Ngoku kukho iingxoxo ezininzi malunga nesakhiwo sentsholongwane, ukusuleleka kwayo kunye neendlela zokulwa nayo. Kwaye ilungile. Kodwa ngandlel 'ithile ingqalelo encinci ihlawulwe kwisihloko esibaluleke ngokulinganayo- oonobangela bobhubhani be-coronavirus. Kwaye ukuba awusiqondi isizathu kwaye ungenzi izigqibo ezifanelekileyo, njengoko kwakunjalo emva kobhubhani be-coronavirus yangaphambili, uqhambuko olukhulu olulandelayo aluzukuthatha ixesha elide ukufika.
Kufuneka ekugqibeleni kube nokuqonda ukuba isimo sengqondo sangoku sokungakhathali kunye nesomthengiso sabantu ngakunye kunye nokusingqongileyo sele kuzigqibile. Yaye akukho mntu unokuziva ekhuselekile. Kwihlabathi langoku, akunakwenzeka ukudala "yakho" inhlalakahle, ukwahlukana nabanye abantu kunye nendalo ephilayo. Xa abantu abazizigidi ezingama-821 belamba rhoqo (ngokwedatha yamva nje ye-UN), ngelixa abanye benandipha ukuhamba kunye nobuhle betropiki, belahla isithathu sokutya abakuvelisayo, oku akunakuphela kakuhle. Uluntu lunokubakho ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela kwimodeli "Ihlabathi elinye, impilo enye". Apho kungekho simo sengqondo somthengi, kodwa indlela enengqiqo kubukho obuyinzuzo ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke i-ecosystem yoMhlaba.
Inqaku likaDavid Quamman kwiNew York Times malunga noku.
Senze ubhubhani we-coronavirus
Inokuba yaqala ngelulwane emqolombeni, kodwa yayiyimisebenzi yabantu eyaqala le nkqubo.
Igama elikhethwe liqela lezazinzulu zaseTshayina ezizibeke zodwa kwaye zachonga le ntsholongwane lifutshane kwi-coronavirus yenoveli ka-2019, i-nCoV-2019. (Eli nqaku lapapashwa nangaphambi kokuba intsholongwane inikwe igama layo langoku le-SARS-Cov-2 - A.R.).
Ngaphandle kwegama lentsholongwane entsha, njengoko abantu abayibize kakuhle bayazi kakuhle, i-nCoV-2019 ayintsha njengoko ucinga.
Into efanayo yafunyanwa kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo kumqolomba kwiphondo laseYunnan, malunga newaka leekhilomitha kumazantsi-ntshona e-Wuhan, liqela labaphandi abanobuqili abaye baqaphela ukufunyanwa kwabo ngenkxalabo. Ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwe-nCo2V-019 kuyamangalisa, kodwa akuqikeleleki. Into yokuba le ntsholongwane ayizange iqale emntwini kodwa ivela kwisilwanyana, mhlawumbi ilulwane, yaye mhlawumbi emva kokuba idlule kwesinye isidalwa isenokubonakala imangalisa. Kodwa oku akumangalisi kwizazinzulu ezifunda ngezinto ezinjalo.
Enye yezo nzululwazi nguGqr. Zheng-Li Shi ovela kwi-Wuhan Institute of Virology, owathi i-nCoV-2019 igama layo. YayinguZheng-Li Shi kunye noogxa bakhe ababonisa ngo-2005 ukuba i-arhente ebangela i-SARS yintsholongwane yelulwane eyasasazeka ebantwini. Ukusukela ngoko, iqela belilandela umkhondo we-coronavirus kumalulwane, lilumkisa ukuba ezinye zikulungele ngokukodwa ukubangela ubhubhane ebantwini.
Kwiphepha lika-2017, bachaza indlela, emva kweminyaka emihlanu yokuqokelela iisampulu zelindle kumalulwane kumqolomba waseYunnan, bafumana ii-coronavirus kubantu abaliqela beentlobo ezine zamalulwane, kubandakanya nelulwane. Izazinzulu zithi i-genome yentsholongwane ifana neepesenti ezingama-96 kwintsholongwane yase-Wuhan esandula ukufunyanwa ebantwini. Kwaye ezi zimbini zenza isibini esahlukileyo kuzo zonke ezinye ii-coronavirus ezaziwayo, kubandakanya nale ibangela i-SARS. Ngale ndlela, i-nCoV-2019 intsha kwaye mhlawumbi iyingozi ngakumbi ebantwini kunezinye ii-coronavirus.
UPeter Daszak, umongameli we-EcoHealth Alliance, umbutho wophando wabucala ozinze kwisiXeko saseNew York ogxile kumakhonkco phakathi kwempilo yabantu kunye nezilwanyana zasendle, ungomnye wamaqabane kaGqr Zheng-Li Shi ixesha elide. βKudala silumkisa ngezi ntsholongwane iminyaka eli-15,β watsho edanile. "Ukusukela oko kwaqala iSARS." Wabhala ngo-2005 isifundo malunga namalulwane kunye ne-SARS kunye nephepha lika-2017 kwii-coronavirus ezininzi ezifana ne-SARS kumqolomba waseYunnan.
Umnumzana Daszak uthe ngeli xesha lophononongo lwesibini, iqela lentsimi lathatha iisampulu zegazi kwi-400 Yunnanese, malunga nama-3 ahlala kufutshane nomqolomba. Malunga neepesenti ezi-XNUMX kubo babene-antibodies ngokuchasene ne-coronavirus efana ne-SARS.
βAsazi ukuba baye bagula na. Kodwa oku kusixelela kona kukuba ezi ntsholongwane zitsiba ukusuka kumalulwane ziye ebantwini izihlandlo ezininzi. β Ngamanye amazwi, le ngxakeko yaseWuhan ayilophuhliso olutsha. Iyinxalenye yolandelelwano lweemeko ezingalindelekanga ezinxulumeneyo ezibuyela emva kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye ziya kuqhubeka kwixesha elizayo ukuba nje iimeko zangoku zisaqhubeka.
Ke xa ugqibile ukuzikhathaza ngokuqhambuka, zixhalabele ngokulandelayo. Okanye wenze okuthile malunga neemeko zangoku.
Iimeko zangoku zibandakanya izilwanyana zasendle ezinobungozi kunye norhwebo lokutya, kunye namakhonkco okubonelela ahamba nge-Asiya, i-Afrika kunye, ukuya kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, i-United States nakwamanye amazwe. Olu rhwebo luye lwanqunyanyiswa okwethutyana eTshayina. Kodwa yenzeka ngexesha le-SARS, emva koko urhwebo lwavunyelwa kwakhona - amalulwane, iicivets, iiporcupines, iifudo, iimpuku ze-bamboo, iintlobo ezininzi zeentaka kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezifunjwe kunye kwiimarike ezinje eWuhan.
Iimeko zangoku zikwaquka abantu abazibhiliyoni ezisi-7,6 abaseMhlabeni abasoloko befuna ukutya. Abanye bahlwempuzekile kwaye bafuna iiprotheyini. Ezinye zizityebi kwaye ziyinkcitho kwaye ziyakwazi ukuhamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeplanethi ngenqwelomoya. Ezi zinto azizange zibonwe ngaphambili kwiplanethi enguMhlaba: siyazi ngokusuka kwingxelo yefosili ukuba asikho isilwanyana esikhulu esakha saba sikhulu njengokuba abantu benjalo namhlanje. Kwaye esinye seziphumo zolu buninzi, la mandla kunye nokuphazamiseka okuhambelana nendalo kukwanda kokutshintshiselana ngentsholongwane - okokuqala ukusuka kwisilwanyana ukuya emntwini, emva koko ukusuka emntwini ukuya emntwini, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kubhubhane.
Sihlasela amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye neminye imimandla yasendle elikhaya leentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo, kwaye ngaphakathi kuzo zininzi iintsholongwane ezingaziwayo. Sigawula imithi; sibulala izilwanyana okanye sizivalele kwaye sizithumele kwiimarike. Sitshabalalisa i-ikhosistim kwaye sishukumise iintsholongwane ezivela kwimikhosi yazo yendalo. Xa oku kusenzeka, bafuna umnini omtsha. Ngokufuthi iba sithi.
Uludwe lwezo ntsholongwane zivela ebantwini luvakala ngathi ligubu elibi: eMachupo, eBolivia, ngowe-1961; eMarburg, eJamani, ngowe-1967; I-Ebola, iZaire neSudan, ngowe-1976; HIV, eNew York naseKhalifoniya, ngowe-1981; Ifomu kaHunt (ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba nguSin Nombre), kumzantsi-ntshona weUnited States, ngowe-1993; eHendra, eOstreliya, ngowe-1994; umkhuhlane weentaka eHong Kong 1997; eNipah, eMalaysia, ngowe-1998; eWest Nile, eNew York, ngowe-1999; SARS, China, 2002-3; MERS, Saudi Arabia, 2012; I-Ebola kwakhona, eNtshona Afrika, ngo-2014. Kwaye oku kukhetha kuphela. Ngoku sine-nCoV-2019, isibetho sokugqibela kwigubu.
Iimeko zangoku zikwabandakanya abalawuli abaxokayo kwaye bafihle iindaba ezimbi, kunye namagosa anyuliweyo aqhayisa kwizihlwele ngokugawula amahlathi ukuze adale imisebenzi kumahlathi kunye nezolimo okanye ukusika uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezempilo kunye nophando. Umgama osuka eWuhan okanye eAmazon ukuya eParis, eToronto okanye eWashington umncinci kwezinye iintsholongwane, ulinganiswa ngeeyure, unikezwe ukuba banokuhamba kangakanani nabakhweli benqwelomoya. Kwaye ukuba ucinga ukuba ukulungela ubhubhane ngemali kuyabiza, linda de ubone iindleko zokugqibela zobhubhani wangoku.
Ngethamsanqa, iimeko zangoku zikwabandakanya izazinzulu ezikrelekrele, ezizinikeleyo kunye neengcali zokuphendula ngokuqhambuka-ezinje ngezazinzulu ezivela kwi-Wuhan Institute of Virology, i-EcoHealth Alliance, amaZiko aseMelika oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo (CDC), iCDC yaseTshayina kunye namanye amaziko amaninzi. Aba ngabantu abangena kwimiqolomba yamalulwane, kwimigxobhozo nakwiilabhoratri zokhuseleko oluphezulu, ngokufuthi bebeka ubomi babo esichengeni, ukuze bafumane ilindle, igazi nobunye ubungqina obuxabisekileyo bokufunda ukulandelelana kwegenomic nokuphendula imibuzo ephambili.
Njengoko inani losulelo olutsha lwe-coronavirus lonyukile kwaye inani lokufa kunye nalo, i-metric enye, izinga lokufa kwabantu, liye lahlala lizinzile ukuza kuthi ga ngoku: okanye ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezi-3. Le yimpumelelo ehambelanayo - imbi kakhulu kuneentlobo ezininzi zomkhuhlane, ngcono kune-SARS.
Eli thamsanqa alinakuhlala ixesha elide. Akukho mntu waziyo ukuba uphuhliso luya kuba yintoni na. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu, inyumoniya yaseWuhan inokuba yimbali. Okanye hayi.
Sijongene nemingeni emibini emikhulu, ixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide. Ixesha elifutshane: Kufuneka senze konke esisemandleni ethu, ngobukrelekrele, ngokuzola nangokuzibophelela ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo, ukuqulatha kunye nokucima oku kuqhambuka kwe-nCoV-2019 ngaphambi kokuba kube, kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ubhubhani otshabalalisayo wehlabathi. Ixesha elide: Kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba xa uthuli luzinzile, i-nCoV-2019 yayingeyosiganeko esitsha okanye intlekele esehleleyo. Yayiyinxalenye yokhetho esilwenzayo thina bantu.
Inguqulelo: A. Rzheshevsky.
umthombo: www.habr.com