Emva kokuxoxa kumanqaku adlulileyo malunga , ΠΈ , siya kuqhubeka siqokelela ulwazi malunga neenkqubo eziyimfuneko kunye neenkonzo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwezi OS.
Enyanisweni, eli nqaku liye labonakala liyithiyori. Ingxaki kukuba akukho nto intsha kunye nentsusa kwiinkqubo "zasekhaya". Kwaye ukubhala kwakhona into efanayo kwixesha lekhulu, ngaphandle kokongeza nantoni na entsha, andiyiboni inqaku. Ngoko ke kuya kubakho indibano kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha malunga neenkqubo zokungenisa endaweni.
Ukongeza, kuphela Viola, Astra ΠΈ Rosa. Ku- I-OS ebomvu is (ithobeke kakhulu kwincasa yam). Ngaphezu koko, amanqaku eRosa kule Wiki ahlala ephelelwe lixesha kwaye aphelelwe lixesha, angowama-2013-2014 kwaye anxulumene nokuhanjiswa kwakudala ... Kodwa kwezinye iinkqubo zeWiki, qwalasela ukuba azikho kwaphela. Ke ngoko, kunikezelo olungenayo i-KB okanye i-Wiki, siya kucinga ukuba kufuneka ujonge kwi-Wiki okanye kwi-KB yokuhanjiswa komzali. Kuba UROSA I-CentOS (umnqwazi oBomvu) Astra -Debian Bala - Gentoo, I-OS ebomvu - Umnqwazi obomvu, AlterOS β vulaSUSE, I-axis I-CentOS (umnqwazi oBomvu) Ulyanovsk.BSD -FreeBSD, QP OC - uphuhliso lwasekhaya ngokupheleleyo (ngokweziqinisekiso zabadali bayo, oku akusiyo iLinux).
Kananjalo, okwangoku, ndiza kutsiba inqaku lokuba ndishiya isiseko sonke esekwe kwiMicrosoft, kwaye ndiqale ngeziseko - I-DNS, iNkonzo yoLawulo, iSeva yommeleli. Kwaye ke kuya kubakho iinkqubo kunye neenkonzo ezijolise kumsebenzisi, njengeseva yeposi, iofisi, incoko, njl.
1. Iziseko zophuhliso
1.1. I-DNS
DNS-umncedisi uboniswa kuzo zonke "zasekhaya" iinkqubo zokusebenza kwifom BIND9. Akukho nto intsha. Kwaye akukho nto inzima ekumiseni. Kuphela Bala ayinayo kwindawo yogcino BIND.
I-DDNS -incinci ngakumbi, kodwa akukho nto ingaqhelekanga apha.
IWiki yeROSA inokulandelayo , engenanto yakwenza nemeko yokwenyani. Ke siya kucinga ukuba imiyalelo yokuseta iDDNS yeROSA kufuneka ijongwe njengoko inxulumene neCentOS.
1.2. I-DHCP
Kwakhona, akukho nto intsha, akukho nto inzima.
1.3. Inkonzo kavimba weefayili
1.3.1. Uluhlu lweAstra Linux (ALD)
Akunakwenzeka ukubandakanya umatshini we-Microsft Windows OS kwisizinda se-ALD usebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-Microsft Windows OS.
Ngexesha elifanayo, njengomthengi we-AD, i-Astra ifakwe kwi-domain ngokoqobo .
Kwakhona, njengomlawuli wesizinda kwi-Astra Linux unokusebenza ISAMBA 4. Olu ayilohlaziyo lwe-Astra, le yi-SAMDA ngohlobo lwayo lokuqala. .
1.3.2.ED OS umbutho we-IPA domain, apho yonke into ichazwe ngokweenkcukacha ezaneleyo.
1.3.3. Uluhlu lweROSAKukho ukukhankanywa kwi-Intanethi ukuba iROSA inophuhliso lwayo lwe-ROSA Directory Server. Wiki yabo iye kule akhawunti. Umhla we-28 kaFebruwari 2013. Kukho kwakhona ukukhankanywa kwesixhobo esinomdla se-Rosa Server Setup. Kwaye ndaqala ukumba, kunomdla ukuchukumisa.
Ngokubanzi, ekukhutshweni kwe-R7, konke oku kwanqunyulwa. Njengoko ndiyiqonda, oku kwakungenxa yokuba iRosa yaphinda yakhiwa ngokusekwe kwiCentOS endaweni yeMandriva, kwaye iDirectory yabo yayisekwe kwi. Iseva kavimba weefayili eMandriva, kwaye ayizange ilunge kwi-CentOS.
Ke ngoko, njengazo zonke ezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza, UROSA inokufakwa SAMBA ukuhambelana namazwi, kwaye uyisebenzise njengomlawuli wesizinda.
1.3.4. Alt FreeIPA
Phantse zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza "zasekhaya" kwiimarike zinamandla okusebenza njengomlawuli wesizinda ngokusekelwe SAMBA ukuhambelana namazwi. Kodwa i-SAMBA inomda omkhulu xa usebenza nabathengi abasekwe kwiWindows:
ISamba AD DC isebenza kwinqanaba lomlawuli wesizinda se-Windows 2008 R2. Ungayingenisa kwindawo yeWindows 2012 njengomthengi, kodwa hayi njengomlawuli wesizinda.
Ke, ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kweeseva zeWindows kunye neendawo zokusebenza, ukuba siyazifuna, kwaye ziyafuneka, kuba kukho isoftware engenakusebenza phantsi kweLinux (iiphakheji ezifanayo zeCAD okanye iipakethe zesoftware zakudala zezixhobo ezingenzi nto konke konke Phumelela i-XP, akunakwenzeka ukuyifaka), kufuneka sibeke i-domain esekelwe Windows okanye MahalaIPA. Ukusasaza iFreeIPA yinkqubo enzima, ngelixa indawo esekwe kwiWindows ibekwa kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Kwimeko yam, iindleko zexesha zero, kuba sele ndinayo indawo yeWindows. Kwangaxeshanye, iLinux inokungena isebenzisa iAD. Ngobulungisa, ndiqaphela ukuba iWindows inokungena ngeFreeIPA.
Le yindlela endizisa ngayo ingqiqo yokuba kutheni ndingafuni ukuyeka abalawuli besizinda seMicrosoft Windows. Sele ndinayo. Andiboni sizathu sokuchitha ixesha elininzi kunye nomzamo wokuqeqesha kwakhona abalawuli abasetyenziselwa ukwenza lula ujongano lomzobo weWindows ukusebenza ngeefayile ezibhaliweyo kwiinkqubo zeLinux. Ewe, i-IPA inonxibelelwano lwewebhu, kodwa loo nto ayizitshintshi izinto. (I-Linuxoids iya kundinika iikota zala magama, kodwa njengomlawuli weWindows oye wasebenza neLinux, ndiyayazi le nto ndithetha ngayo. Andiqondi ukuba ungakuthanda njani ukumba kubahleli besicatshulwa, ukufunda amawakawaka. yemigca yekhowudi, yoyika ukutywinwa xa usenza utshintsho.Ngelixesha ujongano lomzobo ngokwalo luyakubonisa yonke into, ngokukhawuleza, chaza, cinezela nje iqhosha kwaye ufake iiparamitha eziyimfuneko. Yiyo loo nto. Ndithethe phandle. Shoot!)
Mhlawu ngephutha, malunga nokuthumela umncedisi we IPA. Ngokukhawuleza umntu uya kuba luncedo.
1.4. Umncedisi wommeli
Isikwati inokufumaneka koovimba phantse zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza "zasekhaya". Andazi mntu, kodwa kudala ndisasaza iSkwidi. Ndiyathanda.
I-ROSA ayinalo inqaku elifanayo kwi-Wiki. Kodwa kukho uncwadi oluninzi malunga nokuqwalasela iSquiid kwi-Intanethi. Kwaye isicwangciso siya kwahluka kuphela kumyalelo wofakelo kumphathi wepakethe kwaye, mhlawumbi, kwindawo yeefayile zoqwalaselo.
1.5. Ukubeka iliso
Zabbix ikwiindawo zokugcina Astra, ROSA, Viola, Red OS. Akuyi kubakho iingxaki kule nto, uya kufuna kuphela ukuthumela ngaphandle lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwi-server yemveliso, kwaye uyingenise kwi-server entsha. Ewe, siya kulahlekelwa yimbali, kodwa oku akubalulekanga kwiimeko ezininzi. Kwiimeko apho oku kubaluleke kakhulu, unokushiya zombini iiseva zisebenza de ulwazi kumncedisi omdala luphelelwe lixesha kwaye alusafuneki. Kwaye umzuzwana omnye. , ngokujonga oko, sinokugqiba ukuba uMaria DB uya kufakwa kuluhlu olumnyama kwaye uya kunqunyulwa kwiindawo zokugcina kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza "zasekhaya".
2.User oriented system
2.1. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwi , si I-Firebird 1.5 inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-TEKTON iyasebenza. Ngokufanelekileyo, ngexesha lokutshintshwa kwempahla, eli shishini kufuneka lidluliselwe kwisiseko esitsha. IFirebird ineenguqulelo zeLinux, kodwa inguqulelo 1.5 ayikho kwindawo yokugcina ii-OS "zasekhaya". Kwaye akukho ndlela yokutshintshela kwinguqu yamva, kuba ekudibaneni kweenguqulelo ze-1 kunye ne-2 ye-Firebird, umgaqo wokusebenza kweenkqubo ezigciniweyo zitshintshile, kwaye akukho mntu uya kuzibhala kwakhona ... kwaye abayi kukwazi. ukuya ... kwaye akukho nto, ekubeni le nkqubo kufuneka itshintshwe kwixesha elizayo elikufutshane 1s. Ngoko "ngexesha lokuqala" kuya kwenzeka ukukhuphela iphakheji kwaye uyifake kungekhona kwindawo yokugcina.
2.2. Inkqubo yengxelo yombane I-OASIS ayisebenzi phantsi kweLinux. Ngaphezu koko, i-OASIS ayisebenzi nakweyiphi na enye into ngaphandle kwe-MSSQL Server. Ke, sifuna umatshini obonakalayo oneWindows kunye ne-MSSQL Server. I-Express version iya kwanela, ekubeni i-database incinci. Kodwa awukwazi ukubaleka kule nto, ekubeni ukunika ingxelo kwi-FIU kunye nerhafu isekelwe kule nto.
2.3. Njengoko umncedisi wewebhu I-MS IIS, ngokuqinisekileyo, ayiyi kusebenza, kuya kufuneka usebenzise ezi zifakwe kwiindawo zokugcina Apache okanye Nginx (eyokugqibela ikwiindawo zokugcina zeROSA, Alt, Bala).
Yeyiphi engcono? Uyakwazi ukuqhelana qabane
Ikhonkco kwi-Wiki:
kukho kuphela imiyalelo yokuhlohla, kuya kufuneka uqwalasele ngokolunye uncwadi. Umzekelo, . Okanye mhlawumbi .
2.4. Ingxoxo Corporate ngokugunyaziswa ngeAD. OpenFire okanye ejabberd. Ilula kwaye isimahla.
Ungasebenzisa nantoni na njengomthengi wengxoxo, ukusuka Pidgin ΠΈ Miranda, ezikwiindibano ze-OS, kwaye ziphela ngento ezibhalileyo.
2.5. Iseva yemeyile. Njengoko benditshilo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ndiyayithanda iZimbra. Inokuthunyelwa kwisiseko se-RELS.
Kukho neepakethe kwii-OS zokugcina postfix/exim/dovecot.
Ngokumalunga nokusekwa kweRosa. Wiki yabo iye , Ngomhla kaFebruwari 28, 2013. Inkathazo kuphela kukuba ichaza indlela yokusebenzisa i-RSS (i-ROSA Server Setup), leyo, njengoko nditshilo ngasentla, isuswe kwinguqu yangoku yokusabalalisa. Ke ngoku ungasebenzisa imiyalelo yokuseta iseva yemeyile ngaphandle kokubotshelelwa kwi-OS. Umzekelo, .
Unokujonga kwakhona ukhetho lwesoftware yobunini ngohlobo lwe "Umncedisi weOfisi yam"okanye"CommuniGate Pro". Kodwa andiluthandi olu khetho. Ubuncinane kuba ihlawulwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkxaso ilungile, isiqinisekiso. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba phantse bonke abalawuli banokuqinisekisa impilo yomncedisi weposi, imfuno yenkxaso iyathandabuzeka. Kwaye ukuba iCommuniGate yisoftware eqinisekisiweyo, ngoko ke iOfisi yam yadalwa ngo-2014, kwaye mna ngokobuqu ndinenkxalabo malunga nenani leempazamo ezinokuthi zibanjwe kule nkqubo. Ngayo yonke le nto, ixabiso leemveliso zombini, ngokombono wam, liphezulu ngokungafanelekanga.
2.6. Ugcino kunikezelo olunikiweyo IBacula. Ukwenza le monster yi-epic yonke. Zininzi izixhobo kulo mba, kodwa kusengumsebenzi opheleleyo. Kodwa iBacula sisixhobo esinamandla kwaye siluncedo kakhulu seqonga.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo into yokuba u-Alt liqabane elisemthethweni le-Bacula eRashiya, sinokuthemba ukuba iinguqulelo ezintsha zolusasazo ziya kuvela kwiindawo zabo zokugcina.
2.7. phezu umxhasi weposi Thunderbird, evezwe kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza "zasekhaya", andiyi kuthetha nto.
2.8. Malunga nezikhangeli zewebhu Mozilla Firefox, evezwe kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza "zasekhaya" kunye neYandex.Browser, enokufakwa kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza "zasekhaya", ndiya kuhlala ndithule.
2.9. Indawo yeofisi. Ibandakanyiwe kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokusebenza "zasekhaya". Ineendlela ezi-2 ezihlawulelwayo - ezi ""Kwaye"". I-P-7 inenguqulo yovavanyo lwekhithi yokusabalalisa "ukuzama". Ngaba . Ngokuka "MyOffice", ndiza kuyishiya apha ΠΈ (Ndikucebisa ukuba ubeke ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwizimvo).
2.10. 1C: ISHISHINI. Umzekelo
Wiki Astra uye malunga nokuhlohla i-1c zombini umxhasi kunye namalungu omncedisi.
I-ROSA Wiki iye . Kuyamangaza ukuba akukho nqaku malunga nokuqwalasela umncedisi, kuba i-esque iphakama kwi-CentOS. Umzekelo, apha .
I-Alt Wiki iye ukufakela kunye noqwalaselo, olukwaqulethe amakhonkco aluncedo.
3. Isiphelo
Kulungile, ndingathini emva kokufunda ulwazi olunxulumene nokutshintshwa endaweni? Konke oku kukuthuka. Oku akuphelisi ukuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, akurhoxisi ukuxhomekeka kubaphuhlisi bangaphandle. Ithatha indawo enye kwenye, ikuvumela ukuba ungondle oomalume basemzini, kodwa abethu, abasekhaya. Iirhafu zentengiso ziya ku-nondyebo karhulumente, oku kukudibanisa. Kodwa ininzi yemali iya kuphelela ezandleni "zoomalume kunye no-anti" abasele becebile, kwaye abayi kufikelela kwiimali zokuthembela, oku kuncinci. Nawaphi na amashishini afana ne "New Cloud Technologies" ebhengeza ukuba "injongo yabo ayikuko ukuba zizityebi kwinkqubo yokungenisa endaweni ..." eneneni alandele le njongo, kungenjalo bekungayi kubakho iingxelo ezinjalo, bekungayi kubakho matyala ezinkundleni. kunye neengxelo kwi-Federal Antimonopoly Service. Abazukuthatha isiqwenga seLibreOffice kwaye bayipeyinte kwakhona phantsi kwe "Own Office".
Ukuthatha imveliso yamahhala, esele yenziwe ngumntu, yigqibe encinci kwaye uyithengise phantsi kwengubo yakho, ngokombono wam, ubuncinane i-nae encinci ... i-swindle. Hayi, bona, ngokuqinisekileyo, benza iinkqubo zokukhusela, i-encryption ikhona, yiyo yonke into, bazisa yonke into phantsi kwesatifikethi se-FSTEC ... Kodwa ezi azikho iimveliso ezenziwe ngabo. Ngaphandle kwe-QP OS, i-Cryptosoft yenza yonke into ngokwayo. Kwaye ngenxa yoku, baya kuba neengxaki zokuhambelana, kunye nokungabikho kwesofthiwe ye-OS yabo, iibhugi ezingabanjwanga, njl. kwaye nangokunjalo. Kodwa benjenjalo. U-Alt wenza ngaphambi kokuba i-hype ifake indawo yokungenisa, nazo zinkulu, azizange ziyenze ngenxa yenzuzo yesikhashana, ngokholo oluhle, ngenxa yokuba bafumana imali kwinto eyayingeyena umlambo oyintloko.
Akunjalo nje ukuba ndibhala igama elithi "ikhaya" kumanqaku okucaphula, kuba kukho enye okanye ezimbini iinkqubo zasekhaya. Inye kuphela inkqubo yokusebenza. Loluphi uhlobo βlokungeniswa endaweni endaweniβ esithetha ngalo luhlala luyimfihlakalo.
Hayi, ngokubanzi, ukuba ufuna ngokwenene kwaye uchithe ixesha elininzi kunye nomzamo, ngoko unokuphakamisa iziseko kunye neenkonzo ezininzi kwi-Linux. Kodwa ngenxa yoku kufuneka uqeqeshe kwakhona okanye utshintshe abalawuli windows, kwaye ubenze babomvu-iliso kwiifayile zeteksti zeseto zesicelo. Kodwa iipesenti ezingama-90 zezi nkqubo aziyi kuba zezasekhaya, ziya kukhululeka kwaye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, zipeyintwe kancinane. Ngephepha lodonga elikruqulayo. Ngokubanzi, yonke le ngxwabangxwaba ibonakala ngathi yimbudane ebiza imali eninzi. Ukuba emva koko sithini ngathi? Ingqolowa evakalayo kule nkqubo yonke iphelile kwinqanaba lengcamango, xa kwathiwa imfihlelo kufuneka idluliselwe kwiinkqubo zethu ezikhuselekileyo ukwenzela ukuba "utshaba lungafumani nto." Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kwaphumela ekubeni zonke iingcamango eziqhelekileyo ziphalazwe kuthi. Ewe, ishishini kwilizwe lethu lakhiwe ngolu hlobo - inzuzo ephezulu ngexabiso elincinci.
4. Kufuneka wenze ntoni?
Lila kwaye utofe ... Kukho umyalelo - kufuneka uwenze, kungenjalo baya kukohlwaya. Indlela abaza kohlwaywa ngayo ayaziwa. Ingxaki kukuba akukho mntu waziyo ukuba iziphumo zenkqubo yokufakwa endaweni yokungenisa elizweni ziya kujongwa njani, kuquka nabo baya kukhangela. Akukho datha ekukwazi ukusebenzisa isoftware evela kwii-OS zokugcina. Ngaba inokusetyenziswa? Kwalelwe? Wonke umntu usebenzisa - ngoko unako? Kodwa ayikho kwirejista yoMphathiswa weTelecom kunye noNxibelelwano lweMisa - ngoko akunakwenzeka? Akukho zimpendulo kule mibuzo. Kodwa umntu uxele usebenzisa iLibreOffice efanayo, eyinxalenye ye-OS. Khwela. Kuthekani ngeZabbix? Lowo ubandakanyiweyo kwindawo yokugcina - unako, kodwa ukuba ukhuphela inguqulelo efanayo kumagosa - awukwazi? njl. kwaye nangokunjalo. Kwaye iphi ingqiqo apha?
Ngenxa yoko, kuhlala kuphela ukuzisa isabelo sesoftware esetyenzisiweyo kwizikhombisi ezisekiweyo, ukuchitha imali eninzi ekuthengeni nasekuxhaseni kwayo, kunye nokuqeqesha abasebenzi ukuba basebenze ngesoftware entsha kubo. Kukho uluvo lokuba "ubungqongqo bemithetho yaseRashiya bubuyekezwe ngokukhetha ukuphunyezwa kwayo", kodwa ukuthemba oku kuyinto enjalo ...
5.PS:
Ngelixa ndandibhala la manqaku, kwafuneka ndiyihlakulele inkcazelo eninzi kangangokuba ndandizibuza ukuba ndandiyigcine njani yonke loo nto entlokweni yam. Yaye ndiyavuya kuba olu ngcelele lwamanqaku lufikelele esiphelweni. Kwakukho kuphela inqaku malunga ne-QP OC, endithembise ukuyibhalela kummeli wabo ngokutshintshiselana nethuba lokuchukumisa ukuhanjiswa. Mhlawumbi kamva kuya kubakho enye into malunga nentsimbi njengenxalenye yokutshintshwa okufanayo kokungenisa, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku le yifolokhwe emanzini.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ulwazi oluqokelelweyo kwaye luhlalutywe ndim luya kunceda umntu onzima kumsebenzi wokutshintshela kwisoftware "yasekhaya". Ndiyanibulela nonke kwaye ndinibone kwakhona.
umthombo: www.habr.com