Kwiminyaka emininzi, inkqubela phambili kwitheknoloji yokugcina ilinganiswe ngokuyinhloko ngokubhekiselele kumthamo wokugcina kunye nedatha yokufunda / ukubhala isantya. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezi parameters zokuvavanya ziye zongezwa ngobuchwepheshe kunye neendlela ezenza ukuba i-HDD kunye ne-SSD iqhube kakuhle, ibe bhetyebhetye kwaye kulula ukuyilawula. Rhoqo ngonyaka, abavelisi abaqhuba ngokwesiko bacebisa ukuba imakethi enkulu yedatha iya kutshintsha, kwaye i-2020 ayihlukanga. Iinkokeli ze-IT ziya zikhangela iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokugcina nokulawula amanani amakhulu edatha, kwaye ziphinda zithembisa ukutshintsha inkqubo yokugcina. Kweli nqaku, siqokelele ubugcisa obuphezulu bokugcina ulwazi, kwaye siya kuthetha malunga neengcamango zezixhobo zokugcina ezizayo ezingekafumani ukuphunyezwa kwazo ngokwasemzimbeni.
IiNethiwekhi ezichaziweyo zoGcino lweSoftware
Xa kuziwa kwi-automation, ukuguquguquka kunye nokwandisa umthamo wokugcina kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwabasebenzi, amashishini amaninzi acinga ukutshintshela kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-software-defined storage networks okanye i-SDS (I-Software-Defined Storage).
Inqaku eliphambili letekhnoloji ye-SDS kukwahlulwa kwehardware kwisoftware: oko kukuthi, kuthetha . Ukongezelela, ngokungafaniyo nokugcinwa kwenethiwekhi eqhelekileyo (NAS) okanye inethiwekhi yendawo yokugcina (i-SAN), i-SDS yenzelwe ukusebenza kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo ye-x86 eqhelekileyo. Rhoqo, injongo yokuthumela i-SDS kukuphucula iindleko zokusebenza (OpEx) ngelixa ifuna iinzame zolawulo ezincinci.
Umthamo we-HDD drives uya kwanda ukuya kwi-32 TB
Izixhobo zemveli zokugcina kazibuthe azifanga kwaphela, kodwa zifumana uvuselelo lwetekhnoloji. Ii-HDD zanamhlanje zinokubonelela abasebenzisi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16 TB yokugcina idatha. Kule minyaka mihlanu izayo, lo mthamo uza kuphinda kabini. Ngexesha elifanayo, ii-hard disk drives ziya kuqhubeka zibe yeyona nto ifikelelekayo yokugcina i-random access kwaye iya kugcina i-primacy yabo kwixabiso ngegigabyte yendawo yediski kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo.
Ukunyuswa kwamandla kuya kusekelwa kubuchwephesha esele busaziwa:
- I-Helium drives (i-helium inciphisa i-aerodynamic drag kunye ne-turbulence, ivumela amacwecwe amaninzi amagnetic ukuba afakwe kwi-drive; ukuveliswa kobushushu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla akunyuki);
- I-Thermomagnetic drives (okanye i-HAMR HDD, ukubonakala kwayo kulindeleke ngo-2021 kwaye yakhiwe kumgaqo wokurekhoda idatha ye-microwave, xa icandelo lediski lifudumala nge-laser kunye ne-remagnetized);
- I-HDD esekelwe ekurekhodweni kweethayile (okanye ii-SMR drives, apho iingoma zedatha zibekwe phezu komnye nomnye, kwifomathi enethayile; oku kuqinisekisa ukuxinana okuphezulu kokurekhoda kolwazi).
Iidrive ze-Helium zifunwa kakhulu kumaziko edatha yelifu, kwaye ii-SMR HDDs zilungele ukugcina oovimba abakhulu kunye namathala eencwadi edatha, ukufikelela kunye nokuhlaziya idatha engafuneki rhoqo. Zikwakulungele ukwenza ii-backups.
Iidrive zeNVMe ziya kukhawuleza ngakumbi
Iidrive zokuqala ze-SSD ziqhagamshelwe kwiibhodi ze-mama nge-SATA okanye i-SAS interface, kodwa ezi nxibelelwano zaphuhliswa ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo kwiidrive ze-HDD zemagneti. Iprothokholi yanamhlanje ye-NVMe yinkqubo yonxibelelwano enamandla ngakumbi eyenzelwe iinkqubo ezibonelela ngesantya esiphezulu sokusetyenzwa kwedatha. Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni kuka-2019-2020 sibona ukuhla okukhulu kwamaxabiso e-NVMe SSDs, eziye zifumaneke kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwabasebenzisi. Kwicandelo leenkampani, izisombululo zeNVMe zixabiswa ngokukodwa ngala mashishini afuna ukuhlalutya idatha enkulu ngexesha langempela.
Iinkampani ezifana ne-Kingston kunye ne-Samsung sele zibonisile ukuba abasebenzisi beshishini banokulindela ntoni ngo-2020: sonke silindele i-PCIe 4.0-enabled NVMe SSDs ukongeza isantya sokusetyenzwa kwedatha kwiziko ledatha. Ukusebenza okubhengeziweyo kweemveliso ezintsha yi-4,8 GB / s, kwaye oku kude nomda. Izizukulwana ezilandelayo iya kuba nako ukubonelela nge-throughput ye-7 GB / s.
Kanye kunye ne-NVMe-oF (okanye i-NVMe phezu kweFabrics) ukucaciswa, imibutho iya kuba nako ukwenza amanethiwekhi okugcina okusebenza okuphezulu kunye ne-latency encinci eya kukhuphisana ngamandla kunye ne-DAS (okanye i-Direct-attached storage) amaziko edatha. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusebenzisa i-NVMe-oF, imisebenzi ye-I / O icutshungulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa i-latency ifaniswa neenkqubo ze-DAS. Abahlalutyi baqikelela ukuba ukuthunyelwa kweenkqubo ezisebenza kwi-NVMe-oF protocol kuya kukhawuleziswa ngokukhawuleza ngo-2020.
Ngaba imemori ye-QLC iya kusebenza ekugqibeleni?
I-Quad Level Cell (QLC) Imemori ye-Flash ye-NAND iya kubona ukwanda kokuthandwa kwimarike. I-QLC yaziswa ngo-2019 kwaye ke iye yamkelwa kancinci kwimarike. Oku kuya kutshintsha ngo-2020, ngakumbi phakathi kweenkampani ezithathe itekhnoloji yeLightOS Global Flash Translation Layer (GFTL) ukoyisa imiceli mngeni ye-QLC.
Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabahlalutyi, ukukhula kwentengiso yee-SSD drives ezisekelwe kwiiseli ze-QLC ziya kunyuka nge-10%, ngelixa izisombululo ze-TLC "ziya kubamba" i-85% yemarike. Nokuba umntu angathini, i-QLC SSD isesemva kakhulu ekusebenzeni xa kuthelekiswa ne-TLC SSD kwaye ayiyi kuba sisiseko samaziko edatha kule minyaka mihlanu izayo.
Kwangaxeshanye, ixabiso lememori ye-NAND flash kulindeleke ukuba linyuke ngo-2020, ngoko ke umthengisi we-SSD uPhison, umzekelo, ukubheja ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuya kutyhala imarike yomthengi we-SSD ukuya kwi-4-bit flash -QLC NAND memory. Ngendlela, i-Intel iceba ukuqalisa izisombululo ze-QLC ze-144 (endaweni yeemveliso ze-96-layer). Ewe ... kubonakala ngathi sibhekisa phambili ekujongeni ngakumbi ii-HDDs.
Imemori yeSCM: isantya sisondele kwiDRAM
Ukwamkelwa okuxhaphakileyo kwe-SCM (iMemori yeKlasi yokuGcina) kuqikelelwe iminyaka eliqela, kwaye u-2020 inokuba sisiqalo soluqikelelo ukuba lube yinyaniso ekugqibeleni. Ngelixa i-Intel Optane, i-Toshiba XL-Flash kunye ne-Samsung Z-SSD iimodyuli zememori sele zingenile kwimarike yezoshishino, ukubonakala kwazo akuzange kubangele ukusabela okukhulu.
Isixhobo se-Intel sidibanisa iimpawu ze-DRAM ekhawulezayo kodwa engazinzanga kunye nokugcinwa okucothayo kodwa okuzingisileyo kwe-NAND. Le ndibaniselwano ijolise ekuphuculeni amandla abasebenzisi okusebenza kunye neeseti ezinkulu zedatha, ukubonelela zombini isantya se-DRAM kunye nomthamo we-NAND. Inkumbulo ye-SCM ayikhawulezi nje kunezinye iindlela ezisekwe kwi-NAND: ikhawuleza kalishumi. I-latency yi-microseconds, hayi i-milliseconds.
Iingcali zentengiso ziqaphela ukuba amaziko edatha aceba ukusebenzisa i-SCM aya kuthintelwa yinto yokuba le teknoloji iya kusebenza kuphela kwiiseva ezisebenzisa i-Intel Cascade Lake processors. Nangona kunjalo, ngokoluvo lwabo, oku akuyi kuba sisikhubekiso ukumisa i-wave yokuphucula kumaziko edatha akhoyo ukwenzela ukubonelela ngesantya esiphezulu sokucubungula.
Ukusuka kwinyani ebonwa kwangaphambili ukuya kwikamva elikude
Kubasebenzisi abaninzi, ugcino lwedatha alubandakanyi umqondo we "capacitive Armageddon." Kodwa khawucinge ngayo: abantu abazibhiliyoni ezi-3,7 abasebenzisa i-Intanethi ngoku bavelisa malunga ne-2,5 quintillion bytes yedatha yonke imihla. Ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno, amaziko amaninzi edatha ayafuneka.
Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2025 umhlaba sele ulungele ukucubungula i-160 Zetabytes zedatha ngonyaka (zii-bytes ezininzi kuneenkwenkwezi kwi-Universe ebonakalayo). Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwixesha elizayo kuya kufuneka sigubungele yonke i-square meter yeplanethi yoMhlaba ngamaziko edatha, kungenjalo iinkampani aziyi kukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokukhula okuphezulu kolwazi. Okanye ... kuya kufuneka ulahle idatha ethile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zetekhnoloji ezinokuba nomdla ezinokusombulula ingxaki ekhulayo yokugcwala kolwazi.
Ubume be-DNA njengesiseko sokugcinwa kwedatha yexesha elizayo
Ayiyiyo kuphela i-IT corporations ekhangela iindlela ezintsha zokugcina kunye nokusebenza kolwazi, kodwa kunye neenzululwazi ezininzi. Umsebenzi wehlabathi kukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kolwazi kangangamawaka eminyaka. Abaphandi abavela kwi-ETH Zurich, eSwitzerland, bakholelwa ukuba isisombululo kufuneka sifumaneke kwinkqubo yokugcina idatha ekhoyo kuyo yonke iseli ephilayo: iDNA. Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, le nkqubo "yayilwa" kwakudala ngaphambi kokufika kwekhompyuter.
Imicu ye-DNA inzima kakhulu, idibene kwaye inzima ngokumangalisayo njengabathwali bolwazi: ngokutsho kwezazinzulu, i-455 Exabytes yedatha ingabhalwa kwigram ye-DNA, apho i-1 Ebyte ilingana negigabytes yebhiliyoni. Iimvavanyo zokuqala sele zenze ukuba kube lula ukurekhoda i-83 KB yolwazi kwi-DNA, emva koko utitshala kwiSebe leKhemistry kunye neSayensi yeBhayoloji, uRobert Grass, wavakalisa ingcamango yokuba kule minyaka ilishumi itsha icandelo lezonyango kufuneka lihlangane ngokusondeleyo ngakumbi. Isakhiwo se-IT sophuhliso oludibeneyo kwintsimi yokurekhoda iteknoloji kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha.
Ngokutsho kwezazinzulu, izixhobo zokugcina idatha yendalo esekwe kwimixokelelwane ye-DNA inokugcina ulwazi ukuya kuthi ga kwisigidi seminyaka kwaye inikezele ngokuchanekileyo kwisicelo sokuqala. Kuyenzeka ukuba kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka, uninzi lokuqhuba luya kusokola ngokuchanekileyo eli thuba: ukukwazi ukugcina idatha ngokuthembekileyo nangobuchule ixesha elide.
AmaSwitzerland ayingawo kuphela asebenza kwiinkqubo zokugcina ezisekwe kwiDNA. Lo mbuzo uye waphakanyiswa ukususela ngo-1953, xa uFrancis Crick wafumanisa i-double helix ye-DNA. Kodwa ngelo xesha, uluntu lwalungenalo ulwazi lwaneleyo lovavanyo olunjalo. Ukucinga kwendabuko kwisitoreji se-DNA kugxininise ekuhlanganiseni ama-molecule e-DNA entsha; ukuthelekisa ulandelelwano lweebhithi kulandelelwano lwesibini sesiseko se-DNA kunye nokudala iimolekyuli ezaneleyo ukumela onke amanani afuna ukugcinwa. Ke, ehlotyeni lika-2019, iinjineli ezivela kwinkampani yeCATALOG zikwazile ukurekhoda i-16 GB ye-Wikipedia yolwimi lwesiNgesi kwiDNA eyenziwe kwiipolymers zokwenziwa. Ingxaki kukuba le nkqubo iyacotha kwaye iyabiza, nto leyo engumqobo obalulekileyo xa kufikwa kugcino lwedatha.
Hayi iDNA yodwa...: izixhobo zokugcina iimolekyuli
Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseBrown (e-USA) bathi i-molecule ye-DNA ayisiyiyo yodwa inketho yokugcina idatha ye-molekyuli ukuya kuthi ga kwisigidi seminyaka. I-metabolites ephantsi yobunzima be-molecular inokusebenza njengokugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Xa ulwazi lubhalwa kwiseti ye-metabolites, iimolekyuli ziqala ukusebenzisana kunye kunye nokuvelisa amaqhekeza amatsha angathathi hlangothi ombane aqulethe idatha erekhodiweyo kuzo.
Ngendlela, abaphandi abazange bayeke apho kwaye bandise isethi yee-molecule zezinto eziphilayo, okwenza kube lula ukunyusa ubuninzi bedatha erekhodiweyo. Ukufunda ulwazi olunjalo kunokwenzeka ngohlalutyo lwekhemikhali. Okubi kuphela kukuba ukuphunyezwa kweso sixhobo sokugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo akukakwenzeka ekusebenzeni, ngaphandle kweemeko zebhubhoratri. Olu luphuhliso nje lwexesha elizayo.
Imemori ye-5D ye-optical: ukuguqulwa kokugcinwa kwedatha
Olunye uvimba wovavanyo lolwabaphuhlisi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseSouthampton, eNgilani. Kwiinzame zokudala inkqubo yokugcina idijithali enokuthi ihlale kwizigidi zeminyaka, izazinzulu ziye zaphuhlisa inkqubo yokurekhoda idatha kwidiski encinci ye-quartz esekelwe kwi-femtosecond pulse recording. Inkqubo yokugcina yenzelwe ukugcina kunye nokugcinwa okubandayo kwedatha enkulu kwaye ichazwa njengokugcinwa kwe-five-dimensional.
Kutheni i-five-dimensional? Inyaniso kukuba ulwazi lufakwe kwiikhowudi kwiileya ezininzi, kubandakanywa nemilinganiselo emithathu eqhelekileyo. Kule milinganiselo ezimbini zongezwa-ubukhulu kunye ne-nanodot orientation. Umthamo wedatha onokuthi urekhodwe kwi-mini-drive enjalo ukuya kwi-100 Petabytes, kwaye ubomi bokugcina buyi-13,8 yezigidigidi zeminyaka kwiqondo lokushisa ukuya kwi-190 Β° C. Obona bushushu buphezulu bobushushu obunokumelana nediski yi-982 Β°C. Ngamafutshane ... yinto engunaphakade!
Umsebenzi weYunivesithi yaseSouthampton usanda kubamba ingqalelo yeMicrosoft, inkqubo yakhe yokugcina ilifu iProjekthi yeSilica ijolise ekucingeni kwakhona iteknoloji yokugcina yangoku. Ngokwezibikezelo "ezincinci-ezithambileyo", ngo-2023 ngaphezu kwe-100 ye-Zetabytes yolwazi iya kugcinwa emafini, ngoko ke kunye neenkqubo zokugcina ezinkulu ziza kujongana nobunzima.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neemveliso zeKingston Technology, nceda undwendwele iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani.
umthombo: www.habr.com