Molo Habr! Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba ngaba kufanelekile ukulungelelanisa uluhlu lwe-RAID olusekelwe kwizisombululo ze-SATA SSD kunye ne-NVMe SSD, kwaye kuya kubakho inzuzo enkulu kule nto? Sagqiba ekubeni sijonge kulo mbandela ngokuqwalasela iintlobo kunye neentlobo zabalawuli ezivumela ukuba kwenziwe oku, kunye nobubanzi bokusetyenziswa kolu lungelelwaniso.
Ngandlela-thile, ngamnye wethu ubuncinane kanye kanye ebomini bethu weva iinkcazo ezifana ne-"RAID", "i-RAID-array", "i-RAID-controller", kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba sinamathele ngokubalulekileyo kule nto, kuba konke oku. akunakwenzeka kwi-PC boyar eqhelekileyo Inika umdla. Kodwa wonke umntu ufuna isantya esiphezulu kwiidrive zangaphakathi kunye nokusebenza okungenangxaki. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-hardware yekhompyutheni inamandla kangakanani, isantya se-drive siba yibhotile xa kuziwa ekusebenzeni okudibeneyo kwePC kunye nomncedisi.
Le yayiyimeko kanye de kwathathwa ii-HDD zemveli zatshintshwa zii-NVMe SSDs zangoku ezinomthamo othelekisekayo we-TB eyi-1 okanye ngaphezulu. Kwaye ukuba ngaphambili kwiiPC bekukho imidibaniso yeSATA SSD + isibini se-HDDs, namhlanje ziqala ukutshintshwa sesinye isisombululo-i-NVMe SSD + isibini se-SATA SSDs. Ukuba sithetha ngamaseva eenkampani kunye "namafu," abaninzi sele befudukele ngempumelelo kwii-SATA SSDs, ngenxa yokuba zikhawuleza kuneziqhelekileyo "iitoti" kwaye ziyakwazi ukucubungula inani elikhulu lemisebenzi ye-I / O ngaxeshanye.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunyamezela kwesiphoso kwenkqubo kusekho kwinqanaba eliphantsi: asikwazi, njengakwi "Battle of Psychics," ukuqikelela ngokuchaneka ukuya kwiveki xa i-solid-state drive iya kufa. Kwaye ukuba ii-HDD "ziyafa" ngokuthe ngcembe, zikuvumela ukuba ubambe iimpawu kwaye uthathe inyathelo, emva koko ii-SSD "ziyafa" ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle kwesilumkiso. Kwaye ngoku lixesha lokuqonda ukuba kutheni yonke le nto iyimfuneko? Ngaba kufanelekile ukulungelelanisa i-RAID i-arrays ngokusekelwe kwizisombululo ze-SATA SSD kunye ne-NVMe SSD, kwaye kuya kubakho inzuzo enkulu kule nto?
Kutheni ufuna uluhlu lwe-RAID?
Kwa igama elithi "uluhlu" sele lithetha ukuba iidrive ezininzi (i-HDD kunye ne-SSD) zisetyenziselwa ukuyila, ezidityaniswe kusetyenziswa umlawuli we-RAID kwaye ziqatshelwe yi-OS njengendawo yokugcina idatha. Umsebenzi wehlabathi jikelele onokuthi i-RAID i-arrays inokusombulula ukunciphisa ixesha lokufikelela kwidatha, ukwandisa isantya sokufunda / ukubhala kunye nokuthembeka, okuphunyezwa ngokubulela ukukwazi ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza xa kukho ukungaphumeleli. Ngendlela, akuyimfuneko kwaphela ukusebenzisa i-RAID kwii-backups zasekhaya. Kodwa ukuba uneseva yakho yasekhaya, ofuna ukufikelela kuyo rhoqo 24/7, ngumcimbi owahlukileyo lowo.
Kukho ngaphezu kweshumi elinesibini lamanqanaba e-RAID arrays, nganye eyahluka kwinani leedrive ezisetyenziswa kuyo kwaye ineenzuzo zayo kunye nezibi: umzekelo, iRAID 0 ikuvumela ukuba ufumane ukusebenza okuphezulu ngaphandle kokunyamezela impazamo, iRAID 1 ikuvumela ukuba idatha yesipili ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokunyuka kwesantya, kwaye i-RAID 10 idibanisa iqulethe izinto ezinokuthi zichazwe ngasentla. I-RAID 0 kunye ne-1 yizona zilula (ekubeni azifuni izibalo zesoftware) kwaye, ngenxa yoko, eyona idumileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho lokukhetha elinye okanye elinye inqanaba le-RAID lixhomekeke kwimisebenzi eyabelwe uluhlu lwediski kunye namandla omlawuli we-RAID.
Ikhaya kunye ne-RAID yenkampani: yintoni umahluko?
Isiseko salo naliphi na ishishini lanamhlanje yimithamo emikhulu yedatha ekufuneka igcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwiiseva zenkampani. Kwaye kwakhona, njengoko siphawulile ngasentla, kufuneka babonelelwe ngokufikelela rhoqo 24/7. Kucacile ukuba, kunye ne-hardware, inxalenye yesofthiwe nayo ibalulekile, kodwa kulo mzekelo sisathetha ngezixhobo eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuthembekileyo kunye nokuqhutyelwa kolwazi. Akukho software iya kusindisa inkampani ekonakalisweni ukuba i-hardware ayihlangabezani nemisebenzi eyabelwe yona.
Kule misebenzi, nawuphi na umenzi we-hardware unikezela ngezinto ezibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zeshishini. I-Kingston inezisombululo ezinamandla zombuso oqinileyo ngendlela yeemodeli zeSATA ΠΈ , kunye neemodeli ze-NVMe DC1000M U.2 NVMe, DCU1000 U.2 NVMe kunye ne-DCP-1000 PCI-e, ejoliswe ukusetyenziswa kumaziko edatha kunye nee-supercomputers. Uluhlu lweedrive ezinjalo ludla ngokusetyenziswa ngokubambisana nabalawuli behardware.
Kwimarike yabathengi (oko kukuthi, iiPC zasekhaya kunye neeseva zeNAS), iidrive ezifana NVMe PCIe, kodwa kule meko akuyomfuneko ukuthenga isilawuli se-hardware. Unokuzikhawulela kwi-PC okanye iseva ye-NAS eyakhelwe kwi-motherboard, ngaphandle kokuba ngokuqinisekileyo uceba ukudibanisa iseva yasekhaya ngokwakho kwimisebenzi ye-atypical (ukuqala ikhaya elincinci lokubamba abahlobo, umzekelo). Ukongeza, ii-RAID zasekhaya, njengomthetho, azifuni amakhulu okanye amawaka okuqhuba, zikhawulelwe kwizixhobo ezimbini, ezine kunye nesibhozo (ngokuqhelekileyo iSATA).
Iintlobo kunye neentlobo zabalawuli be-RAID
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zabalawuli be-RAID ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yokuphumeza uluhlu lwe-RAID:
1. I-Software, apho ulawulo lwe-array luwela kwi-CPU kunye ne-DRAM (oko kukuthi, ikhowudi yeprogram iqhutywe kwiprosesa).
2. Idityanisiwe, oko kukuthi, eyakhelwe kwiibhodi ze-motherboard zePC okanye iseva ye-NAS.
3. I-Hardware (imodyuli), ezingamakhadi okwandisa adityanisiweyo kwi-PCI/PCIe izihlanganisi kwiibhodi zoomama.
Yintoni umahluko wabo osisiseko omnye komnye? Abalawuli be-RAID be-Software bangaphantsi kwi-integrated kunye ne-hardware ngokumalunga nokusebenza kunye nokunyamezela impazamo, kodwa abafuni izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprosesa yenkqubo yokusingatha inamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba iqhube isoftware yeRAID ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwezicelo ezisebenza kumamkeli. Abalawuli abadibeneyo bahlala bexhotyiswe ngememori yabo ye-cache kwaye basebenzise inani elithile lezixhobo ze-CPU.
Kodwa ezo zehardware zineememori zazo zombini zecache kunye neprosesa eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yokwenza i-algorithms yesoftware. Ngokwesiqhelo, bakuvumela ukuba uphumeze zonke iintlobo zamanqanaba e-RAID kwaye uxhase iintlobo ezininzi zokuqhuba ngaxeshanye. Ngokomzekelo, abalawuli be-hardware banamhlanje abavela kwi-Broadcom banokudibanisa ngaxeshanye izixhobo ze-SATA, i-SAS kunye ne-NVMe, evumela ukuba ungatshintshi umlawuli xa uphucula amaseva: ngokukodwa, xa usuka kwi-SATA SSD ukuya kwi-NVMe SSD, abalawuli akufanele batshintshwe.
Ngokwenyani, kweli nqaku siza kwi-typology yabalawuli ngokwabo. Ukuba kukho iimowudi ezintathu, ngaba kufuneka kubekho ezinye? Kule meko, impendulo yalo mbuzo iya kuba kwi-affirmative. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi kunye namandla, abalawuli be-RAID banokwahlulwa babe ziindidi ezininzi:
1. Abalawuli abaqhelekileyo abanomsebenzi we-RAID
Kuyo yonke i-hierarchy, lo ngoyena mlawuli olula okuvumela ukuba udibanise i-HDD kunye ne-SSD kwii-RAID zamanqanaba "0", "1" okanye "0 + 1". Oku kuphunyezwa ngokwenkqubo kwinqanaba le-firmware. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ezinjalo azinakucetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwicandelo leenkampani, kuba azinayo i-cache kwaye azixhasi uluhlu lwamanqanaba "5", "3", njl. Kodwa kumncedisi wasekhaya okwinqanaba lokungena bafanelekile.
2. Abalawuli abasebenza ngokuhambelana nabanye abalawuli be-RAID
Olu hlobo lomlawuli lunokudibaniswa kunye nabalawuli be-motherboard abadibeneyo. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokuhambelana nomgaqo olandelayo: umlawuli we-RAID ocacileyo unyamekela ukuxazulula iingxaki "ezinengqiqo", kwaye i-built-in ithatha imisebenzi yokutshintshiselana kwedatha phakathi kwee-drives. Kodwa kukho i-nuance: ukusebenza okufanayo kwabalawuli abanjalo kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiibhodi ze-motherboards ezihambelanayo, oku kuthetha ukuba umda wabo wesicelo ulinganiselwe kakhulu.
3. Abalawuli be-RAID abazimeleyo
Ezi zisombululo ezicacileyo ziqulathe ebhodini zonke iitshiphusi eziyimfuneko ukuze zisebenze kunye neeseva zodidi lweshishini, zine-BIOS yazo, imemori ye-cache kunye neprosesa yokulungiswa kwempazamo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubalwa kwe-checksum. Ukongeza, bahlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yokuthembeka ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso kunye neemodyuli zememori eziphezulu.
4. Abalawuli be-RAID bangaphandle
Akunzima ukuqikelela ukuba bonke abalawuli abadweliswe ngasentla bangaphakathi kwaye bafumana amandla ngesidibanisi sePCIe sebhodi yomama. Ithetha ntoni le nto? Kwaye ukusilela kwebhodi yomama kunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ekusebenzeni kwe-RAID uluhlu kunye nokulahleka kwedatha. Abalawuli bangaphandle bakhululiwe kule nto yokungaqondi kakuhle, ekubeni bahlala kwimeko eyahlukileyo kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla okuzimeleyo. Ngokuphathelele ukuthembeka, abalawuli abanjalo banikezela ngeyona nqanaba eliphezulu lokugcina idatha.
, I-Microsemi Adaptec, i-Intel, i-IBM, i-Dell kunye ne-Cisco zimbalwa zeenkampani ezibonelela ngoku abalawuli be-RAID ye-hardware.
Iindlela zokusebenza zabalawuli be-RAID SAS/SATA/NVMe
Injongo ephambili ye-tri-mode ye-HBA kunye nabalawuli be-RAID (okanye abalawuli abanomsebenzi we-Tri-Mode) kukudala i-NVMe-based hardware RAID. Abalawuli beBroadcom's 9400 banokwenza oku: umzekelo, . Kuhlobo oluzimeleyo lomlawuli we-RAID, uxhotyiswe ezine SFF-8643 izixhumi kwaye, ngenxa yenkxaso ye-Tri-Mode, ikuvumela ukuba udibanise i-SATA / SAS kunye ne-NVMe drives ngaxeshanye. Ukongeza, ikwangomnye wabalawuli abanamandla kakhulu kwimarike (isebenzisa kuphela i-17 Watts yamandla, engaphantsi kwe-1,1 Watts nganye kwizibuko ze-16).
I-interface yoqhagamshelwano yi-PCI Express x8 version 3.1, evumela ukuba i-throughput ye-64 Gbit / s (abalawuli be-PCI Express 2020 kulindeleke ukuba bavele ngo-4.0). Umlawuli we-16-port usekelwe kwi-chip ye-2-core kunye ne-72-bit DDR4-2133 SDRAM (4 GB), kunye nokukwazi ukudibanisa ukuya kwi-240 SATA / SAS drives, okanye ukuya kwi-24 NVMe izixhobo. Ngokumalunga nokulungelelanisa ii-RAID arrays, amanqanaba "0", "1", "5" kunye ne "6", kunye ne "10", "50" kunye ne "60" axhaswayo. Ngendlela, imemori ye-cache kunye nabanye abalawuli kwi-9400 series bakhuselwe kwi-voltage failures yimodyuli ekhethiweyo yeCacheVault CVPM05.
I-teknoloji yeendlela ezintathu isekelwe kumsebenzi wokuguqulwa kwedatha ye-SerDes: ukuguqula ukubonakaliswa kwe-serial yedatha kwi-interface ye-SAS/SATA kwifom ehambelanayo kwi-PCIe NVMe kunye nokunye. Oko kukuthi, umlawuli uthethathethwano ngesantya kunye neeprothokholi ukuze asebenze ngokungenamthungo nazo naziphi na iintlobo ezintathu zezixhobo zokugcina. Oku kubonelela ngendlela engenamthungo yokulinganisa iziseko zamaziko edatha: abasebenzisi banokusebenzisa i-NVMe ngaphandle kokwenza utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwezinye izilungiso zenkqubo.
Nangona kunjalo, xa ucwangcisa ulungelelwaniso nge-NVMe drives, kuyafaneleka ukuqwalasela ukuba izisombululo ze-NVMe zisebenzisa imizila ye-4 PCIe ukudibanisa, oku kuthetha ukuba i-drive nganye isebenzisa yonke imigca ye-SFF-8643 port. Kuvela ukuba ezine kuphela ii-NVMe drives ezinokudibaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kumlawuli we-MegaRAID 9460-16i. Okanye uzilinganisele kwizisombululo ezimbini ze-NVMe ngelixa ngaxeshanye uqhagamshela iidrive ezisibhozo ze-SAS (jonga umzobo woqhagamshelo ngezantsi).
Umzobo ubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwekhonkco "0" (i-C0 / i-Connector 0) kunye ne-connector "1" yokudibanisa i-NVMe, kunye nezixhumi "2" kunye ne "3" zoqhagamshelwano lwe-SAS. Eli lungiselelo linokubuyiselwa umva, kodwa idrayivu nganye ye-x4 NVMe kufuneka idityaniswe kusetyenziswa iindlela ezikufutshane. Iindlela zokusebenza zomlawuli zibekwe nge-StorCLI okanye i-Human Interface Infrastructure Infrastructure (HII) utility utility utility, esebenza kwindawo ye-UEFI.
Imowudi emiselweyo yi-"PD64" iprofayili (ixhasa kuphela i-SAS/SATA). Njengoko besesitshilo ngasentla, kukho iiprofayili ezintathu zizonke: imo ye "SAS/SATA kuphela" (PD240 / PD64 / PD 16), "imowudi ye-NVMe kuphela" (PCIe4) kunye nemowudi edibeneyo apho zonke iintlobo zokuqhuba. inokusebenza: "PD64 -PCIe4" (inkxaso ye-64 yediski ebonakalayo kunye nenyani kunye ne-4 NVMe drives). Kwimo exubileyo, ixabiso leprofayili ekhankanyiweyo kufuneka libe yi "ProfileID=13". Ngendlela, iprofayile ekhethiweyo igcinwa njengeyona nto iphambili kwaye ayiphinda isetyenziselwe naxa ibuyela kwizicwangciso zasefektri ngomyalelo weSet Factory Defaults. Inokutshintshwa kuphela ngesandla.
Ngaba kufanelekile ukwenza uluhlu lwe-RAID kwi-SSD?
Ke, sele siqondile ukuba ii-RAID arrays zisitshixo ekusebenzeni okuphezulu. Kodwa ngaba kufanelekile ukwakha i-RAID esuka kwi-SSD yokusetyenziswa kwasekhaya kunye noshishino? Uninzi lwabantu abathandabuzayo bathi ukonyuka kwesantya akubalulekanga kangako njengokutshixa kwi-NVMe drives. Kodwa ngaba oku kunjalo ngokwenene? Kunzima. Umda omkhulu wokusebenzisa ii-SSD kwi-RAID (zombini ekhaya nakwinqanaba leshishini) inokuba lixabiso. Nantoni na umntu angayithetha, ixabiso legigabyte yendawo kwi-HDD liphantsi kakhulu.
Ukudibanisa iimeko ezininzi eziqinileyo "eziqhuba" kwisilawuli se-RAID ukwenza uluhlu lwe-SSD lunokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwimimiselo ethile. Nangona kunjalo, ungalibali ukuba ukusebenza okuphezulu kukhawulelwe kukuphuma komlawuli we-RAID ngokwawo. Inqanaba le-RAID elibonelela ngeyona ndlela isebenzayo yiRAID 0.
I-RAID ye-0 eqhelekileyo kunye nee-SSD ezimbini, esebenzisa indlela yokwahlula idatha kwiibhloko ezisisigxina kunye nokuqhawula kuyo yonke indawo yokugcina indawo eqinile, iya kubangela ukusebenza kabini xa kuthelekiswa ne-SSD enye. Nangona kunjalo, uluhlu lwe-RAID 0 kunye nee-SSD ezine ziya kuba sele ziphindwe kane ngokukhawuleza kune-SSD ecothayo kuluhlu (kuxhomekeke kumda we-bandwidth kwinqanaba lomlawuli we-RAID SSD).
Ngokusekelwe kwi-arithmetic elula, i-SATA SSD imalunga namaxesha e-3 ngokukhawuleza kune-SATA HDD yendabuko. Izisombululo zeNVMe zisebenza ngakumbi - amaxesha ali-10 okanye ngaphezulu. Ngaphandle kokuba ii-hard drives ezimbini kwi-RAID ye-zero-level zibonisa ukusebenza kabini, ukwandisa nge-50%, ezimbini ze-SATA SSDs ziya kuba ngamaxesha angama-6 ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ezimbini ze-NVMe SSD ziya kuba ngamaxesha angama-20 ngokukhawuleza. Ngokukodwa, i-Kingston KC2000 NVMe PCIe drive enye inokufikelela kwisantya sokufunda nokubhala okulandelelanayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3200 MB/s, ethi kwi-RAID 0 ifomathi ifikelele kwi-6 GB/s enomtsalane. Kwaye isantya sokufunda/sokubhala seebloko ezingahleliweyo ze-4 KB ngobukhulu ziya kujika ukusuka kwi-350 IOPS ukuya kwi-000 IOPS. Kodwa ... kwangaxeshanye, "zero" RAID ayisiboneleli ngokuphinda-phinda.
Kunokuthiwa kwiindawo zasekhaya, ukugcinwa kwe-redundancy ngokuqhelekileyo akufuneki, ngoko ke ulungelelwaniso lwe-RAID olufanelekileyo lwe-SSD luba yi-RAID 0. Le yindlela ethembekileyo yokufumana ukuphuculwa komsebenzi obalulekileyo njengenye indlela yokusebenzisa iteknoloji efana ne-Intel Optane-based. ii-SSD. Kodwa siza kuthetha ngendlela izisombululo ze-SSD eziziphatha ngayo kwiintlobo ze-RAID ezidumileyo ("1", "5", "10", "50") kwinqaku lethu elilandelayo.
Eli nqaku lilungiselelwe ngenkxaso yabalingane bethu kwi-Broadcom, ababonelela ngabalawuli babo kwiinjineli ze-Kingston zokuvavanya nge-SATA / SAS / NVMe ye-enterprise-class drives. Ngombulelo kule symbiosis enobuhlobo, abathengi akufuneki bathandabuze ukuthembeka kunye nokuzinza kweKingston drives kunye ne-HBA kunye nabalawuli be-RAID kwimveliso. .
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neemveliso zeKingston, nceda undwendwele nkampani.
umthombo: www.habr.com