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Kunzima ukuqikelela impumelelo yencwadi""eyapapashwa kwinguqulelo yesiRashiya kwaye ipapashwa rhoqo phantsi kwesihloko""
Kungekudala, umbhali uthumele iposi ethembekileyo kunye neenkcukacha kwiblogi yakhe malunga nendlela aye wakwazi ngayo ukusebenza kule ncwadi, ukuba yayimvumela kangakanani ukuba azuze, kwaye njani, ngaphandle kwemali, izibonelelo zomsebenzi wombhali zilinganiswa. Olu papasho kufuneka lufundwe kuye nabani na owakhe wacinga ngokuba yintshatsheli yoncwadi ngumbhali wethu, kodwa akakasithathi isigqibo sokuba kufanelekile na ukuthatha iprojekthi enamabhongo.
Sifunda ngovuyo!
Isanda kuthengiswa iikopi zencwadi yam "Izicelo zoMthwalo oPhezulu". Kunyaka ophelileyo, incwadi yam yayiyeyesibini incwadi ethengiswa kakhulu kuyo yonke ikhathalogu ye-O'Reilly, ngasemva kuphela U-AurΓ©lien Gerona ekufundeni koomatshini. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ukufunda ngomatshini sisihloko esishushu kakhulu, ke indawo yesibini kule meko iyanelisa kum.
Ndandingayilindelanga kwaphela into yokuba le ncwadi iphumelele ngolo hlobo; Ndandilindele ukuba ibe yi-niche, ngoko ndazibekela usukelo lokuthengisa iikopi ezili-10 ngaphambi kokuba incwadi iphelelwe lixesha. Emva kokuba ndigqithise le bar ngokuphindwe kashumi, ndagqiba ekubeni ndijonge ngasemva kwaye ndikhumbule ukuba bekunjani. Isithuba besingajoliswanga ekubeni sibe ne-narcissistic kakhulu; Injongo yam yayikukukuxelela ukuba yintoni icandelo leshishini lokubhala.
Ngaba iprojekthi enjalo iyathetheleleka ngokwembono yezemali?
Uninzi lweencwadi zenza imali encinci kumbhali okanye kumshicileli, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha incwadi efana noHarry Potter iza. Ukuba uza kubhala incwadi, ndincoma kakhulu ukuba ucinge ukuba iimali zakho zexesha elizayo ziya kufutshane ne-zero. Kuyafana nokuba uqokelela iqela lomculo nabahlobo kwaye unethemba lokuba ulindelwe yinkwenkwezi yerock. Kunzima ukuqikelela kwangaphambili ukuba kuya kuba yintoni ukubetha kunye nokuba yintoni eya kuflop. Mhlawumbi oku kusebenza kwiincwadi zobugcisa ukuya kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kuneentsomi kunye nomculo, kodwa ndiyakrokrela ukuba naphakathi kweencwadi zobugcisa kukho ii-hits ezimbalwa, kwaye ezininzi zithengisa ngeentlelo ezithobekileyo.
Ngaloo nto ithethwayo, ndiyavuya ukuthi xa sijonga umva incwadi yam yajika yaba yiprojekthi enomvuzo wemali. Igrafu ibonisa iintlawulo endizifumeneyo ukusukela oko incwadi ithe yathengiswa:
Iyonke imali yeroyalty
Ulwabiwo lwemali ngokwemiqathango yenyanga
Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-2Β½ le ncwadi "ikhutshwe kwangaphambili" (idrafti) ithi: Ndandisasebenza kuyo, kwaye sayikhulula ngendlela engalungiswanga, isahluko ngesahluko njengoko yayilungile, kwifomathi ye-ebook kuphela. Le ncwadi yapapashwa ngokusemthethweni ngoMatshi ka-2017 kwaye ushicilelo olushicilelweyo lwathengiswa. Ukusukela ngoko, iintengiso ziye zaguquguquka inyanga nenyanga, kodwa iyonke yahlala izinzile ngokumangalisayo. Ngexesha elithile ndaqala ukulindela ukuba imarike yayiza kuhlutha (oko kukuthi, abaninzi ababefuna ukuthenga le ncwadi babeza kuyifumana), kodwa okwangoku oku kubonakala ngathi akuzange kwenzeke: ngaphezu koko, ekupheleni kwe-2018, iintengiso ziye zakhula ngokuphawulekayo (andazi ukuba kutheni). I-x-axis iphela ngoJulayi ka-2020 kuba emva kokuthengisa kuthatha iinyanga ezimbalwa ukuba i-royalty ifike kwiakhawunti yam.
Ngokwekhontrakthi, ndifumana i-25% yengeniso yomshicileli kwiintengiso ze-e-book, ukufikelela kwi-intanethi kunye nelayisenisi, kunye ne-10% yengeniso yeencwadi zokuprinta kunye ne-5% yentlawulo yokuguqulela. Le yipesenti yexabiso lentengo elihlawulwe ngabathengisi / abasasazo kumshicileli, oku kuthetha ukuba ayithatheli ingqalelo kwii-markups zokuthengisa. Amanani aboniswe kweli candelo yimali ehlawulwa kum, emva kokuba umthengisi kunye nomshicileli bathathe isabelo sabo, kodwa ngaphambi kweerhafu.
Ukusukela oko yaqalayo, intengiso iyonke ibi (ngeedola zaseMelika):
- Incwadi eprintiweyo: iikopi ze-68, ii-royalties $ 763 ($ 161 / ikopi)
- E-ncwadi: 33 iikopi, royalties $420 ($169 / ikopi)
- Ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi kwi-O'Reilly: ii-royalties $110 (Andazi ukuba incwadi ifundwe kangaphi kweli jelo)
- Iinguqulelo: iikopi ze-5, ii-royalty $ 896 ($ 8 / ikopi)
- Okunye ilayisensi: ebukhosini $34
- Iyonke: 108 iikopi, royalties $079
Imali eninzi, kodwa lingakanani ixesha endilityale kuyo! Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ndichithe malunga neminyaka eyi-2,5 yomsebenzi osisigxina kwincwadi kunye nophando olunxulumeneyo - kwisithuba seminyaka emi-4. Ngeli xesha, ndachitha unyaka wonke (2014-2015) ndisebenza kwincwadi, ngaphandle kwengeniso, kwaye ixesha eliseleyo ndakwazi ukudibanisa ukulungiswa kwencwadi kunye nomsebenzi wexeshana.
Ngoku, ngokubuyisela emva, kuyacaca ukuba le minyaka eyi-2,5 ayizange ichithelwe ilize, ekubeni ingeniso endiziswe ngulo msebenzi ifana nomvuzo womdwelisi ovela eSilicon Valley, endinokuyifumana ukuba andizange ndiyenze. ushiye kwi-LinkedIn ngo-2014 ukuya kusebenza kwincwadi. Kodwa kakade andizange ndiyibone le nto! Imirhumo inokuba ngaphantsi ngokuphindwe ka-10, kwaye ithemba elinjalo liya kuba nomtsalane kangako ngokwembono yezemali.
Ayiyomali yodwa
Inxalenye yempumelelo yencwadi yam inokubangelwa kukuba ndichithe umzamo omkhulu wokuyikhuthaza. Okoko le ncwadi ibikhutshwa kwangethuba, ndinike iintetho eziphantse zibe ngama-50 kwiinkomfa ezinkulu, kwaye ndiye ndaneendibano ezininzi zokuthetha βezimenyiweyoβ kwiinkampani nakwiiyunivesithi. Kuyo yonke le mbonakalo bendiyiphakamisa incwadi yam ngokupasa. Ndiye ndafana nemvumi yomculo werock ekhenketha ukuze ibonise icwecwe elitsha, yaye ndiyarhana ukuba kungenxa yale midlalo eyathi le ncwadi yaziwa ngokubanzi. Izithuba ezimbalwa kwibhlog yam zazidume kakhulu, kwaye mhlawumbi ziye zatsala umdla wabafundi abanokubakho kule ncwadi. Okwangoku, ndenza iintetho kancinci kancinci, ke ndiyakholelwa ukuba ulwazi malunga nencwadi lusasazeka ngomlomo (kwiintanethi zentlalo; abafundi bacebisa le ncwadi koogxa).
Ngokudibanisa iintetho kunye nokukhuthaza le ncwadi, wakwazi ukuba aqapheleke kuluntu kwaye aphuhlise igama elihle kule ntsimi. Ndifumana izimemo ezininzi ngakumbi zokuthetha kwiinkomfa ezahlukeneyo kunokuba ndinokwamkela ngokusengqiqweni. Olu thethathethwano ngokwalo alungomthombo wengeniso (kwiinkomfa ezilungileyo zeshishini, ababonisi bahlala behlawulelwa uhambo kunye nendawo yokuhlala, kodwa iiseshini zokuthetha ngokwazo azifane zihlawulwe), nangona kunjalo, igama elinjalo liluncedo njengesibhengezo - uyasondela kuwe. njengomcebisi.
Ndenze ukubonisana okuncinci kakhulu (kwaye namhlanje ndilahla rhoqo izicelo ezinjalo kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo, njengoko ndigxininise kuphando lwam), kodwa ndiyakrokrela ukuba kwimeko yangoku akuyi kuba nzima kum ukwenza ishishini lokubonisana kunye noqeqesho olunenzuzo - ukuqhagamshelana neenkampani kunye nokubanceda ukuba basombulule iingxaki ezinxulumene neziseko zedatha. Ubonwa njengengcali ethembekileyo kunye nengcali kwishishini, kwaye iinkampani zizimisele ukuhlawula imali entle ngeengcebiso zeengcali ezinjalo.
Ndinike ingqwalasela enkulu kubukho bezemali bokugunyazisa kuba ndikholelwa ukuba iincwadi zizixhobo zemfundo eziluncedo kakhulu (ngaphezulu koku kungezantsi). Ndifuna ukuba abantu abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka babhale iincwadi zabo, oko kuthetha ukuba umsebenzi onjalo kufuneka ube ngumsebenzi wokuzimela.
Ndakwazi ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kuphando olunxulumene nencwadi kuba ndandikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle komvuzo unyaka wonke, ulonwabo abantu abaninzi abangenakulufikelela. Ukuba abantu babenako ukulungiselela izinto zokufundisa, ngoko kwakuya kubakho uncwadi olulunge ngakumbi olulolu hlobo.
Le ncwadi ngumthombo wemfundo ofikelelekayo
Ayikuphela nje incwadi enokuzisa iingenelo ezinkulu zemali; Umsebenzi onjalo unezinye iingenelo ezininzi.
Le ncwadi yeyomhlaba wonke ukufumaneka: Phantse wonke umntu, ehlabathini lonke, unokukwazi ukuthenga incwadi. Ixabiso eliphantsi ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto kunekhosi yaseyunivesithi okanye uqeqesho lweshishini; Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uye kwesinye isixeko ukuze usebenzise incwadi. Abantu abahlala emaphandleni okanye kumazwe asakhasayo banokufunda iincwadi ngendlela efanayo neyabo bahlala kwiindawo zobugcisa behlabathi. Incwadi inokupheqululwa ngokulula okanye ifundwe ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni, njengoko uthanda. Awudingi noqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi ukuze ufunde incwadi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngandlela-thile le ncwadi ingaphantsi kwemfundo yaseyunivesithi, umzekelo, ayinikezeli ngempendulo yomntu, ayikuvumeli ukuba uqalise oonxibelelwano beengcali, okanye udibanise. Kodwa njengendlela yokudlulisela ulwazi, le ncwadi phantse iyasebenza ngokungenakuphikiswa.
Ewe kunjalo, zininzi ezinye izixhobo ezikwi-Intanethi: iWikipedia, iiblogi, iividiyo, ukuPhuphuma kweSitaki, amaxwebhu e-API, amanqaku ophando, njl. Zilungile njengemathiriyeli yereferensi yokuphendula imibuzo ethile (efana nokuthi "zithini iiparamitha ze-foo?"), kodwa eneneni, olo lwazi luncinci kwaye kunzima ukululungiselela imfundo enentsingiselo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, incwadi ebhalwe kakuhle inika ikharityhulam ekhethwe ngokucokisekileyo kunye nengqiqo kunye nenkcazo, ebaluleke kakhulu xa uzama ukuqonda isihloko esinzima okokuqala.
Le ncwadi ilinganisa kakuhle kuneeklasi eziphilayo. Nokuba bendinokuchitha lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wam ndifundisa kweyona ndawo inkulu yemidlalo yeqonga kwiyunivesithi yam, bendingenakufikelelwa kubantu abali-100 000. Kwimeko yezifundo zomntu ngamnye kunye neqela elincinci, umsantsa ubanzi ngakumbi. Kodwa le ncwadi ikuvumela ukuba ufikelele kubaphulaphuli abaninzi ngaphandle kobunzima obuninzi.
Zisa inzuzo eninzi kunaleyo uyifumanayo
Xa ubhala incwadi, . Ukuqinisekisa oku, ndiza kuzama ukuvandlakanya izibonelelo eziziswa yincwadi yam.
Masithi kwi-100 yabantu abasele beyithengile incwadi yam, isibini kwisithathu sizimisele ukuyifunda, kodwa abakafiki kuyo. Ngokubhekele phaya masicinge ukuba isinye kwisithathu sabo sele beyifundile siye sakwazi ukusebenzisa ezinye zeengcamango ezikule ncwadi, yaye abanye bayifunda ngenjongo nje yokufuna umdla.
Ngoko ke makhe sithathe uqikelelo olululo: i-10% yabo bathenge le ncwadi bakwazile ukuxhamla kuyo.
Inokuba yintoni inzuzo yoku? Kwimeko yencwadi yam, le nzuzo ivela ikakhulu ekwenzeni izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zokwakha xa udala iindawo zokugcina idatha. Ukuba wenza lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, unokwenza iinkqubo ezipholileyo, kwaye ukuba wenza impazamo, unokuchitha iminyaka uphuma kobu bugxwayiba obuzifake kubo.
Eli nani linzima ukulilinganisa, kodwa masicinge ukuba umfundi osebenzise iimbono kwincwadi yam wakwazi ukunqanda isigqibo esibi ebesinokufuna. . Ngenxa yoko, abafundi abali-10 000 abalusebenzisayo olu lwazi bakhulule malunga neenyanga zomntu ezingama-10 000, okanye iminyaka yomntu engama-833, eyayinokuchithwa kwizinto eziluncedo ngakumbi kunokuphuma ebugxwayibeni.
Ukuba ndichithe iminyaka eyi-2,5 ndisebenza kule ncwadi, ndisindisa abanye abantu ixesha elipheleleyo le-833 leminyaka, ndifumene amaxesha angaphezu kwama-300 embuyekezo yomsebenzi wam. Ukuba sicinga ukuba umvuzo womdwelisi we-avareji yi-$ 100k ngonyaka, ngoko ixabiso elinikezwe yincwadi yi-$ 80m. Abafundi bachithe malunga ne-$4m ukuthenga ezi ncwadi zili-100, ngoko ke inzuzo eyenziweyo inkulu ngokuphindwe ngama-000 kunexabiso elithengiweyo. Ngaphezu koko, ndiphawula kwakhona ukuba olu luqikelelo olulumke kakhulu.
Le ncwadi izisa okungakumbi kuneengenelo ezichazwe ngasentla. Ngokomzekelo, abafundi abaninzi bavuma kum ukuba, ngenxa yencwadi yam, baphumelele udliwano-ndlebe ngempumelelo, bafumana umsebenzi wabo wamaphupha, kwaye banikezela ukhuseleko lwemali kwintsapho yabo. Andazi ukuba ndingalinganisa njani olo hlobo lwexabiso, kodwa ndicinga ukuba lukhulu kakhulu.
ezifunyanisiweyo
Ukubhala incwadi yobugcisa akulula, kodwa incwadi elungileyo yezobugcisa yile:
- ixabiso (unceda abantu benze imisebenzi yabo ngcono),
- scalable (inani elikhulu labantu banokuzuza kule ncwadi),
- iyafikeleleka (phantse wonke umntu) kwaye
- ngokwezoqoqosho kunokwenzeka (unokwenza imali elungileyo kule nto).
Kuya kuba mnandi ukuthelekisa lo msebenzi kunye nophuhliso lomthombo ovulekileyo - olunye uhlobo lomsebenzi oluzisa inzuzo enkulu, kodwa . Andinalo uluvo olucacileyo kule nto okwangoku.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukubhala incwadi kunzima ngokwenene, ubuncinci ukuba ufuna ukuyenza kakuhle. Kum yayifaniswa ngokuntsonkotha kuphuhliso kunye nokuthengisa , kwaye kwinkqubo yomsebenzi ndiye ndafumana ingxaki engaphezulu kwesinye. Andikwazi ukuthetha ukuba le nkqubo ibe nefuthe elihle kwimpilo yam yengqondo. Yiyo loo nto ndingangxamelanga ukuqalisa incwadi elandelayo: amanxeba okuqala asematsha kakhulu. Kodwa amanxeba ngokuthe ngcembe aphela kwaye ndiyathemba (mhlawumbi ngokungaziqondi) ukuba kwixesha elizayo izinto ziya kuba lula.
Eyona nto iphambili kukuba ndicinga ukuba ukubhala incwadi yobugcisa yinto efanelekileyo. Imvakalelo yokuba uncede abantu abaninzi iyakhuthaza kakhulu. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi lukwabonelela ngokukhula okubalulekileyo komntu. Ngaphandle koko, akukho ndlela ibhetele yokufunda into kunokuyicacisa kwabanye.
umthombo: www.habr.com