombulula iingxaki ezinzima. Oku sele kujongeka njengolawulo lomngcipheko. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abakwazi ukuthetha into abayitshintshileyo emva kokwenza uluhlu lweengozi.
UMichael: Kwaye kunjalo, zingaphi kwezi nkampani ezibandakanyekayo kulawulo lomngcipheko, iipesenti ezintlanu?
Tim: Ngelishwa, ndikuthiyile ukuthetha oku, kodwa le yinxalenye engabalulekanga kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphezu kwesihlanu, kuba kukho iiprojekthi ezinkulu ngokwenene, kwaye azinakubakho ukuba azenzi nto. Masithi nje ndiya kumangaliswa kakhulu ukuba ubuncinane 25%. Iiprojekthi ezincinci zihlala ziphendula imibuzo enjalo ngolu hlobo: ukuba ingxaki iyasichaphazela, ngoko siya kuyicombulula. Emva koko bazifaka engxakini ngempumelelo kwaye bazibandakanye kulawulo lwengxaki kunye nolawulo lwengxaki. Xa uzama ukusombulula ingxaki kwaye ingxaki ingasonjululwa, wamkelekile kulawulo lwengxaki.
Ewe, ndihlala ndisiva, “siya kuzicombulula iingxaki njengoko zivela.” Ngokuqinisekileyo siya kwenjenjalo? Ngaba ngokwenene siya kwenza isigqibo?
Oleg: Ungayenza ngokungenangqondo kwaye ubhale ngokulula izinto eziguquguqukayo ezibalulekileyo kwitshatha yeprojekthi, kwaye ukuba izichasi ziyaphuka, vele uqale kabusha iprojekthi. Kubonakala ngathi i-piembucky kakhulu.
UMichael: Ewe, kwenzeka kum ukuba xa imingcipheko ibangelwa, iprojekthi yachazwa nje ngokutsha. Intle, ibhingo, ingxaki isonjululwe, ungabi saxhalaba!
Tim: Masicofe iqhosha lokuseta kwakhona! Hayi, ayisebenzi ngolo hlobo.
Inqaku eliphambili kwi-DevoOops 2019
UMichael: Siza kumbuzo wokugqibela wolu dliwano-ndlebe. Uza kwi-DevoOops elandelayo ngenqaku eliphambili, ungawuphakamisa umkhusane wemfihlo kwinto oza kuyithetha?
Tim: Okwangoku, abathandathu kubo babhala incwadi malunga nenkcubeko yomsebenzi, imithetho engabonakaliyo yemibutho. Inkcubeko igqitywa zizinto eziphambili zombutho. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abayiqapheli le nto, kodwa emva kokusebenza ngokubonisana iminyaka emininzi, siqhele ukuqaphela. Ungena kwinkampani, kwaye ngokoqobo kwimizuzu embalwa uqala ukuziva ukuba kwenzeka ntoni. Oku sikubiza "incasa". Ngamanye amaxesha eli vumba lilungile ngokwenene, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lilungile. Izinto zahluke kakhulu kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo.
UMichael: Nam, ndisebenza ngokubonisana iminyaka kwaye ndiyayiqonda kakuhle le nto uthetha ngayo.
Tim: Ngokwenyani, enye yezinto ezifanele ukuthetha ngayo kwinqaku eliphambili kukuba ayizizo zonke izinto ezimiselwe yinkampani. Wena neqela lakho, njengoluntu, ninenkcubeko yeqela lenu. Oku kunokuba yinkampani yonke, okanye isebe elahlukileyo, iqela elahlukileyo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uthethe, nantsi into esiyikholelwayo, nantsi into ebalulekileyo ... Awukwazi ukutshintsha inkcubeko ngaphambi kokuba amaxabiso kunye neenkolelo emva kwezenzo ezithile ziqondwe. Ukuziphatha kulula ukujongwa, kodwa ukukhangela iinkolelo kunzima. I-DevOps ngumzekelo omhle wendlela izinto eziba nzima ngayo. Ukusebenzisana kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi, akucoceki okanye kucace konke konke, ngoko ke kufuneka ucinge ngento okholelwa kuyo kunye nokuba wonke umntu okungqongileyo athule ngantoni.
Ukuba ufuna ukufumana iziphumo ezikhawulezayo, nasi isihloko esilungileyo kuwe: ngaba uzibonile iinkampani apho kungekho mntu uthi “Andazi”? Kukho iindawo apho umngcungcuthekisa ngokoqobo umntu de avume ukuba akukho nto ayaziyo. Wonke umntu uyazi yonke into, wonke umntu uyi-erudite emangalisayo. Usondela kuye nawuphi na umntu, kwaye kufuneka aphendule ngoko nangoko umbuzo. Endaweni yokuthi "Andazi." Hooray, baqeshe iqela leerudites! Kwaye kwezinye iinkcubeko ngokuqhelekileyo kuyingozi kakhulu ukuthi "Andazi" kunokubonwa njengophawu lobuthathaka. Kukho nemibutho apho, ngokuchaseneyo, wonke umntu anokuthi "Andazi." Kukho kusemthethweni ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukuba umntu uqala ukuhlambalaza ekuphenduleni umbuzo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuphendula: "Awuyazi into oyithethayo, akunjalo?" kwaye uyiguqule yonke ibe yintlekisa.
Ngokufanelekileyo, ungathanda ukuba nomsebenzi apho ungahlala wonwabile. Akuyi kuba lula, kungekhona yonke imihla enelanga kwaye imnandi, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka usebenze nzima, kodwa xa uqala ukuthatha isitokhwe, kuya kuvela: wow, le yindawo emangalisayo ngokwenene, ndiziva ndisebenza kakuhle apha, kokubini ngokweemvakalelo nangokwengqondo. Kwaye kukho iinkampani apho uhamba khona njengomcebisi kwaye ngokukhawuleza uqonde ukuba awukwazi ukumelana neenyanga ezintathu kwaye uya kubaleka ngokukrakra. Yile nto endifuna ukuthetha ngayo kwingxelo.
UTim Lister uya kufika nenqaku eliphambili kwinkomfa ye-Devoops 2019, eya kuba ngo-Oktobha 29-30, 2019 eSt. Ungawathenga amatikiti . Sikulindile kwi-DevoOops!
umthombo: www.habr.com