Kulo nyaka, i-Plesk igqibe kwelokuba ithumele abantu abaliqela kwi-KubeCon, inkulumbuso ye-Kubernetes umsitho kwihlabathi. Akukho zinkomfa zikhethekileyo eRashiya kulo mbandela. Ewe, sithetha ngee-K8, kwaye wonke umntu uyazifuna, kodwa akukho ndawo apho iinkampani ezininzi eziziqhelanisayo nazo ziqokelelana ndaweni nye. Ndibe ngomnye wabathathi-nxaxheba njengoko ndisebenza kwiqonga elisekelwe kwi-Kubernetes.
Malunga nombutho
Umlinganiselo wenkomfa uyamangalisa: abathathi-nxaxheba be-7000, iziko elikhulu lokubonisa. Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwelinye iholo ukuya kwelinye kuthathe imizuzu emi-5-7. Kwakukho iingxelo ezingama-30 kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye. Bekukho intaphane yeenkampani ezinezitendi zazo, ezinye bezinikezela ngezinto ezintle kakhulu kwaye ezinye zikhupha amabhaso amakhulu, kwaye bezinikezela ngazo zonke iintlobo zezinto ezikwimo ye T-shirts, iipeni kunye nezinye izinto ezintle. . Lonke unxibelelwano lwalungesiNgesi, kodwa andizange ndibe nabuphi na ubunzima. Ukuba oku kuphela kwesizathu sokuba ungayi kwiinkomfa zangaphandle, qhubeka. IsiNgesi kwi-IT silula kunesiqhelo sesiNgesi enkosi ngobuninzi bamagama aqhelekileyo owabhalayo kwaye ufunda yonke imihla ngekhowudi kunye namaxwebhu. Kananjalo akuzange kubekho zingxaki ngembono yeengxelo. Ulwazi oluninzi lwafakwa entlokweni yam. Ngokuhlwa, ndafana neseva apho bathatha ithuba lokuphuphuma kwebuffer kwaye bayigalela ngqo kwi-subconscious.
Malunga neengxelo
Ndifuna ukuthetha ngokufutshane malunga neengxelo endizithande kakhulu kwaye ndingancoma ukubukela.
Le ngxelo yandichukumisa kakuhle kuba yayichukumisa iintlungu ezininzi. Sineenkonzo ezininzi ezingafaniyo, zixhaswa kwaye ziphuhliswe ngabantu abahlukeneyo kwiqela. Silandela iziseko zophuhliso njengoko ikhowudi isondela, kodwa kukho imiba engekasonjululwa. Kukho indawo yokugcina kunye nekhowudi ye-Ansible, kodwa imeko yangoku kunye ne-inventory igcinwa ngumphuhlisi oqhuba iskripthi kumatshini, kwaye iikhredithi zikhona. Olunye ulwazi lunokufumaneka ngokudibana, kodwa akusoloko kucaca ukuba phi. Akukho ndawo apho unokucofa nje iqhosha kwaye yonke into iya kulunga. Kucetywayo ukwenza inkcazo kwaye ubeke kwindawo yokugcina ikhowudi kuphela, kodwa kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa. Chaza ukuba ungasifumana phi isimo kunye neekhredithi, yenza uFakelo kwaye wonwabele isiphumo. Ndingathanda ukuodola ngakumbi kwiinkonzo, ndiya kulandela ukukhutshwa kwe-CNAB, ndiyisebenzise ngokwam, ndiyiphumeze, kwaye ndibaqinisekise. Ipateni elungileyo yokuyila iReadme kwitheniphu.
Ulwazi oluninzi ngeraki xa ubhala abasebenzi. Ndicinga ukuba ingxelo kufuneka ibonwe kwabo baceba ukubhala owabo umqhubi weKubernetes. Zonke izinto ezifana nemigangatho, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, ukhuphiswano kunye nayo yonke enye into ithathelwa ingqalelo apho. Inolwazi kakhulu. Ndisithande kakhulu isicatshulwa esivela kwikhowudi ye-Kubernetes eqhubekayo:
I-K8s irhweba ngokuntsokotha ukudityaniswa ukuze kube lula ukuphumeza.
Le ngxelo ityhila ngokweenkcukacha enye yezinto eziphambili zokwakha zeqela - indiza yokulawula, eyisethi yabalawuli. Indima yabo kunye noyilo loyilo luchazwe, kunye nemigaqo esisiseko yokudala umlawuli wakho usebenzisa umzekelo wezinto ezikhoyo.
Elinye lawona manqaku aphambili sisindululo sokungazigqumezeli iimeko ezingaqhelekanga emva kokuziphatha okuchanekileyo komlawuli, kodwa ukuguqula indlela yokuziphatha ngandlela thile ukubonakalisa inkqubo yokuba iingxaki zivele.
Amava anomdla kakhulu, ulwazi oluninzi kunye neendlela zokupheka malunga nento okufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo xa unomsebenzi ophezulu ngokwenene. Bangena kwi-Kubernetes kakuhle kwaye baxhasa amaqela angama-50. Bathetha ngayo yonke imiba yokucudisa imveliso ephezulu. Ndincoma ukubukela ingxelo ngaphambi kokuba wenze naziphi na izigqibo zobugcisa kumaqela.
Ingxelo emva koko ndaqonda ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ndizame i-Loki kwiigodo kwi-cluster kwaye, mhlawumbi, ndihlale nayo. Undoqo: i-elastic inzima. UGrafana wayefuna ukuphuhlisa isisombululo esikhaphukhaphu, esinokwehla esilungele iingxaki zokulungisa ingxaki. Isisombululo siye sabonakala sisihle: U-Loki ukhetha ulwazi lwemeta oluvela ku-Kubernetes (iileyibhile, njenge-Prometheus), kwaye ubeka iinkuni ngokwazo. Ke, unokukhetha iziqwenga zelog ngenkonzo, fumana i-sub ethile, khetha ixesha elithile, hluza ngekhowudi yempazamo. Ezi zihluzo zisebenza ngaphandle kokukhangela okubhaliweyo okugcweleyo. Ke, ngokunciphisa kancinci uphendlo, ungafikelela kwimpazamo ethile oyifunayo. Ekugqibeleni, uphando lusasetyenziswa, kodwa ekubeni isangqa sincitshisiwe, isantya sanele ngaphandle kwesalathisi. Ngokucofa kuyo, umxholo ulayishiwe - isibini semigca ngaphambili kunye nemigca embalwa yelog emva. Ke, kukhangeleka ngathi kukukhangela ifayile eneelog kunye nokugxumeka kuyo, kodwa ilula ngakumbi kwaye ikwindlela efanayo apho iimethrikhi zikhoyo. Ibala inani lezehlo zombuzo wokukhangela. Imibuzo yokukhangela ngokwayo ifana nolwimi lwePrometheus kwaye ibonakala ilula. Isithethi satsalela ingqalelo yethu kwinto yokuba isisombululo asifanelekanga kakhulu kuhlalutyo. Ndiyincoma kakhulu kuye nabani na ofuna iinkuni, kulula kakhulu ukuyifunda.
Iinkqubo ze-canary kunye ne-blue-green deployment ziboniswa ngokucacileyo. Ndicebisa abo bangekaphefumlelwa ukuba bayibukele ingxelo. Izithethi ziya kubonisa isisombululo ngendlela yokwandiswa kwenkqubo ye-CI-CD ethembisayo ye-ARGO. Intetho yesiNgesi yesithethi esivela eRashiya kulula ukuyiphulaphula kunentetho yezinye izithethi.
Omnye weyona miba inzima kakhulu yolawulo lwamaqela ihleli imisela ukhuseleko, ingakumbi amalungelo okufikelela kwizibonelelo. I-K8s ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zikuvumela ukuba uqwalasele ugunyaziso ngokuthanda kwakho. Indlela yokubagcina ngokungenabuhlungu kumhla? Ukuqonda njani okwenzekayo ngamalungelo okufikelela kwaye ulungise iindima ezenziweyo? Le ngxelo ayinikezeli kuphela isishwankathelo sezixhobo ezininzi zogunyaziso lolungiso lweempazamo kwi-k8s, kodwa ikwabonelela ngeengcebiso ngokubanzi zokwakha imigaqo-nkqubo elula nesebenzayo.
Ezinye iingxelo
Andiyi kucebisa. Abanye babengabakhepteni, abanye, ngokuchaseneyo, babenzima kakhulu. Ndikucebisa ukuba utsibe kolu luhlu lokudlalayo kwaye ujonge yonke into ephawulwe njengenqaku eliphambili.Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ujonge ngokubanzi kwishishini elijikeleze i-Cloud Native Apps, kwaye ke kufuneka ucinezele u-ctrl+f kwaye ukhangele amagama aphambili, iinkampani, iimveliso kunye neendlela zomdla.
Nantsi ikhonkco kuluhlu lokudlala kunye neengxelo, nikela ingqalelo kuyo
Malunga nezitendi zenkampani
EHaproxy stand ndanikwa isikipa sonyana wam. Ndiyathandabuza ukuba ngenxa yoku ndiza kuthatha indawo ye-Nginx nge-haproxy kwimveliso, kodwa ndibakhumbula kakhulu. Ngubani owaziyo ukuba abanini abatsha baya kwenza ntoni ngeNginx.
Kwakukho iintetho ezimfutshane kwindawo ye-IBM zontathu iintsuku, kwaye batsalela abantu ngokurhwaphiliza i-Oculus Go, ii-headphone ze-Beats, kunye ne-quadcopter. Kwakufuneka ube kwindawo yokutyela isiqingatha seyure yonke. Kabini ngeentsuku ezintathu ndazama ithamsanqa lam - akuzange kwenzeke. I-VMWare kunye noMicrosoft nabo banike iintetho ezimfutshane.
Kwi-Ubuntu stand, ndenze oko wonke umntu ebebonakala ekwenza- ndithathe ifoto noShuttleworth. Umfana onobudlelwane, wavuya ukufunda ukuba bendiyisebenzisa ukususela ngo-8.04 kwaye umncedisi usebenze nayo iminyaka eyi-10 ngaphandle kokuphucula i-dist ngaphandle kwekhefu elinye (nangona ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-Intanethi).
Ubuntu busika iiMicroK8s-Ukukhawuleza, ukukhanya, uMphuhlisi oPhezulu uKubernetes
Andikwazanga ukudlula uDmitry Stolyarov odiniweyo, ndathetha naye malunga nobomi obunzima bemihla ngemihla yeenjineli ezixhasa uKubernetes. Uya kudlulisela ukufundwa kweengxelo kubalingane bakhe, kodwa ulungiselela indlela entsha yokubonisa imathiriyeli. Ndikubongoze ukuba ubhalise kwitshaneli yeFlant yeYouTube.
IBM, Cisco, Microsoft, VMWare ityale imali eninzi kwizitendi. Amaqabane omthombo ovulekileyo ayenezitendi ezindilisekileyo. Ndathetha nabameli baseGrafana kwistandi kwaye bandiqinisekisa ukuba mandizame uLoki. Ngokubanzi, kubonakala ngathi ukukhangela okubhaliweyo okugcweleyo kwinkqubo yokugawulwa kwemithi kuyadingeka kuphela kuhlalutyo, kwaye iinkqubo kwinqanaba le-Loki zanele ukulungisa ingxaki. Ndathetha nabaphuhlisi bePrometheus. Abacwangcisi ukwenza ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kweemethrikhi kunye nokuthoba idatha. Kucetyiswa ukuba ujonge i-cortex kunye ne-thanos njengesisombululo. Kwakukho iindawo ezininzi zokuma, kwathatha imini yonke ukubabona bonke. Ishumi elinesibini lezisombululo zokubeka iliso njengenkonzo. Iinkonzo zokhuseleko ezintlanu. Iinkonzo ezintlanu zokusebenza. Ishumi elinesibini leUIs zeKubernetes. Baninzi ababonelela ngeek8s njengenkonzo. Wonke umntu ufuna isiqwenga sakhe semarike.
I-Amazon kunye noGoogle baqesha iipatiyo ezinengca eyenziweyo eluphahleni kwaye bafake iindawo zokuhlala zelanga apho. I-Amazon yakhupha iimagi kwaye yagalela i-lemonade, kwaye kwindawo yokumisa yathetha ngezinto ezintsha zokusebenza kunye neziganeko. UGoogle wakhupha iikuki ezinophawu lweKubernetes kwaye wenza indawo yefoto epholileyo, kwaye kwindawo yokuma ndaloba iintlanzi ezinkulu zeshishini.
Malunga neBarcelona
Ndithandana neBarcelona. Ndandilapho okwesibini, okokuqala ngo-2012 kukhenketho lokubona indawo. Oku kuyamangalisa, kodwa iinyani ezininzi zafika engqondweni, ndakwazi ukuxelela oogxa bam kakhulu, ndingumkhokeli omncinci. Umoya ococekileyo wolwandle ngoko nangoko wandinceda ukuba ndingagungqi. Ukutya kwaselwandle okumnandi, paella, sangria. Ukufudumala kakhulu, i-architecture enelanga. Inani elincinci lemigangatho, uhlaza oluninzi. Sihambe malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-50 kwezi ntsuku zintathu, kwaye ndifuna ukujikeleza esi sixeko ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Konke oku emva kweengxelo, ngorhatya.
Yintoni eyona nto bendiyiqonda
Ndiyavuya kakhulu kuba ndifumene ithuba lokuzimasa le nkomfa. Wahlela ngokweeshelufu into ebingekalungiswa ngaphambili. Uye wandikhuthaza kwaye wazenza zacaca ezinye izinto.
Ingcinga yayibaleka njengomsonto obomvu: I-Kubernetes ayikho isiphelo, kodwa sisixhobo. Iqonga lokudala amaqonga.
Kwaye owona msebenzi uphambili wentshukumo yonke: yakha kwaye usebenzise usetyenziso olunokwehla
Iindlela ezingundoqo uluntu olusebenza kuzo ziye zaqaqamba. Ngokumalunga ne-12 imiba yezicelo evele ngexesha elinye, uluhlu lwento yokwenza kunye nendlela yokwenziwa kwiziseko zophuhliso xa lulonke lwavela. Ukuba uyafuna, ungabiza ezi ndlela:
- Ubume obunamandla
- Uluntu, umxube kunye namafu abucala
- Ikhonkco
- Umnatha wenkonzo
- Imicroservices
- Iziseko ezingundoqo ezingenakuguqulwa
- Declarative API
Obu buchule bukuvumela ukuba wakhe iinkqubo ezineempawu ezilandelayo:
- Ikhuselwe kwilahleko yedatha
- I-elastic (ilungisa ukulayisha)
- Uncedo
- Okuqaphelekayo (iintsika ezintathu: ukubeka iliso, ukugawulwa kwemithi, umkhondo)
- Ukubanakho ukukhupha utshintsho olukhulu rhoqo kwaye uqikeleleke ngokukhuselekileyo.
I-CNCF ikhetha ezona projekthi zibalaseleyo (uluhlu oluncinci) kwaye ikhuthaza ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- I-Smart Automation
- Vula Umnikezi
- Inkululeko yokukhetha umboneleli wenkonzo
I-Kubernetes inzima. Ilula ngokweengcamango namacandelo, kodwa intsonkothile iyonke. Akukho mntu ubonise isisombululo sayo yonke into. Imarike yee-k8s njengenkonzo, kwaye ngokwenene yonke imarike, ikwintshona yasendle: inkxaso ithengiswa ngazo zombini ii-$50 kunye ne-1000 yeedola ngenyanga. Wonke umntu ungena nzulu kwindawo ethile aze agrumbe kuyo. Ezinye zikuhlolo kunye needeshibhodi, ezinye zisebenza, ezinye zikukhuseleko.
K8S, yonke into isaqala!
umthombo: www.habr.com