0. Intshayelelo, okanye i-offtopic encinciEli nqaku lazalwa kuphela kuba kunzima kakhulu ukufumana iimpawu zokuthelekisa zesoftware enjalo, okanye uluhlu nje, kwindawo enye. Kuya kufuneka sihlakulele isipha sezinto ukuze sifikelele kwisigqibo esithile.
Kule nkalo, ndagqiba ekubeni ndigcine ixesha elincinane kunye nomgudu kwabo banomdla kulo mbandela, kwaye baqokelelwa kwindawo enye ubuninzi obunokwenzeka, bufundwe kakuhle ngam, inani leenkqubo ze-network mapping'a kwindawo enye.
Ezinye zeenkqubo ezichazwe kweli nqaku ziye zazanywa ndim ngokobuqu. Ngokunokwenzeka, ezi yayiziinguqulelo eziphelelwe lixesha okwangoku. Ndibona ezinye zezi zilandelayo okokuqala, kwaye ulwazi malunga nabo luqokelelwe kuphela njengenxalenye yamalungiselelo eli nqaku.
Ngenxa yokuba ndichukumise iinkqubo ixesha elide, kwaye andizange ndichukumise ezinye zazo konke konke, andinazo iifoto-skrini okanye nayiphi na imizekelo esele. Ndiye ndaluhlaziya ulwazi lwam kuGoogle, iwiki, kwiyoutube, indawo zophuhlisi, ndemba izikrini apho, kwaye ngenxa yoko ndifumene umbono onjalo.
1. Ithiyori
1.1. Yantoni?
Ukuphendula umbuzo othi "Kutheni?" Okokuqala kufuneka uqonde ukuba yintoni "Imephu yenethiwekhi". Imephu yothungelwano - (kaninzi) umboniso ocacileyo wegraphical-schematic wonxibelelwano lwezixhobo zenethiwekhi kunye noqhagamshelo lwazo, oluchaza eyona parameters ibalulekileyo kunye neempawu. Kule mihla, isetyenziswa rhoqo kunye nokubeka iliso imeko yezixhobo kunye nenkqubo yesilumkiso. Ngoko: ngoko, ukuze ube nombono malunga nendawo yeendawo zenethiwekhi, ukusebenzisana kwabo kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kwabo. Ngokubambisana nokubeka iliso, sifumana isixhobo esisebenzayo sokuxilonga ukuziphatha kunye nokuqikelela ukuziphatha kwenethiwekhi.
1.2. L1, L2, L3
BakwaLuleko loku-1, uLwesibini kunye noLuleko lwesi-2 ngokuhambelana nemodeli ye-OSI. I-L3 - inqanaba lomzimba (iingcingo kunye nokutshintsha), i-L1 - inqanaba lokujongana nomzimba (i-mac-address), i-L2 - inqanaba lokujongana nengqiqo (i-IP-idilesi).
Enyanisweni, akukho sizathu sokwakha imephu ye-L1, ilandela ngengqiqo ukusuka kwi-L2 efanayo, ngaphandle, mhlawumbi, kubaguquli beendaba. Kwaye ke, ngoku kukho abaguquli bemidiya abanokulandelelwa.
Ngengqiqo - i-L2 yakha imephu yenethiwekhi esekelwe kwi-mac-address ye-nodes, i-L3 - kwiidilesi ze-IP zeendawo.
1.3. Yiyiphi idatha yokubonisa
Kuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi ekufuneka isonjululwe kunye neminqweno. Ngokomzekelo, ngokwemvelo ndifuna ukuqonda ukuba isiqwenga sesinyithi ngokwaso "siyaphila", apho ichweba "lixhonywe" kwaye likweyiphi imeko i-port ephezulu okanye ephantsi. Inokuba yiL2. Kwaye ngokubanzi, i-L2 ibonakala kum yeyona nto isebenzayo yemephu yemephu ye-topology kwindlela esetyenziswayo. Kodwa, incasa kunye nombala ...
Isantya soqhagamshelwano kwizibuko asisibi, kodwa asibalulekanga ukuba kukho isixhobo sokugqibela apho - umshicileli wePC. Kuya kuba kuhle ukukwazi ukubona inqanaba lomthwalo weprosesa, inani le-RAM yasimahla kunye nobushushu kwiqhekeza lentsimbi. Kodwa oku akusekho lula, apha kuya kufuneka uqwalasele inkqubo yokubeka iliso enokufunda i-SNMP kwaye ibonise kwaye ihlalutye idatha efunyenweyo. Okunye malunga noku kamva.
Ngokumalunga ne-L3, ndiyifumene le .
1.4. Njani?
Inokwenziwa ngesandla, inokwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuba ngesandla, ngoko ixesha elide kwaye kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo into yomntu. Ukuba ngokuzenzekelayo, ngoko kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ukuba zonke izixhobo zenethiwekhi kufuneka "zihlakaniphile", zikwazi ukusebenzisa i-SNMP, kwaye le SNMP kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokuchanekileyo ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo eya kuqokelela idatha kubo ifunde le datha.
Kubonakala kungekho nzima. Kodwa kukho imigibe. Ukuqala ngento yokuba ayizizo zonke iinkqubo eziya kukwazi ukufunda yonke idatha esingathanda ukuyibona kwisixhobo, okanye ayizizo zonke izixhobo zenethiwekhi ezinokunika le datha, kwaye iphele ngento yokuba ayizizo zonke iinkqubo ezinokwakha iimephu zenethiwekhi. imowudi ezenzekelayo.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemephu ngokuzenzekelayo imalunga noku kulandelayo:
β inkqubo ifunda idatha kwisixhobo sothungelwano
- ngokusekelwe kwidatha, yenza itafile yedilesi ehambelanayo kwiichweba kwi-port nganye ye-router
- idibanisa iidilesi namagama esixhobo
- yakha i-port-port-device uxhumano
- udonsa konke oku ngendlela yomzobo, "intuitive" kumsebenzisi
2. Ziqhelise
Ke, masithethe ngoku malunga nento onokuyisebenzisa ukwakha imephu yenethiwekhi. Masithathe njengesiqalo esifuna, ewe, ukwenza le nkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo kangangoko sinakho. Ewe, oko kukuthi, iPaint kunye ne-MS Visio azisekho ... nangona ... Hayi, zinjalo.
Kukho isoftware ekhethekileyo esombulula ingxaki yokwakha imephu yenethiwekhi. Ezinye iimveliso zesoftware zinokubonelela kuphela ngemekobume "ngesandla" yokongeza imifanekiso eneempawu, amakhonkco okuzoba, kunye nokuqalisa "ukubeka iliso" ngendlela encitshiswe kakhulu (nokuba indawo leyo iyaphila okanye ayisaphenduli kwakhona). Abanye abakwazi kuphela ukuzoba umzobo womnatha ngokwabo, kodwa bafunde kwakhona iqela parameters ukusuka SNMP, ukwazisa umsebenzisi nge SMS kwimeko yokwaphuka, ukubonelela ngeqela lolwazi kumazibuko ihardware womnatha, kwaye konke oku kuphela. inxalenye yokusebenza kwazo (i-NetXMS efanayo).
2.1. Iimveliso
Uluhlu lukude nokugqiba, kuba zininzi zesoftware enjalo. Kodwa oku konke uGoogle akunikayo ngesihloko (kubandakanya iindawo zolwimi lwesiNgesi):
Iiprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo:
ILanTopoLog
I-Nagios
Ndicinga
NeDi
IPandora FMS
PRTG
NetXMS
Zabbix
Iiprojekthi ezihlawulweyo:
iLanState
Iyonke Network Monitor
Solarwinds Network Topology Mapper
UVexplorer
I-Auvik
I-AdRem NetCrunch
2.2.1. Isoftware yasimahla
2.2.1.1. LanTopoLog
Isoftware eyenziwe nguYuri Volokitin. I-interface ilula njengoko inokuba njalo. I-Softina ixhasa, masithi, i-semi-automatic network building. Kufuneka "ukondla" izicwangciso zazo zonke ii-routers (i-IP, i-SNMP iziqinisekiso), ngoko yonke into iya kwenzeka ngokwayo, oko kukuthi, ukudibanisa phakathi kwezixhobo kuya kwakhiwa ebonisa izibuko.
Kukho iinguqulelo ezihlawulweyo nezisimahla zemveliso.
2.2.1.2. I-Nagios
Isoftware yoMthombo ovulekileyo ikhona ukusukela ngo-1999. Inkqubo yenzelwe ukubeka iliso kwinethiwekhi, oko kukuthi, inokufunda idatha nge-SNMP kwaye yakha ngokuzenzekelayo imephu yenethiwekhi, kodwa ekubeni lo ayisiwo umsebenzi wayo oyintloko, yenza oku ngendlela ... engaqhelekanga ... i-NagVis isetyenziswa. ukwakha iimephu.
2.2.1.3. Ndicinga
I-Icinga yinkqubo yoMthombo oVulekileyo, owathi ngaxesha lithile wasuka eNagios. Inkqubo ikuvumela ukuba wakhe iimephu zenethiwekhi ngokuzenzekelayo. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba yakha iimephu isebenzisa i-addon ye-NagVis, eyaphuhliswa phantsi kwe-Nagios, ngoko siya kucinga ukuba ezi nkqubo zimbini zifana ngokubhekiselele ekwakheni imephu yenethiwekhi.
2.2.1.4. NeDi
Iyakwazi ukubona ngokuzenzekelayo ii-nodes kwinethiwekhi, kwaye ngokusekelwe kule datha, yakha imephu yenethiwekhi. I-interface ilula kakhulu, kukho ukujonga imeko nge-SNMP.
Kukho iinguqulelo zasimahla kunye nezihlawulwayo zemveliso.
2.2.1.5. Pandora FMS
Iyakwazi ukufumanisa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukwakha inethiwekhi ngokuzenzekelayo, i-SNMP. Ujongano oluhle.
Kukho iinguqulelo zasimahla kunye nezihlawulwayo zemveliso.
2.2.1.6. I-PRTG
Isoftware ayiyazi indlela yokwakha ngokuzenzekelayo imephu yenethiwekhi, kuphela ukutsala ngesandla kunye nokulahla imifanekiso. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, inokubeka iliso kwimo yezixhobo ngeSNMP. I-interface ishiya okuninzi okufunwayo, ngokoluvo lwam oluzimeleyo.
Iintsuku ezingama-30 - ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo, emva koko - "inguqulo yamahhala".
2.2.1.7. NetXMS
I-NetMXS ikakhulu yinkqubo yokubeka iliso kuMthombo oVulekileyo, ukwakha imephu yothungelwano ngumsebenzi osecaleni. Kodwa iphunyezwa ngokucocekileyo. Isakhiwo esizenzekelayo esisekelwe kwi-auto-discovery, ukubeka iliso kwi-node nge-SNMP, ekwazi ukulandelela isimo se-router port kunye nezinye izibalo.
2.2.1.8. Zabbix
I-Zabbix ikwayinkqubo yokubeka iliso kuMthombo oVulekileyo, kwaye ibhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwaye inamandla kuneNetXMS, kodwa inokwakha iimephu zenethiwekhi kuphela kwimowudi yencwadi, kodwa inokubeka iliso phantse naziphi na iiparamitha ze-router, ingqokelela yayo enokuthi iqwalaselwe kuphela.
2.2.2. I-software ehlawulwayo
2.2.2..1 Lan State
Isoftware ehlawulwayo ekuvumela ukuba uskene ngokuzenzekelayo i-topology yenethiwekhi kwaye wakhe imephu yenethiwekhi esekwe kwisixhobo esibhaqiweyo. Ikuvumela ukuba ujonge ubume bezixhobo ezichongiweyo kuphela ngokunyuka kwe-node ngokwayo.
2.2.2.2. Iyonke Network Monitor
Isoftware ehlawulwayo engenzi ngokuzenzekelayo imephu yenethiwekhi. Andazi nokuba ungazibhaqa njani na iindawo ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngapha koko, le yiVisio enye, igxile kuphela kwi-topology yenethiwekhi. Ikuvumela ukuba ujonge ubume bezixhobo ezichongiweyo kuphela ngokunyuka kwe-node ngokwayo.
Crap! Ndabhala ngasentla ukuba siyala iPaint kunye neVisio ... Kulungile, makube njalo.
Andizange ndifumane incwadana yevidiyo, kwaye andiyidingi ... Inkqubo injalo-njalo.
2.2.2.3. Solarwinds Network Topology Mapper
Isoftware ehlawulwayo, kukho ixesha lovavanyo. Iyakwazi ukuskena ngokuzenzekelayo inethiwekhi kwaye yenze imephu ngokwayo ngokweeparamitha ezichaziweyo. I-interface ilula kwaye imnandi.
2.2.2.4. UVexplorer
Isoftware ehlawulweyo, uvavanyo lweentsuku ezili-15. Iyakwazi ukubona ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye izobe imephu ngokuzenzekelayo, ibeke iliso kwizixhobo kuphela nge-up / down state, oko kukuthi, nge-ping yesixhobo.
2.2.2.5. Auvik
Intle intle inkqubo ehlawulweyo enokubona ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ibeke iliso kwizixhobo zenethiwekhi.
2.2.2.6. I-AdRem NetCrunch
I-software ehlawulweyo enolingo lweentsuku ezili-14. Uyakwazi ukuzibona ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokwakha inethiwekhi ngokuzenzekela. Ujongano aluzange lubangele umdla. Inokubeka iliso kwi-SNMP.
3. Ipleyiti yokuthelekisa
Njengoko kwavelayo, kunzima kakhulu ukuza neeparamitha ezifanelekileyo nezibalulekileyo zokuthelekisa iinkqubo kwaye kwangaxeshanye uzifake kwipleyiti enye encinci. Nantsi into endiyifumeneyo:
*Isetingi "Enobuhlobo boMsebenzisi" ixhomekeke kakhulu kwaye ndiyayiqonda loo nto. Kodwa enye indlela yokuchaza "ubunzima kunye nokungafundeki" andizange ndize nayo.
**"Ukubeka iliso kungekuphela nje inethiwekhi" kuthetha ukusebenza kwenkqubo "njengenkqubo yokubeka iliso" ngendlela eqhelekileyo yeli gama, oko kukuthi, ukukwazi ukufunda iimethrikhi ukusuka kwi-OS, imikhosi ye-virtualization, ukufumana idatha kwizicelo kwiindwendwe. Ii-OS, njl.
4. Uluvo lomntu
Ukusuka kumava obuqu, andiboni sizathu sokusebenzisa isoftware ngokwahlukileyo kuhlolo lwenethiwekhi. Ndichukumisekile ngakumbi ngumbono wokusebenzisa inkqubo yokubeka iliso kuyo yonke into kwaye wonke umntu onekhono lokwakha imephu yenethiwekhi. UZabbix unobunzima kule nto. UNagios no-Icinga nabo. Kwaye yi-NetXSM kuphela eyonwabileyo kulo mba. Nangona, ukuba uyabhideka kwaye wenze imephu kwi-Zabbix, ngoko ibonakala ithembisa ngakumbi kune-NetXMS. Kukho kwakhona i-Pandora FMS, i-PRTG, i-Solarwinds NTM, i-AdRem NetCrunch, kwaye mhlawumbi ininzi yezinye izinto ezingabandakanyiyo kweli nqaku, kodwa ndazibona kuphela kwimifanekiso kunye namavidiyo, ngoko andinakukwazi ukuthetha nantoni na ngabo.
Malunga ne-NetXMS yabhalwa kunye nesishwankathelo esincinci sezakhono zenkqubo kunye nencinci indlela yokwenza.
PS:
Ukuba ndenze impazamo kwenye indawo, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ndenze impazamo, nceda, ndiyilungise kwizimvo, ndiya kulungisa inqaku ukuze abo bafumana olu lwazi luluncedo bangaphindi bajonge yonke into kumava abo.
Π‘ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎ.
umthombo: www.habr.com