I-Netplan kunye nendlela yokuyilungisa ngokuchanekileyo

Ubuntu inkqubo yokusebenza emangalisayo, andikaze ndisebenze nayo ixesha elide Ubuntu iseva, kunye nokuhlaziya iDesktop yam ukusuka kwinguqulelo ezinzileyo bekungathethi nto. Ngoko ke, kungekudala, kwafuneka ndijongane nokukhululwa okutsha kraca. Ubuntu Kwi-server 18.04, ndamangaliswa kakhulu xa ndaqonda ukuba ndisemva kakhulu kwixesha kwaye andikwazanga ukumisela inethiwekhi yam kuba inkqubo endala yokumisela ii-interfaces zenethiwekhi ngokuhlela ifayile ye-/etc/network/interfaces yayinyamalele. Yintoni eyathatha indawo yayo? Into eyoyikisayo, kwaye, xa uyijonga okokuqala, engaqondakaliyo ngokupheleleyo—dibana ne-"Netplan."

Ukuthetha inyani, ekuqaleni bendingaqondi ukuba yintoni isivumelwano kunye "nokuba kutheni kwakuyimfuneko, emva kwayo yonke into yayilula kangaka," kodwa emva kokuziqhelanisa kancinci ndaqonda ukuba yayinomtsalane wayo. Ngoko ke, kwanele ukuthetha ngengoma, masiqhubeke nokuba yintoni iNetplan. Le yindlela entsha yokumisela inethiwekhi kwi Ubuntu, ubuncinci "Andikaze ndidibane nento efana nale kwezinye iindawo zokusasazwa." Umahluko omkhulu ngeNetplan kukuba uqwalaselo lubhalwe ngolwimi YAML, ewe, uve ngokufanelekileyo i-YAML, abaphuhlisi bagqibe kwelokuba bahambisane namaxesha (kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba bayincoma kangakanani, ndicinga ukuba lulwimi olubi). Eyona nto ingalunganga yolu lwimi kukuba lunovakalelo kakhulu kwizithuba, makhe sijonge uqwalaselo usebenzisa umzekelo.

Iifayile zoqwalaselo zibekwe ecaleni kwendlela /etc/netplan/filename.yaml, phakathi kwebhloko nganye kufuneka kubekho + 2 izithuba.

1) Isihloko esisezantsi sijongeka ngolu hlobo:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no

Makhe sijonge into esiyenzileyo ngoku:

• inethiwekhi: - esi sisiqalo sebhloko yoqwalaselo.
• umnikezeli: inethwekhi - apha sibonisa umphathi wothungelwano esiza kusebenzisa, oku mhlawumbi kunenethiwekhi okanye NetworkManager
• inguqulo: 2 - apha, njengoko ndiyiqonda, yinguqulelo yeYAML.
• i-ethernets: - le block ibonisa ukuba siza kumisela i-ethernet protocol.
• enps0f0: — bonisa ukuba yeyiphi iadaptha yenethiwekhi esiya kuyiqwalasela.
• dhcp4: hayi - khubaza i-DHCP v4, ye-6 v6 dhcp6 ngokulandelelanayo

2) Makhe sizame ukwabela iidilesi ze-IP:

    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no
      macaddress: bb:11:13:ab:ff:32
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24, 10.10.10.3/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: 8.8.8.8

Apha siseta i-poppy, ipv4, isango kunye neseva ye-dns. Qaphela ukuba ukuba sifuna ngaphezu kwedilesi ye-IP enye, ngoko sizibhala zahlulwe ngeekoma kunye nesithuba esisinyanzelo emva koko.

3) Kuthekani ukuba sifuna ukudibana?

  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1

• iibhondi: - ibhloko echaza ukuba siya kuqwalasela ukudibanisa.
• bond0: - igama lojongano olungenasizathu.
• ujongano: - iseti yojongano oluqokelelwe kwibhondi-ding, "njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuba kukho iiparamitha ezininzi, sizichaza kwizibiyeli ezisikwere."
• parameters: — chaza ibhloko yesethingi yeparamitha
• Imowudi: — khankanya indlela apho ukudibanisa kuya kusebenza.
• mii-monitor-interval: — seta isithuba sokubeka iliso sibe yisekhondi enye.

Ngaphakathi kwebhloko ebizwa ngokuba yibhondi, ungaqwalasela iiparameters ezinjengeedilesi, isango4, iindlela, njl.

Songeze ukungafuneki kwinethiwekhi yethu, ngoku okuseleyo kukufaka wam kwaye ukuseta kungathathwa njengokugqibeleleyo.

vlans: 
    vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      gateway: 10.10.10.1
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true

• vlans: — bhengeza ibhloko yoqwalaselo ye-vlan.
• vlan10: - igama elingenasizathu sojongano lwevlan.
• id: - ithegi yevlan yethu.
• ikhonkco: — ujongano apho i-vlan iza kufikeleleka.
• iindlela: — bhengeza ibhloko yenkcazo yendlela.
• — ukuya: — seta idilesi/isubnet apho indlela ifuneka khona.
• nge: — khankanya isango apho i-subnet yethu iyakufikelelwa khona.
• kwi-link: - sibonisa ukuba iindlela kufuneka zihlale zibhalisiwe xa ikhonkco liphakanyisiwe.

Nika ingqalelo kwindlela endibeka ngayo izithuba; oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-YAML.

Ke sichaze unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi, sidale ukuhlangana, kwaye songeze iivlan. Masisebenzise i-config yethu, i-netplan application command iya kukhangela i-config yethu yeempazamo kwaye isebenzise ukuba iphumelele.Okulandelayo, uqwalaselo luya kuphakanyiswa ngokwalo xa inkqubo iqalwa kwakhona.

Ukuqokelela zonke iibhloko zekhowudi zangaphambili, yile nto sinayo:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4: no
    ensp3s0f1:
      dhcp4: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1
  vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true
  vlan20:
    id: 20
    link: bond0
    dhcp4: no
    addresses: [10.10.11.2/24]
    gateway: 10.10.11.1
    nameserver:
      addresses: [8.8.8.8]
    

Ngoku inethiwekhi yethu ilungele ukusebenza, yonke into yajika ingoyiki njengoko yayibonakala ekuqaleni kwaye ikhowudi yaba yinto enhle kakhulu kwaye ifundeka. I-PC enkosi nge-netplan kukho incwadi ebalaseleyo kwikhonkco https://netplan.io/.

umthombo: www.habr.com