Kungekudala, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kushishino lweemoto kujikeleze amandla e-injini, emva koko ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ngelixa kwangaxeshanye kuphuculwe i-aerodynamics, ukwandisa amanqanaba okuthuthuzela kunye nokuyila ngokutsha inkangeleko yezithuthi. Ngoku, abaqhubi abaphambili bentshukumo yoshishino lweemoto kwixesha elizayo yi-hyperconnectivity kunye ne-automation. Xa kuziwa kwimoto yexesha elizayo, iimoto ezingaqhubi zifika kuqala engqondweni, kodwa ikamva loshishino lwezimoto liza kuphawulwa ngokungaphezulu kunobuchwephesha bokungaqhubi.
Enye yezinto eziphambili eziqhuba ukuguqulwa kweemoto kukunxibelelana kwazo - ngamanye amazwi, ukuqhagamshelwa kwazo, okuvula indlela yohlaziyo olukude, ukulungiswa kwangaphambili, ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo lokuqhuba kunye nokukhuselwa kwedatha kwiisongelo ze-cyber. Ilitye lembombo loqhagamshelo, ngokulandelayo, kukuqokelela kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha.
Ewe, ukonyuka koqhagamshelo lwemoto kwenze ukuba ukuqhuba kube mnandi ngakumbi, kodwa entliziyweni yale nto kukuqokelela, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokuveliswa kwedatha enkulu ngemoto edibeneyo. Ngokwento ebhengezwe kunyaka ophelileyo , kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, iimoto eziziqhubayo ziya kufunda ukuvelisa ulwazi oluninzi kangangokuba ukuyigcina kuya kufuna ngaphezu kwe-2 terabytes, oko kukuthi, indawo eninzi kakhulu kunangoku. Kwaye oku akusiyo umda - ngophuhliso olongezelelweyo lweteknoloji, inani liya kukhula kuphela. Ngokusekelwe kule nto, abavelisi bezixhobo kufuneka bazibuze ukuba, kule meko, banokuphendula njani ngokufanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezinxulumene nokunyuka okubalulekileyo kwedatha yedatha.
Uza kukhula njani ukwakhiwa kweemoto eziziqhubayo?
Uphuculo olongezelelekileyo kwizakhono ezifana nolawulo lwedatha yesithuthi esiziqhubayo, ukubhaqwa kwezinto, ukukhangela imephu, kunye nokwenza izigqibo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinkqubela phambili yokufunda koomatshini kunye neemodeli zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Umceli mngeni wabenzi bee-automakers ucacile: okukhona imifuziselo ephucukileyo yokufunda koomatshini iba, kokukhona amava okuqhuba angcono kubasebenzisi.
Ngexesha elifanayo, utshintsho kwizakhiwo zezithuthi ezingenabantu lwenzeka phantsi kwebhena yokuphucula. Abavelisi bayanda amathuba okuba bakhethe uthungelwano olubanzi lwee-microcontrollers ezifakelweyo kwiimfuno zesicelo ngasinye, bekhetha ukufaka iprosesa enye enkulu enamandla amakhulu ekhompyuter. Yile nguquko esuka kwii-microcontrollers ezininzi zeemoto (MCUs) ukuya kwi-MCU enye esembindini eya kuba yeyona nguqu ibalulekileyo kuyilo lwezithuthi ezizayo.
Ukudlulisa umsebenzi wokugcina idatha ukusuka kwimoto ukuya kwilifu
Idatha esuka kwiimoto eziziqhubayo ingagcinwa ngokuthe ngqo kwibhodi, ukuba ukucubungula ngokukhawuleza kuyadingeka, okanye kwifu, efanelekileyo ngakumbi kuhlalutyo olunzulu. Ukuhamba kwedatha kuxhomekeke kumsebenzi wayo: kukho idatha efunwa ngumqhubi ngokukhawuleza, umzekelo, ulwazi oluvela kwi-motion sensors okanye idatha yendawo esuka kwi-GPS system, ukongeza, ngokusekelwe kule nto, umenzi wemoto unokufikelela kwizigqibo ezibalulekileyo kwaye, ngokusekelwe. kubo, qhubeka nokusebenza ekuphuculeni inkqubo yokuncedisa umqhubi we-ADAS.
Kwindawo yokugubungela i-Wi-Fi, ukuthumela idatha kwifu kulungelelaniswa ngokwezoqoqosho kwaye kulula ngobuchule, kodwa ukuba imoto ihamba, ukhetho olukhoyo kuphela lunokuba ludibaniso lwe-4G (kwaye ekugqibeleni i-5G). Kwaye ukuba icala lobugcisa lokuhanjiswa kwedatha kwinethiwekhi yeselula ayiphakamisi imiba enzulu, ixabiso layo linokuba phezulu kakhulu. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba iimoto ezininzi eziziqhubayo ziya kufuneka zishiywe ixesha elithile kufutshane nendlu okanye kwenye indawo apho zinokuqhagamshelwa kwi-Wi-Fi. Olu lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu lokulayisha idatha kwilifu ukuze uhlalutye kunye nokugcinwa okulandelayo.
Indima ye-5G kwikamva leemoto ezixhunyiwe
Unxibelelwano lwe-4G olukhoyo luya kuqhubeka luyijelo lonxibelelwano oluphambili kwizicelo ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji ye-5G inokuba yinto ephambili yokuqhubela phambili uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lweemoto ezixhumeneyo nezizimeleyo, zibanike amandla okunxibelelana ngokukhawuleza omnye komnye, kunye nezakhiwo kunye neziseko zophuhliso. (V2V, V2I, V2X).
Iimoto ezizimeleyo azikwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle koxhumo lwenethiwekhi, kwaye i-5G iyisitshixo sokuxhuma ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa i-latency ukwenzela inzuzo yabaqhubi bexesha elizayo. Izantya zokuxhuma ngokukhawuleza ziya kunciphisa ixesha elithathayo ukuba isithuthi siqokelele idatha, sivumela isithuthi ukuba siphendule ngokukhawuleza kwiinguqu zequbuliso kwi-traffic okanye kwiimeko zemozulu. Ukufika kwe-5G kuya kuphawula inkqubela phambili ekuphuhlisweni kweenkonzo zedijithali kumqhubi kunye nabakhweli, abaya kunandipha uhambo olumnandi ngakumbi, kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, baya kwandisa inzuzo enokubakho kubaboneleli bezi nkonzo.
Ukhuseleko lwedatha: sisezandleni zikabani isitshixo?
Kucacile ukuba izithuthi ezizimeleyo kufuneka zikhuselwe ngamanyathelo okhuseleko lwamva nje lwe-cybersecurity. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwenye , I-84% yobunjineli beemoto kunye nabaphenduli be-IT babonise inkxalabo yokuba i-automakers ibuyela emva ekuphenduleni kwiisongelo ze-cyber ezikhulayo.
Ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo bomthengi kunye neenkcukacha zabo zobuqu, onke amacandelo eemoto eziqhagamshelweyo - ukusuka kwi-hardware kunye nesoftware ngaphakathi kwemoto ngokwayo ukuya kuqhagamshelo kwinethiwekhi kunye nelifu - kufuneka ziqinisekise inqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko. Ngezantsi kukho imilinganiselo yokunceda abenzi beemoto baqinisekise ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha esetyenziswa ziimoto eziziqhubayo.
- Ukukhuselwa kweCryptographic kuthintela ukufikelela kwidatha efihliweyo kwisangqa esithile sabantu abawaziyo "isitshixo" esisebenzayo.
- Ukuphela kokukhusela ukhuseleko kubandakanya ukuphumeza isethi yamanyathelo okubona umzamo wokukhwabanisa kwindawo yonke yokungena kumgca wokudlulisa idatha - ukusuka kwi-microsensors ukuya kwi-5G yonxibelelwano.
- Ukunyaniseka kwedatha eqokelelweyo yinto ebalulekileyo kwaye ithetha ukuba ulwazi olufunyenwe kwizithuthi lugcinwa lungatshintshi de luqhutywe kwaye luguqulelwe kwidatha yemveliso enentsingiselo. Ukuba idatha eguquliweyo iyonakala, oku kwenza kube lula ukufikelela kwidatha ekrwada kwaye iphinde iyisebenze.
Ukubaluleka kwesicwangciso B
Ukwenza yonke imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-mission, inkqubo yokugcina indawo yesithuthi kufuneka isebenze ngokuthembekileyo. Kodwa abenzi beemoto banokuqinisekisa njani ukuba ezi njongo ziyafezekiswa ukuba inkqubo iyasilela? Enye indlela yokuthintela iziganeko xa kukho ukusilela kwenkqubo kukwenza ikopi yogcino lwedatha kwinkqubo yokucutshungulwa kwedatha engafunekiyo, nangona kunjalo, olu khetho lubiza kakhulu ukuphumeza.
Ke ngoko, ezinye iinjineli zithathe indlela eyahlukileyo: zisebenza ekudaleni iisistim zogcino lwamacandelo omatshini ngamnye abandakanyekayo ekuboneleleni ngemowudi yokuqhuba engaqhutywanga mntu, ngakumbi iziqhoboshi, ukuqhubela phambili, izinzwa kunye neetshiphusi zekhompyuter. Ngaloo ndlela, inkqubo yesibini ibonakala kwimoto, leyo, ngaphandle kokugcinwa okunyanzelekileyo kwayo yonke idatha egcinwe emotweni, xa kukho ukusilela kwesixhobo esibalulekileyo, inokumisa ngokukhuselekileyo imoto ecaleni kwendlela. Ekubeni ingeyiyo yonke imisebenzi ebaluleke ngokwenene (kwimeko engxamisekileyo ongayenza ngaphandle, umzekelo, umoya womoya okanye unomathotholo), le ndlela, kwelinye icala, ayifuni ukudalwa kokugcinwa kwedatha engabalulekanga, oku kuthetha ukuba. iindleko ezincitshisiweyo, kwaye, kwelinye icala, yonke isabonelela nge-inshurensi kwimeko yokusilela kwenkqubo.
Njengoko iprojekthi yezithuthi ezizimeleyo iqhubela phambili, yonke inguqu yezothutho iya kwakhiwa malunga nedatha. Ngokulungelelanisa i-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini ukuze kuqhutywe izixa ezikhulu zedatha ezixhomekeke kuzo izithuthi ezizimeleyo, kunye nokuphumeza amaqhinga aqinileyo kwaye asebenzayo ukuzigcina zikhuselekile kwaye zikhuselwe kwizisongelo zangaphandle, abavelisi baya kuthi ngaxa lithile babe nako ukuphuhlisa imoto ekhuselekileyo ngokwaneleyo qhuba ezindleleni iindlela zedijithali zexesha elizayo.
umthombo: www.habr.com