I-NB-IoT: isebenza njani? Icandelo 3: SCEF - ifestile enye yokufikelela kwiinkonzo zabaqhubi

Kwinqaku "I-NB-IoT: isebenza njani? Icandelo lesi-2", sithetha malunga noyilo lwe-packet core yenethiwekhi ye-NB-IoT, sikhankanye ukubonakala kwe-node entsha ye-SCEF. Sichaza kwinxalenye yesithathu ukuba yintoni kwaye kutheni ifuneka?

Xa usenza inkonzo ye-M2M, abaphuhlisi besicelo bajongana nale mibuzo ilandelayo:

• indlela yokuchonga izixhobo;
• yeyiphi i-algorithm yokuqinisekisa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa;
• yeyiphi iprothokholi yothutho yokukhetha ukusebenzisana nezixhobo;
• indlela yokuhambisa idatha ngokuthembekileyo kwizixhobo;
• indlela yokulungelelanisa kunye nokuseka imithetho yokutshintshiselana ngedatha kunye nabo;
• indlela yokubeka iliso kunye nokufumana ulwazi malunga nemeko yabo kwi-intanethi;
• indlela yokuhambisa idatha ngaxeshanye kwiqela lezixhobo zakho;
• Ukuthumela njani idatha ngaxeshanye ukusuka kwisixhobo esinye ukuya kubaxhasi abaninzi;
• indlela yokufumana ufikelelo olumanyeneyo kwiinkonzo zabasebenzisi ezongezelelweyo zokulawula isixhobo sakho.

Ukuyicombulula, kuyimfuneko ukudala izisombululo zezobuchwepheshe "ezinzima", ezikhokelela ekunyuseni kweendleko zabasebenzi kunye neenkonzo zexesha lokuya kwimarike. Kulapho i-node entsha ye-SCEF isiza khona.

Njengoko kuchazwe yi-3GPP, i-SCEF (umsebenzi wokuvezwa kobuchule benkonzo) yinxalenye entsha ngokupheleleyo ye-architecture ye-3GPP umsebenzi wayo kukubhenca ngokukhuselekileyo iinkonzo kunye nobuchule obubonelelwa yi-3GPP i-interfaces yenethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa ii-APIs.

Ngamagama alula, i-SCEF ngumlamli phakathi kwenethiwekhi kunye neseva yesicelo (AS), ifestile enye yokufikelela kwiinkonzo zabaqhubi ukulawula isixhobo sakho se-M2M kwinethiwekhi ye-NB-IoT ngokusebenzisa ujongano olubonakalayo, olusemgangathweni lwe-API.

I-SCEF ifihla ukuntsokotha komsebenzi womnatha womsebenzi, ivumela abaphuhlisi besicelo ukuba bakhuphe izinto ezintsonkothileyo, ezingqale kwisixhobo sokusebenzisana nezixhobo.

Ngokuguqula iiprotocol zenethiwekhi zibe yi-API eqhelekileyo kubaphuhlisi bezicelo, i-SCEF API iququzelela ukudalwa kweenkonzo ezintsha kwaye inciphisa ixesha lokuya kwintengiso. I-node entsha iquka imisebenzi yokuchonga / yokuqinisekisa izixhobo zeselula, ichaza imigaqo yokutshintshiselana kwedatha phakathi kwesixhobo kunye ne-AS, ukususa imfuno yabaphuhlisi besicelo ukuphumeza le misebenzi kwicala labo, ukuguqula le misebenzi kumagxa omqhubi.

I-SCEF ihlanganisa i-interfaces eyimfuneko yokuqinisekiswa kunye nokugunyaziswa kweeseva zesicelo, ukugcina ukuhamba kwe-UE, ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunye nokuxhokonxa isixhobo, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezongezelelweyo kunye nezakhono zenethiwekhi yomsebenzisi.

Ukuya kwi-AS kukho ujongano olulodwa lwe-T8, i-API (HTTP/JSON) esemgangathweni yi-3GPP. Zonke ii-interfaces, ngaphandle kwe-T8, zisebenza ngokusekelwe kwiprotocol ye-DIAMETER (Umfanekiso 1).

T6a – ujongano phakathi kweSCEF neMME. Isetyenziselwa ukuMobility / iinkqubo zolawulo lweSeshini, ukuhanjiswa kwedatha engeyiyo ye-IP, ukubonelela ngeziganeko zokubeka iliso kunye nokufumana iingxelo kuzo.

I-S6t – ujongano phakathi kwe-SCEF kunye ne-HSS. Kufunwa ukuqinisekiswa kwababhalisi, ukugunyaziswa kweeseva zesicelo, ukufumana indibaniselwano ye-ID yangaphandle kunye ne-IMSI/MSISDN, ukubonelela ngeziganeko zokubeka iliso kunye nokufumana iingxelo kubo.

I-S6m / T4 - i-interfaces ukusuka kwi-SCEF ukuya kwi-HSS kunye ne-SMS-C (i-3GPP ichaza i-node ye-MTC-IWF, esetyenziselwa ukuqalisa isixhobo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-SMS kwiinethiwekhi ze-NB-IoT. I-SCEF, ngoko ukwenza lula isekethe, asiyi kuyiqwalasela ngokwahlukileyo). Isetyenziselwa ukufumana ulwazi lwendlela yokuthumela iSMS kunye nokusebenzisana neziko leSMS.

T8 -I-API interface ye-SCEF yokusebenzisana kunye neeseva zesicelo. Yomibini imiyalelo yolawulo kunye netrafikhi zihanjiswa ngolujongano.

*enyanisweni kukho ujongano oluninzi; kuphela ezona zisisiseko zidweliswe apha. Uluhlu olupheleleyo lunikezelwa kwi-3GPP 23.682 (4.3.2 Uluhlu lweeNgcaciso zeNgcaciso).

Ngezantsi yimisebenzi ephambili kunye neenkonzo ze-SCEF:

• ukudibanisa i-ID yeSIM khadi (IMSI) kwi-ID yangaphandle;
• ukuhanjiswa kwe-non-IP traffic (Non-IP Data Delivery, NIDD);
• imisebenzi yeqela kusetyenziswa i-ID yeqela langaphandle;
• inkxaso yemowudi yothumelo lwedatha kunye nesiqinisekiso;
• ukugcinwa kwedatha ye-MO (Mobile Originated) kunye ne-MT (iMobile iphelile);
• ukuqinisekiswa kunye nokugunyaziswa kwezixhobo kunye neeseva zesicelo;
• ukusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye kwedatha evela kwi-UE enye ngee-AS ezininzi;
• inkxaso yemisebenzi ekhethekileyo yokubeka iliso kubume be-UE (MONTE – Monitoring Events);
• ukuxhokonxa isixhobo;
• ibonelela non-IP data ekuzulazuleni.

Umgaqo osisiseko wokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-AS kunye ne-SCEF isekelwe kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo. imirhumo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufumana ukufikelela kuyo nayiphi na inkonzo ye-SCEF ye-UE ethile, umncedisi wesicelo kufuneka enze umrhumo ngokuthumela umyalelo kwi-API ethile yenkonzo eceliwe kwaye ufumane i-identifier ekhethekileyo ekuphenduleni. Emva koko zonke ezinye izenzo kunye nonxibelelwano kunye ne-UE ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sale nkonzo ziya kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa esi sichongi.

Isazisi sangaphandle: Isichongi sesixhobo sehlabathi

Olunye lolona tshintsho lubalulekileyo kwisikimu sokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-AS kunye nezixhobo xa usebenza nge-SCEF kukubonakala kwesazisi sehlabathi. Ngoku, endaweni yenombolo yefowuni (i-MSISDN) okanye idilesi ye-IP, njengoko kwakunjalo kwinethiwekhi ye-2G / 3G / LTE yakudala, isazisi sesixhobo somncedisi wesicelo siba "i-ID yangaphandle". Ichazwa ngumgangatho kwifomati eqhelekileyo kubaphuhlisi besicelo " @ "

Abaphuhlisi akusekho mfuneko yokuba baphumeze ii-algorithms zokuqinisekisa isixhobo; inethiwekhi ithatha ngokupheleleyo kulo msebenzi. I-ID yangaphandle iboshwe kwi-IMSI, kwaye umphuhlisi unokuqiniseka ukuba xa ufikelela kwi-ID ethile yangaphandle, isebenzisana ne-SIM khadi ethile. Xa usebenzisa i-SIM chip, ufumana imeko eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo xa i-ID yangaphandle ichonga isixhobo esithile!

Ngaphezu koko, ii-ID ezininzi zangaphandle zinokudityaniswa kwi-IMSI enye - imeko enomdla ngakumbi ivela xa i-ID yangaphandle ichonga ngokukodwa isicelo esinoxanduva lwenkonzo ethile kwisixhobo esithile.

Isazisi seqela sikwavela - i-ID yeqela langaphandle, elibandakanya iseti yee-ID zangaphandle. Ngoku, ngesicelo esinye kwi-SCEF, i-AS inokuqalisa ukusebenza kweqela - ukuthumela idatha okanye imiyalelo yokulawula kwizixhobo ezininzi ezidityaniswe kwiqela elinye elinengqiqo.

Ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba kubaphuhlisi be-AS inguqu kwisichongi sesixhobo esitsha ayinakwenzeka ngoko nangoko, i-SCEF ishiye ukuba nokwenzeka konxibelelwano lwe-AS kunye ne-UE ngenombolo eqhelekileyo - MSISDN.

Ugqithiso lwe-non-IP traffic (Non-IP Data Delivery, NIDD)

Kwi-NB-IoT, njengenxalenye yokulungiswa kweendlela zokuhambisa amanani amancinci edatha, ukongeza kwiintlobo zePDN esele zikhona, ezifana ne-IPv4, IPv6 kunye ne-IPv4v6, olunye uhlobo luye lwavela - olungeyiyo i-IP. Kule meko, ifowuni (UE) ayinikwanga idilesi ye-IP kwaye idatha idluliswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iprotocol ye-IP. I-Traffic yoqhagamshelwano olunjalo inokuhamba ngeendlela ezimbini: yakudala - MME -> SGW -> PGW kwaye emva koko ngetonela ye-PtP ukuya ku-AS (Fig. 2) okanye usebenzisa i-SCEF (Fig. 3).

Indlela yeklasiki ayinikezeli nayiphi na inzuzo ekhethekileyo kwi-traffic ye-IP, ngaphandle kokunciphisa ubungakanani beepakethi ezigqithisiweyo ngenxa yokungabikho kweentloko ze-IP. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-SCEF kuvula inani lamathuba amatsha kwaye kwenza lula kakhulu iinkqubo zokusebenzisana nezixhobo.

Xa uthumela idatha nge-SCEF, iingenelo ezimbini ezibaluleke kakhulu zivela ngaphezulu kwetrafikhi ye-IP yakudala:


Ukuhanjiswa kwetrafikhi yeMT kwisixhobo nge-ID yangaphandle

Ukuthumela umyalezo kwisixhobo se-IP sakudala, i-AS kufuneka iyazi idilesi yayo ye-IP. Nantsi ingxaki ivela: ekubeni isixhobo sihlala sifumana idilesi ye-IP "engwevu" xa kubhaliswa, inxibelelana neseva yesicelo, efumaneka kwi-Intanethi, nge-node ye-NAT, apho idilesi engwevu iguqulelwa kumhlophe. Indibaniselwano yeedilesi ze-IP ezingwevu namhlophe zihlala ixesha elithile, kuxhomekeke kwizicwangciso ze-NAT. Ngokomyinge, kwi-TCP okanye kwi-UDP - akukho ngaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu. Okokuthi, ukuba akukho tshintshiselwano lwedatha kunye nesi sixhobo ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-5, uxhulumaniso luya kutshatyalaliswa kwaye isixhobo asiyi kuphinda sifumaneke kwidilesi emhlophe apho iseshoni kunye ne-AS yaqalwa. Kukho izisombululo ezininzi:

1. Sebenzisa ukubetha kwentliziyo. Nje ukuba uqhagamshelo lusekiwe, isixhobo kufuneka sitshintshiselane ngeepakethi kunye ne-AS rhoqo ngemizuzu embalwa, ngaloo ndlela sithintela iinguqulelo zeNAT ekuvaleni. Kodwa akunakuthetha ngayo nayiphi na indlela yokusebenza kwamandla apha.

2. Ngalo lonke ixesha, ukuba kuyimfuneko, khangela ukufumaneka kweepakethe zesixhobo kwi-AS - thumela umyalezo kwi-uplink.

3. Yenza i-APN yangasese (i-VRF), apho umncedisi wesicelo kunye nezixhobo ziya kuba kwi-subnet efanayo, kwaye unikeze iidilesi ze-IP ezizinzileyo kwizixhobo. Iya kusebenza, kodwa iphantse ingenzeki xa sithetha ngeenqanawa zamawaka, amashumi amawaka ezixhobo.

4. Okokugqibela, eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo: sebenzisa i-IPv6 ayifuni NAT, kuba iidilesi ze-IPv6 zifikeleleka ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, nakule meko, xa isixhobo sibhaliswa kwakhona, siya kufumana idilesi entsha ye-IPv6 kwaye ayisayi kuphinda ifumaneke kusetyenziswa yangaphambili.

Ngokufanelekileyo, kuyafuneka ukuthumela ipakethe yokuqalisa enesichongi sesixhobo kwiseva ukuze uxele idilesi ye-IP entsha yesixhobo. Emva koko ulinde ipakethe yokuqinisekisa evela kwi-AS, echaphazela nokusebenza kwamandla.

Ezi ndlela zisebenza kakuhle kwi-2G / 3G / LTE izixhobo, apho isixhobo singenazo iimfuno eziqinileyo zokuzimela kwaye, ngenxa yoko, akukho zithintelo kwi-airtime kunye ne-traffic. Ezi ndlela azifanelekanga kwi-NB-IoT ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu.

I-SCEF isombulula le ngxaki: ekubeni isazisi sesixhobo kuphela se-AS yi-ID yangaphandle, i-AS idinga kuphela ukuthumela ipakethe yedatha kwi-SCEF kwi-ID ethile yangaphandle, kwaye i-SCEF inyamekela abanye. Kwimeko apho isixhobo sikwimowudi ye-PSM okanye ye-eDRX yokonga umbane, idatha iya kugcinwa ibuffer kwaye ihanjiswe xa isixhobo sifumaneka. Ukuba isixhobo siyafumaneka kwitrafikhi, idatha iya kuhanjiswa kwangoko. Kukwanjalo nakumaqela olawulo.

Ngalo naliphi na ixesha, i-AS inokukhumbula umyalezo ofihliweyo kwi-UE okanye ibuyisele omnye omtsha.

Indlela yokuthintela inokusetyenziswa kwakhona xa uhambisa idatha ye-MO ukusuka kwi-UE ukuya kwi-AS. Ukuba i-SCEF ayikwazanga ukuhambisa idatha kwi-AS ngokukhawuleza, umzekelo ukuba umsebenzi wokulondoloza uyaqhubeka kwiiseva ze-AS, ezi pakethi ziya kugcinwa kwaye ziqinisekiswe ukuba zihanjiswe ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-AS ifumaneke.

Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, ukufikelela kwinkonzo ethile kunye ne-UE ye-AS (kwaye i-NIDD yinkonzo) ilawulwa yimithetho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo kwicala le-SCEF, elivumela ithuba elikhethekileyo lokusetyenziswa kwedatha ngaxeshanye kwi-UE enye ngee-AS ezininzi. Ezo. ukuba uninzi lwe-AS lubhalise kwi-UE enye, emva kokufumana idatha evela kwi-UE, i-SCEF iya kuyithumela kubo bonke ababhalisileyo be-AS. Oku kufanelekile kwiimeko apho umenzi weqela lezixhobo ezikhethekileyo abelana ngedatha phakathi kwabathengi abaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, ngokudala inethiwekhi yezitishi zemozulu ezisebenza kwi-NB-IoT, unokuthengisa idatha kubo kwiinkonzo ezininzi ngaxeshanye.

Indlela yokuhanjiswa komyalezo oqinisekisiweyo

INkonzo yeDatha ethembekileyo yindlela yokuhanjiswa okuqinisekisiweyo kwe-MO kunye ne-MT imiyalezo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwe-algorithms ekhethekileyo kwinqanaba leprotocol, njengokuba, umzekelo, ukuxhawula isandla kwi-TCP. Isebenza ngokubandakanya iflegi ekhethekileyo kwinxalenye yenkonzo yomyalezo xa utshintshwa phakathi kwe-UE kunye ne-SCEF. Ukuba ngaba le ndlela yokusebenza okanye hayi xa uhambisa itrafikhi kugqitywe yi-AS.

Ukuba umatshini uyasebenza, i-UE ibandakanya iflegi ekhethekileyo kwindawo ephezulu yepakethi xa ifuna ukuhanjiswa okuqinisekisiweyo kwe-MO traffic. Emva kokufumana ipakethi enjalo, i-SCEF iphendula kwi-UE ngokuvuma. Ukuba i-UE ayiyifumani ipakethe yokuvuma, ipakethi eya kwi-SCEF iya kuthunyelwa kwakhona. Kwenzeka into efanayo nakwitrafikhi yeMT.

Ukujongwa kwesixhobo (iziganeko zokubeka iliso - MONTE)

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukusebenza kwe-SCEF, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubandakanya imisebenzi yokubeka iliso kwimeko ye-UE, ebizwa ngokuba. esweni isixhobo. Kwaye ukuba izichasi ezitsha kunye neendlela zokudluliswa kwedatha zilungelelaniso (nangona zinzulu kakhulu) iinkqubo ezikhoyo, ngoko i-MONTE ngumsebenzi omtsha ngokupheleleyo ongafumanekiyo kwiinethiwekhi ze-2G / 3G / LTE. I-MONTE ivumela i-AS ukuba ibeke iliso kwiiparamitha zesixhobo ezifana nesimo soqhagamshelwano, ukufumaneka konxibelelwano, indawo, isimo sokuzulazula, njl. Siza kuthetha malunga ngamnye ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi kamva.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba kusebenze nasiphi na isiganeko esweni isixhobo okanye iqela lezixhobo, i AS ubhalisa kwinkonzo ehambelanayo ngokuthumela ehambelanayo API MONTE umyalelo SCEF, ebandakanya parameters ezifana Id yangaphandle okanye iqela langaphandle ID, AS isazisi, esweni. uhlobo, inani leengxelo, apho i-AS ifuna ukuyifumana. Ukuba i-AS igunyazisiwe ukwenza isicelo, i-SCEF, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, iya kubonelela ngesiganeko kwi-HSS okanye kwi-MME (Fig. 4). Xa isiganeko sisenzeka, i-MME okanye i-HSS yenza ingxelo kwi-SCEF, eyithumela kwi-AS.

Ubonelelo lwayo yonke imisitho, ngaphandle “kwenani lee-UE ezikhoyo kwindawo yejografi”, lwenzeka nge-HSS. Imisitho emibini "Utshintsho lwe-IMSI-IMEI Association" kunye "neSimo sokuzulazula" zilandelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-HSS, ezinye ziya kubonelelwa yi-HSS kwi-MME.
Imisitho inokuba yeyexesha elinye okanye ngamaxesha athile, kwaye imiselwa ngohlobo lwazo.

Ukuthumela ingxelo malunga nesiganeko (ukunika ingxelo) kuqhutyelwa yi-node elandelela isiganeko ngqo kwi-SCEF (umzobo 5).

I ngongoma ebalulekileyo: Iziganeko zokubeka iliso zingasetyenziswa kuzo zombini izixhobo ezingezizo ze-IP eziqhagamshelwe nge-SCEF kunye nezixhobo ze-IP ezithumela idatha ngendlela yakudala nge-MME-SGW-PGW.

Masijonge ngakumbi kwisiganeko ngasinye sokubeka iliso:

Ukulahleka koqhagamshelwano - ikwazisa i-AS ukuba i-UE ayisafumaneki nokuba yeyiphi idatha yetrafikhi okanye umqondiso. Isiganeko senzeka xa “imobile yokufikelela isibali-xesha” ye-UE iphela kwi-MME. Kwisicelo solu hlobo lokubeka iliso, i-AS ingabonisa ixabiso layo elithi "Ixesha eliphezulu lokuFumana" - ukuba ngeli xesha i-UE ayibonisi nawuphi na umsebenzi, i-AS iya kwaziswa ukuba i-UE ayifumaneki, ebonisa isizathu. Isiganeko siyenzeka ukuba i-UE isuswe ngenkani yinethiwekhi nangasiphi na isizathu.

* Ukwazisa uthungelwano ukuba isixhobo sisafumaneka, ngamaxesha athile siqalisa inkqubo yohlaziyo-Uhlaziyo lweNdawo yokuKhangela (TAU). Ukuphindaphinda kwale nkqubo kusetwa yi-network usebenzisa i-timer T3412 okanye (T3412_extended kwimeko ye-PSM), ixabiso elidluliselwa kwisixhobo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-Attach okanye i-TAU elandelayo. Isibali-xesha sokufikelela kwiselula siqhele ukuba yimizuzu emininzi ubude kune-T3412. Ukuba i-UE ayizange yenze i-TAU ngaphambi kokuphelelwa kwexesha "kweMobile accessability timer", uthungelwano luyijonga njengengenakufikeleleka.

Ukufikeleleka kwe-UE -Ibonisa xa i-UE ifumaneka kwi-DL yetrafikhi okanye iSMS. Oku kwenzeka xa i-UE ifumaneka kwi-paging (ye-UE kwimo ye-eDRX) okanye xa i-UE ingena kwimo ye-ECM-CONNECTED (kwi-UE kwi-PSM okanye imo ye-eDRX), oko kukuthi. yenza i-TAU okanye ithumele ipakethe ye-uplink.

Ingxelo yendawo – Olu hlobo lweziganeko zokubeka iliso luvumela i-AS ukuba ibuze indawo ye-UE. Nokuba indawo yangoku (iNdawo yangoku) okanye indawo yokugqibela eyaziwayo (Imiselwe yi-ID yeseli apho isixhobo senza i-TAU okanye i-traffic edluliselwe kwixesha lokugqibela) inokucelwa, ehambelana nezixhobo ezikwi-PSM okanye iindlela zokonga amandla e-eDRX. Kuba "Indawo yangoku", i-AS inokucela iimpendulo eziphindaphindiweyo, kunye ne-MME eyazisa i-AS ngexesha ngalinye indawo yesixhobo itshintsha.

Utshintsho lwe-IMSI-IMEI Association Xa lo mnyhadala uvuliwe, i-SCEF iqala ukubeka esweni utshintsho kwindibaniselwano ye-IMSI (isazisi sekhadi leSIM) kunye ne-IMEI (isazisi sesixhobo). Xa isiganeko sisenzeka, yazisa u-AS. Ingasetyenziselwa ukubophelela ngokuzenzekelayo i-ID yangaphandle kwisixhobo ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo lokutshintshwa komsebenzi okanye isebenze njengesazisi sokubiwa kwesixhobo.

Ubume bokuzulazula – olu hlobo lokubeka iliso lusetyenziswa yi-AS ukufumanisa ukuba i-UE ikwinethiwekhi yasekhaya okanye ikwinethiwekhi yeqabane elizulazulayo. Ngokuzithandela, i-PLMN (Inethiwekhi yoMhlaba kaWonkewonke) yomsebenzisi apho isixhobo sibhaliswe khona sinokusasazwa.

Ukungaphumeleli konxibelelwano — Olu hlobo lokubeka iliso lukwazisa i-AS malunga nokungaphumeleli kunxibelelwano kunye nesixhobo, ngokusekelwe kwizizathu zokulahleka koxhumo (ikhowudi yokukhutshwa kwesizathu) efunyenwe kwinethiwekhi yokufikelela kwirediyo (i-S1-AP protocol). Esi siganeko sinokunceda ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni unxibelelwano lusilele - ngenxa yeengxaki kuthungelwano, umzekelo, xa i-eNodeb igcwele kakhulu (izixhobo zerediyo azifumaneki) okanye ngenxa yokusilela kwesixhobo ngokwaso (uQhagamshelwano lweRadio nge-UE Lost).

Ukufumaneka emva kokusilela kweDDN - esi siganeko sazisa i-AS ukuba isixhobo siye safumaneka emva kokungaphumeleli konxibelelwano. Inokusetyenziswa xa kukho imfuneko yokudlulisa idatha kwisixhobo, kodwa inzame yangaphambili ayizange iphumelele ngenxa yokuba i-UE ayizange iphendule kwisaziso esivela kwinethiwekhi (paging) kwaye idatha ayizange ihanjiswe. Ukuba olu hlobo lokubeka iliso luceliwe kwi-UE, ngoko ke ngokukhawuleza ukuba ifowuni yenze unxibelelwano olungenayo, yenza i-TAU okanye ithumele idatha kwi-uplink, i-AS iya kwaziswa ukuba isixhobo sele sikhona. Ekubeni i-DDN (i-downlink data notification) inkqubo isebenza phakathi kwe-MME kunye ne-S/P-GW, olu hlobo lokuhlola lufumaneka kuphela kwizixhobo ze-IP.

Isimo soQhagamshelwano lwePDN - ikwazisa i-AS xa isimo sesixhobo sitshintsha (i-PDN yoxhulumaniso isimo) - uxhulumaniso (ukusebenza kwe-PDN) okanye ukuqhawula (ukususwa kwe-PDN). Oku kunokusetyenziswa yi-AS ukuqalisa unxibelelwano kunye ne-UE, okanye ngokuchaseneyo, ukuqonda ukuba unxibelelwano alusekho. Olu hlobo lokubeka esweni luyafumaneka kwizixhobo ze-IP kunye ne-non-IP.

Inani leeUE ezikhoyo kwindawo yejografi – Olu hlobo lokubeka iliso lusetyenziswa yi-AS ukumisela inani le-UEs kwindawo ethile yejografi.

Isixhobo siyaqalisa)

Kwiinethiwekhi ze-2G / 3G, inkqubo yokubhalisa kwinethiwekhi yayinamanqanaba amabini: okokuqala, isixhobo esibhalisiweyo kunye ne-SGSN (inkqubo yokunamathisela), ngoko, ukuba kuyimfuneko, isebenze umxholo we-PDP - uxhulumaniso kunye nesango lepakethe (GGSN) ukuhambisa idatha. Kwiinethiwekhi ze-3G, ezi nkqubo zimbini zenzeke ngokulandelelana, okt. isixhobo asizange silinde ixesha xa sifuna ukudlulisa idatha, kodwa i-PDP isebenze ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba inkqubo yokunamathisela igqitywe. Kwi-LTE, ezi nkqubo zimbini zadityaniswa zibe nye, oko kukuthi, xa kuqhotyoshelwa, isixhobo sacela ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza koqhagamshelo lwe-PDN (i-analogous kwi-PDP kwi-2G/3G) nge-eNodeB ukuya kwi-MME-SGW-PGW.

I-NB-IoT ichaza indlela yokudibanisa ngokuthi "ncamathisela ngaphandle kwe-PDN", oko kukuthi, i-UE idibanisa ngaphandle kokuseka uxhumano lwe-PDN. Kule meko, ayifumaneki ukuhambisa i-traffic, kwaye inokufumana kuphela okanye ithumele i-SMS. Ukuze uthumele umyalelo kwisixhobo esinjalo ukuze uvule i-PDN kwaye uqhagamshele kwi-AS, "Isixhobo esibangelayo" siphuhlisiwe.

Xa ufumana umyalelo wokudibanisa i-UE enjalo kwi-AS, i-SCEF iqalisa ukuthumela i-SMS yokulawula kwisixhobo ngokusebenzisa iziko le-SMS. Xa ufumana i-SMS, ifowuni yenza i-PDN isebenze kwaye idibanise ne-AS ukufumana imiyalelo eyongezelelweyo okanye ukudlulisa idatha.

Kusenokubakho amaxesha apho ubhaliso lwesixhobo sakho luphelelwa khona kwi-SCEF. Ewe, ubhaliso lunobomi balo, lubekwe ngumqhubi okanye kuvunyelwene ne-AS. Ekupheleni kwexesha, i-PDN iya kwenziwa ingasebenzi kwi-MME kwaye isixhobo asiyi kufumaneka kwi-AS. Kule meko, "Isixhobo esibangela" ukusebenza kuya kunceda. Xa ufumana idatha entsha evela kwi-AS, i-SCEF iya kufumanisa imeko yoxhumo lwesixhobo kwaye ihambise idatha ngesiteshi seSMS.

isiphelo

Ukusebenza kwe-SCEF, ngokuqinisekileyo, akuphelelanga kwiinkonzo ezichazwe ngasentla kwaye zihlala zivela kwaye zisanda. Okwangoku, ngaphezu kweshumi elinesibini iinkonzo sele zilungelelanisiwe kwi-SCEF. Ngoku sichukumise kuphela kwimisebenzi ephambili efunwa ngabaphuhlisi; siya kuthetha malunga nabanye kumanqaku azayo.

Umbuzo uvela ngokukhawuleza: njani ukufumana ukufikelela kuvavanyo kule node "yemimangaliso" yokuvavanya kwangaphambili kunye nokulungiswa kweemeko ezinokwenzeka? Yonke into ilula kakhulu. Nawuphi na umthuthukisi angangenisa isicelo [imeyile ikhuselwe], apho kwanele ukubonisa injongo yokudibanisa, inkcazo yemeko enokwenzeka kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano lokunxibelelana.

Ndiza kukubona kungekudala!

Ababhali:

• ingcali ephezulu yesebe izisombululo convergent kunye neenkonzo multimedia Sergey Novikov sanov,
• ingcali yezisombululo eziguqukayo kunye nesebe leenkonzo zemultimedia u-Alexey Lapshin ngokukhawuleza

umthombo: www.habr.com