В Inxalenye yokuqala Ndithethe ngokufutshane malunga nendibano ngokwayo, ekuvumela ukuba wenze ikhomputha onokuthi usebenze kuyo i-UnRAID ukwenza i-NAS kunye ne-MikroTik RouterOS kumatshini obonakalayo we-KVM njengendawo yomzila oqhelekileyo.

Amagqabaza ajika abe ziingxoxo eziluncedo kakhulu, ezisekelwe kwiziphumo eziyimfuneko ukulungisa iimpazamo kwindibano yokuqala kwaye ubhale inxalenye yesithathu! Ndiza kuzama ezinye iingcebiso kum kwaye, ndiyathemba, ndibhale inxalenye yesithathu.

Ufakelo lokuqala, kuya kufuneka udibanise imonitha, ikhibhodi kunye nemouse kumncedisi.

Kuhlohlwa i-unRAID

Masiye ku website kwaye ufake i-unRAID kwi-USB flash drive (endilibele ukuyongeza etafileni). Iingcebiso kwii-flash drives zisemgangathweni: uphawu oluqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu bomzimba obukhulu (ukupholisa okungcono). Le flash drive iya kuqalisa unRAID, ngoko ii-SSD zakho ziya kugcinwa ngokupheleleyo. Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ezisemthethweni apha.

Musa ukulibala ukwenza VT-d kunye VT-x inkxaso kwi BIOS yakho!

Sidibanisa i-flash drive kumncedisi kwaye siyiqalise kwimodi ye-GUI.

Igama lomsebenzisi eliqhelekileyo kunye negama lokugqitha: ingcambu ngaphandle kwegama lokugqitha.

Inguqulelo ngexesha lokubhalwa kwayo: 6.7.2

Emva kokuqalisa i-OS, qiniseka ukuba yonke i-hardware edibeneyo ifunyenwe. Inkqubo kufuneka ibone zonke iidiski zakho (iidiski ziboniswe kwi-Main tab), abalawuli ababini be-Ethernet kunye nekhadi le-Wi-Fi (kwaye oku kulungele ukujonga kwiZixhobo -> Izixhobo zeNkqubo).

Ingxaki nabalawuli beMarvell SATA

Ngenxa yempazamo ethile kumqhubi wesilawuli seMarvell, bona ayisebenzi emva kokwenza i-VT-d kuguqulelo lwe-unRAID 6.7.x.

Ndikhethe isisombululo esilula: songeziwe iommu=pt kumtya weparameter egqithiselwe kwi Linux kernel xa iqala. Oku kwenziwa kwi-Main tab (emva koko nqakraza kwisixhobo se-"Flash"). Kwakhona, unokutshintsha okokuqala uqwalaselo kwi-flash drive: boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg

Malunga ne-Intel vPro

Andicebisi ukukhangela i-hardware exhasa i-vPro/AMT.

Okokuqala, ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwe-desktop ekude, kufuneka udibanise iplagi ye-HDMI-dummy okanye i-DP-dummy, ngaphandle koko ikhadi levidiyo elakhelwe ngaphakathi aliyi kuqaliswa ngaphandle kwe-monitor edibeneyo.

Okwesibini, umgangatho wesoftware yomxhasi ovela kwi-Intel uphantsi kakhulu.

Okwesithathu, uya kufezekisa umsebenzi ofanayo wokusetyenziswa kwekhaya kunye ne-wireless okanye intambo ye-HDMI / DP extender kwaye ayiyi kunqunyulwa nayiphi na indlela ekukhetheni i-hardware.

Ukucwangciswa kwenethiwekhi

Yiya kwiiSetingi-> Useto lweNethiwekhi. Njengoko unokuba uqikelele, enye yojongano iya kujonga kwinethiwekhi yendawo, eyesibini - kwi-Intanethi. Ukuqala, thatha isigqibo malunga naleyo iza kuqhagamshelwa kwinethiwekhi yendawo yakho. Kwibhodi yam yomama kukho izincamathelisi ezineedilesi ze-MAC kwiziqhagamshelo, yindlela endiye ndafumanisa ngayo ukuba ngubani.

Ngamafutshane, into ekufuneka uyenzile kukwabela ujongano ngalunye njengelungu leebhulorho ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-L2 kwaye usete idilesi ye-IP engatshintshiyo kuleyo iqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi yendawo. Kujongano olujonge kwi-Intanethi, idilesi ye-IP ayifuneki; I-RouterOS iya kuyiphatha.

Nantsi into ekufuneka uyifumene:

• 192.168.1.2 - idilesi apho i-unRAID iya kufumaneka
• 192.168.0.1 - idilesi ye-RouterOS
• 192.168.1.3 - pi.hole idilesi yeseva ye-DNS

Unokushiya isabelo sedilesi ye-eth0 nge-DHCP, kodwa ke ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki kwi-RouterOS, asiyi kukwazi ukufikelela kwi-unRAID kwaye kuya kufuneka sidibanise i-monitor kunye nekhibhodi kumncedisi.

Emva kokucwangcisa inethiwekhi, ungatshintshela kwiseto ekude ngokuseta ngesandla idilesi ye-IP kumxhasi we-LAN.

Ukusekwa kwendawo yokugcina

Ukusebenzisa umatshini obonakalayo, uya kufuna ukugcinwa, ngoko lixesha lokuyiqwalasela. Andiyi kuyichaza ngokweenkcukacha, kuba ilula kakhulu: kufuneka unikeze iindima kwii-hard drives - enye iDiski 1, enye iParity.

Kwinxalenye yokuqala, ndabhala ukuba i-SSD enye yanele, kodwa enyanisweni oku akunjalo: kungcono ukuthatha ezimbini ezifanayo kwaye wenze i-cache-pool kubo, ngoko ke idatha kubo iya kukhuselwa xa umntu engaphumeleli. . Kwakhona, i-unRAID ayinayo indlela yokugcina idatha kwi-cache. Yonke into ichazwe ngokweenkcukacha apha.

Ifanele kujongeka ngolu hlobo (uxolo, andikayithengi i-SSD yesibini):

Kwakhona, unokuseta kwangoko ishedyuli yokujonga ukulingana kunye nokudlulisa idatha kwi-cache. Oku kwenziwa kwi Izicwangciso -> Umcwangcisi iphepha.

Kwanele ukujonga ukulingana kanye kwiinyanga ezimbini, kwaye udlulise idatha kwi-cache rhoqo ebusuku.

Ungaqwalasela ngoko nangoko izixhobo ezifumanekayo kuthungelwano kwiSabelo tab:

Ngenxa yokuba ndinediski enye kuphela yecache, imimandla ayikhuselekanga. Yonke into kufuneka ibe luhlaza.

Ukufakela i-RouterOS

Okokuqala kufuneka ukhuphele ukufakela umfanekiso we-ISO kusuka apha (khetha x86 Imifanekiso yeCD eZinzileyo) kwaye uyifake Towerisos.

Ngoku lixesha lokudala umatshini wenyani.

Nika inkxaso kwiiSetingi-> Umphathi weVM. Emva koku, ithebhu entsha iya kuvela - iiVMs, yiya kuyo.

Cofa Faka iVM, emva koko iLinux.

• Khetha nje undoqo omnye
• Kwanele ukwabela i-128 okanye i-256 megabytes yememori
• Umatshini - i440fx-3.1
• BIOS SeaBIOS
• Kwi-OS Faka into ye-ISO, khetha umfanekiso okhutshelweyo (/mnt/user/isos/mikrotik-6.46.iso)
• Ubungakanani be-vDisk esisiseko - 256M
• Ibhasi yeVDisk esisiseko - SATA
• Ibhulorho yeNethiwekhi - br0
• Yongeza ujongano lwenethiwekhi yesibini kwaye ukhethe br1
• Ukuba ikhadi lakho le-Wi-Fi aliboniswa kwezinye izixhobo zePCI, kulungile - siza kuyibhala ngesandla kuqwalaselo; ukuba ibonisiwe, khangela ibhokisi
• Okwangoku, sukukhangela Qala i-VM emva kokudala kwaye ucofe Yenza

Khumbula ukuba zeziphi iidilesi ze-MAC eziza kufumana ukuba zeziphi ii-interfaces, ukuze zihambelane nazo kwixesha elizayo kwi-RouterOS.

Ngesizathu esithile, unikezelo oluzenzekelayo lwamazibuko eeVM ezahlukeneyo alusoloko lusebenza ngokwesiqhelo kum, ke vula isiphumo soqwalaselo lweXML kwaye ulungise umgca ngezicwangciso zeVNC kwinto enje:

<graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='no' websocket='5700' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'>
 <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
</graphics>

Ukuba, njengam, ubungenayo iadaptha ye-Wi-Fi kwezinye izixhobo zePCI, yifake ngesandla. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufumane idilesi yayo kwibhasi yePCI. Eyona ndlela ilula yokwenza oku ikwiZixhobo -> IziXhobo zeNkqubo, kuya kubakho umgca apho:

IOMMU group 23: [168c:003c] 0b:00.0 Network controller: Qualcomm Atheros QCA986x/988x 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter

Kwimeko yam ijika ibe:

(uxolo, ngesizathu esithile uHabr's MD parser yi-buggy kule sicatshulwa, kuye kwafuneka ndifake umfanekiso)

Ungaqalisa iVM kwaye uqhagamshele kuyo ngeVNC. Ukufakela i-RouterOS kulula kakhulu! Emva kokuba uxelelwe ukuba ukhethe iipakethi, eyona ndlela ilula kukukhetha zonke ngesitshixo a kwaye ugqibezele ukufakela ngesitshixo i, ukwala ukugcina ubumbeko oludala kunye nokuvuma ukufomatha idiski.

Emva kokuba uqalise kwakhona, faka umlawuli njengegama lokungena, kwaye igama eliyimfihlo alinanto.

Cofa /interface print kwaye qinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ibona zontathu zojongano lwakho lomsebenzi womnatha (ndithathe umfanekiso wekhusi kwindlela esele iqwalaselwe, apho amagama ohluka kwengagqibekanga):

Kweli nqanaba ungakhuphela winbox, qhagamshela kwi-RouterOS usebenzisa idilesi ye-MAC kwaye wenze uqwalaselo olongezelelweyo nge-GUI.

Ndicinga ukuba uqwalaselo oluneenkcukacha lwe-RouterOS lungaphaya kwemida yeli nqaku, ngakumbi kuba zininzi iincwadi kwi-Intanethi, ke ndicebisa ukuba uqale wenze uSeto oluKhawulezileyo oluqhelekileyo:

Unokuqhagamshela intambo ye-Intanethi kwi-port yasimahla kwaye utshintshe umxhasi we-LAN ukufumana ngokuzenzekelayo idilesi ye-IP, kwaye ujonge nokusebenza kwe-Wi-Fi. Emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into iyasebenza, ungathenga kwaye ufake iqhosha lelayisenisi ye-RouterOS.

Ukongeza iLinux VM

Ukusebenza kwindawo eqhelekileyo ngakumbi, masenze omnye umatshini wenyani apho siya kuphehlelela owuthandayo %distro_name%

Ukhuphele umfanekiso we-ISO kwaye uwufake isos

Yiya kwi-VMs ithebhu esele iqhelekile, emva koko Yongeza i-VM, uninzi lweseto ngoku inokushiywa njengendalo.

• BIOS SeaBIOS
• Kwi-OS Faka into ye-ISO, khetha umfanekiso okhutshelweyo
• Primary vDisk Ubungakanani - into malunga 10-20 GB
• Isabelo esingahlanjwanga - indlela eya kulawulo ofuna ukulwenza lufumaneke kwi-VM, kwimeko yam /mnt/user/shared/
• Ithegi yeMount engahlalwanga shared
• Ibhulorho yeNethiwekhi - br0
• Okwangoku, sukukhangela Qala i-VM emva kokudala kwaye ucofe Yenza

Sisahlela izicwangciso zeseva yeVNC kuqwalaselo:

<graphics type='vnc' port='5901' autoport='no' websocket='5701' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'>
 <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
</graphics>

Faka inkqubo, kufuneka ifumane i-IP nge-DHCP kwaye inokufikelela kwi-Intanethi.

Ukwenza uluhlu lweFS lufumaneke kumamkeli, yongeza ku /etc/fstab lo mgca ulandelayo:

shared  /mnt/shared     9p      trans=virtio,version=9p2000.L 0 0

Ngoku ungasebenzisa iinkonzo eziqhelekileyo kumatshini oqhelekileyo weLinux, oya kuphatheka ngokulula kwezinye iihardware!

Ukuba yonke into isebenza kakuhle kwaye ivula kwaye icime ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko ungathenga kwaye ufake isitshixo se-unRAID. Ungalibali ukuba ibotshelelwe kwi-GUID ye-flash drive (nangona inokudluliselwa). Kwakhona, ngaphandle kwelayisensi, ukuqaliswa kweVM okuzenzekelayo akuyi kusebenza.

Gqibela

Enkosi ngokufunda kude kube sekupheleni!

Ndizamile ukungabhali kakhulu, kodwa kuye kwabonakala kulide kakhulu kuluvo lwam. Iimpawu eziseleyo ze-unRAID zilula kakhulu ukuyiqwalasela kwimbono yam, ngakumbi kuba yonke into iqwalaselwe ngemouse.

Kukho iimbono ezilungileyo malunga noko kunokufakwa kwi-VM apha. Ndicinga ukuba wonke umntu unezidingo zakhe kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuza noluhlu lwendalo yonke. Nangona, i-pi.hole, ewe, inokucetyiswa kuye wonke umntu ngokupheleleyo :)

Ndiyathemba ukuba ndinokwaneleyo ukuqhubeka!

umthombo: www.habr.com