Kuthatha ntoni ukuba inkampani ye-IT iphumelele ngo-2019? Abahlohli kwiinkomfa kunye neendibano bathetha amagama amaninzi angasoloko eqondakala kubantu abaqhelekileyo. Umzabalazo wexesha lokuthunyelwa, ii-microservices, ukulahlwa kwe-monolith, ukuguqulwa kwe-DevOps kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ukuba silahla ubuhle bomlomo kwaye sithethe ngokuthe ngqo kunye nesiRashiya, ngoko konke kuhla kwi-thesis elula: yenza umkhiqizo ophezulu, kwaye wenze ngokuthuthuzela kwiqela.
Le yokugqibela ibaluleke kakhulu. Ishishini lide lafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba inkqubo yophuhliso etofotofo yonyusa imveliso, kwaye ukuba yonke into ilungisiwe kwaye isebenza njengewotshi, ikwanika indawo yokuqhuba kwiimeko ezinzima. Kudala, ngenxa yolu buchule, umntu othile okrelekrele weza ne-backups, kodwa ishishini liyaphuhla, kwaye safika kwiinjineli ze-DevOps - abantu abajika inkqubo yokunxibelelana phakathi kophuhliso kunye neziseko zangaphandle zibe yinto eyaneleyo kwaye ayinxulumananga nobushamanism.
Eli bali lonke "imodyuli" liyamangalisa, kodwa ... Kwenzeka ukuba ezinye ii-admins zabizwa ngokukhawuleza ngokuthi i-DevOps, kunye neenjineli ze-DevOps ngokwabo zaqala ukufunwa ukuba ubuncinane bezakhono ze-telepathy kunye ne-clairvoyance.
Phambi kokuba sithethe ngeengxaki zale mihla zokubonelela ngeziseko ezingundoqo, masichaze ukuba sithetha ukuthini ngeli gama. Okwangoku, imeko iphuhliswe ngendlela yokuba sifikelele kumbini wale ngcamango: iziseko zophuhliso zinokungaphandle ngokwemiqathango kunye nemeko yangaphakathi.
Iziseko zangaphandle zibhekisa kuyo yonke into eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenkonzo okanye imveliso ephuhliswa liqela. Ezi ziquka iiseva zezicelo okanye zewebhusayithi, ukusingatha kunye nezinye iinkonzo eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Izibonelelo zangaphakathi zibandakanya iinkonzo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa liqela lophuhliso ngokwalo kunye nabanye abasebenzi, abadla ngokuba baninzi. Ezi ziseva zangaphakathi zeenkqubo zokugcina ikhowudi, umphathi wemisebenzi ebekwe kwindawo kunye nayo yonke into, yonke into, yonke into ekhoyo ngaphakathi kwe-intranet yenkampani.
Ngoko ke, yintoni eyenziwa ngumlawuli wenkqubo kwinkampani? Ngaphandle kokulawula i-intranet yenkampani, badla ngokuba noxanduva lokugcina izixhobo zeofisi zisemgangathweni. Umlawuli ngumntu okhawuleza athathe iyunithi entsha yenkqubo okanye ilaptop esele ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwigumbi elingasemva, anike ikhibhodi entsha, aze ajikeleze iiofisi ngazo zonke iindlela ezine, esebenzisa iintambo ze-Ethernet. Umlawuli ngumlawuli wengingqi kunye nenkosi kungekuphela nje kwiinkqubo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. abancedisi, kodwa nomphathi. Ewe, abanye abalawuli banokusebenza kuphela kwinqanaba lenkqubo, ngaphandle kwezixhobo zekhompyutha. Bafanele bahlulwe njengeqela elahlukileyo "labalawuli beenkqubo zeziseko zophuhliso." Abanye bagxile kuphela ekulungiseni izixhobo zeofisi; ngethamsanqa, ukuba inkampani inabantu abangaphezu kwekhulu, umsebenzi awupheli. Kodwa neengcali zeDevOps azipheli.
Ngoobani iDevOps? I-Devops ngabafana abathetha ngentsebenziswano yophuhliso lwesoftware kunye neziseko zangaphandle. Ngokuchanekileyo, ii-devops zanamhlanje zibandakanyeka kuphuhliso kunye neenkqubo zokusasaza nzulu kakhulu kune-admins abafake nje uhlaziyo kwi-ftp bakhe babandakanyeka. Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yeNjineli ye-DevOps ngoku kukuqinisekisa inkqubo etofotofo kunye neyakhiwe ngokufanelekileyo yokusebenzisana phakathi kwamaqela ophuhliso kunye neziseko zophuhliso lwemveliso. Ngaba bantu banoxanduva lokuthumela umva kunye neenkqubo zokusasaza; ngaba bantu bathatha omnye umthwalo abaphuhlisi kwaye bagxile kangangoko banako kumsebenzi wabo obaluleke kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, iidevops azinakuze ziqhube intambo entsha okanye zikhuphe ilaptop entsha ukusuka kwigumbi elingasemva (c) KO
Yintoni oyibambileyo?
Kumbuzo othi "Ngubani i-DevOps?" isiqingatha sabasebenzi entsimini siqala ukuphendula into efana "Ewe, ngokufutshane, lo ngumlawuli ..." kwaye ngakumbi kwisicatshulwa. Ewe, kanye ngexesha, xa ubunjineli be-DevOps bebuvele buvela kubalawuli abanetalente kakhulu malunga nokugcinwa kwenkonzo, ukungafani phakathi kwabo kwakungabonakali kuwo wonke umntu. Kodwa ngoku, xa imisebenzi ye-devops kunye ne-admin kwiqela iye yahluke kakhulu, akwamkelekanga ukubabhidanisa omnye nomnye, okanye nokubalinganisa.
Kodwa oku kuthetha ntoni kwishishini?
Ukuqesha, yonke into malunga nayo.
Uvula isithuba se "System Administrator", kwaye iimfuno ezidweliswe apho "intsebenziswano kunye nophuhliso kunye nabathengi", "inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kweCI / CD", "ukugcinwa kweeseva zenkampani kunye nezixhobo", "ulawulo lweenkqubo zangaphakathi" njalo njalo. kwi; uqonde ukuba umqeshi uthetha ububhanxa. Ukubamba kukuba endaweni ye "System Administrator" isihloko sesithuba kufuneka sibe "iNjineli ye-DevOps", kwaye ukuba esi sihloko sitshintshiwe, ngoko yonke into iyangena.
Noko ke, ubani ufumana ntoni xa efunda isithuba esinjalo? Ukuba inkampani ijonge umqhubi womatshini omninzi oza kuhambisa zombini inkqubo yolawulo lwenguqulelo kunye nenkqubo yokubeka iliso kwaye uya kucudisa i-twister ngamazinyo akhe ...
Kodwa ukuze unganyusi iqondo lokusebenzisa iziyobisi kwimarike yomsebenzi, kwanele ukubiza izithuba ngamagama abo afanelekileyo kwaye uqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba injineli ye-DevOps kunye nomlawuli wenkqubo zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa umnqweno ongenakuthintelwa wabanye abaqeshi ukunikezela uluhlu olubanzi lweemfuno kumgqatswa ukhokelela kwinto yokuba abalawuli benkqubo "yakudala" bayayeka ukuqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngakubo. Yintoni, umsebenzi uyaguquka kwaye basemva kwamaxesha?
Hayi hayi kwaye elinye ixesha hayi. Abalawuli beziseko ezingundoqo abaza kulawula iiseva zangaphakathi zenkampani, okanye bathathe izikhundla zenkxaso ye-L2 / L3 kwaye bancede abanye abasebenzi, abazange bahambe kwaye abayi kuhamba.
Ngaba ezi ngcali zinokuba ziinjineli zeDevOps? Ewe banako. Enyanisweni, le yindawo ehambelanayo efuna izakhono zokulawula inkqubo, kodwa ngaphezu koku, sebenza ngokubeka iliso, iinkqubo zokuhambisa kunye, ngokubanzi, ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo kunye nophuhliso kunye neqela lokuvavanya longezwa.
Enye ingxaki ye-DevOps
Ngapha koko, yonke into ayiphelelanga ekuqeshweni nasekubhidekeni rhoqo phakathi kwe-admins kunye ne-devops. Ngexesha elithile, ishishini lalijongene nengxaki yokuhambisa ukuhlaziywa kunye nokusebenzisana kweqela lophuhliso kunye neziseko zokugqibela.
Mhlawumbi kwakuxa umalume owayenamehlo aqaqambileyo wema eqongeni lenkomfa ethile wathi, “Siyenza le nto siyibiza ngokuba yiDevOps. Aba bantu baya kusombulula zonke iingxaki zakho "- kwaye waqala ukuxelela indlela ubomi obuhle ngayo kwinkampani emva kokuphumeza izenzo ze-DevOps.
Nangona kunjalo, akwanelanga ukuqesha injineli ye-DevOps ukwenza yonke into isebenze njengoko kufanelekile. Inkampani kufuneka yenze utshintsho olupheleleyo lwe-DevOps, oko kukuthi, indima kunye nobuchule be-DevOps yethu kufuneka iqondwe ngokucacileyo kwicala lophuhliso lwemveliso kunye neqela lovavanyo. Sinebali "elimangalisayo" malunga nesi sihloko esibonisa ngokupheleleyo yonke inkohlakalo eyenzekayo kwezinye iindawo.
Imeko. I-DevOps iyafuneka ukuba ifake inkqubo yokubuyisela umva ngaphandle kokujonga ukuba iza kusebenza njani. Masicinge ukuba ngaphakathi kwesixokelelwano sabasebenzisi kukho iindawo ezahlukeneyo zegama lokuqala, ifani kunye negama lokugqitha. Inguqu entsha yemveliso iphuma, kodwa kubaphuhlisi, "i-rollback" yinto nje yomlingo eya kulungisa yonke into, kwaye abazi nokuba isebenza njani. Ngoko, umzekelo, kwisiqwenga esilandelayo abaphuhlisi badibanisa imimandla yegama lokuqala kunye neyokugqibela, bayigqithise kwimveliso, kodwa uguqulelo lucotha ngenxa yesizathu esithile. Kwenzeka ntoni? Ulawulo luza kwi-devops kwaye luthi "Tsalela iswitshi!", Oko kukuthi, umcela ukuba abuyele kuguqulelo lwangaphambili. Zenza ntoni iidevops? Ibuyela umva kuguqulelo lwangaphambili, kodwa ekubeni abaphuhlisi bengafuni ukubona ukuba yenziwe njani le rollback, akukho mntu uxelele iqela le-devops ukuba i-database nayo ifuna ukubuyiswa. Ngenxa yoko, yonke into iyasiphazamisa, kwaye endaweni yewebhusayithi epholileyo, abasebenzisi babona iphutha "500", kuba inguqulo endala ayisebenzi kunye nemimandla yedatha entsha. UDevops akazi ngale nto. Abaphuhlisi bathe cwaka. Abaphathi baqala ukuphulukana nemithambo kunye nemali kwaye bakhumbula ii-backups, benikezela ngokubuyela umva kubo ukuze "ubuncinci into isebenze." Ngenxa yoko, abasebenzisi balahlekelwa yiyo yonke idatha yabo ngexesha elithile.
Amantongomane, ngokuqinisekileyo, aya kwi-devops, "engazange yenze inkqubo efanelekileyo yokubuyisela," kwaye akukho mntu ukhathalele ukuba i-moose kweli bali ngabaphuhlisi.
Isiphetho silula: ngaphandle kwendlela eqhelekileyo kwi-DevOps njengoko kunjalo, ayisebenzi kangako.
Into ephambili ekufuneka uyikhumbule: injineli ye-DevOps ayingomlingo, kwaye ngaphandle konxibelelwano olusemgangathweni kunye nokusebenzisana kweendlela ezimbini kunye nophuhliso, akayi kuhlangabezana nemisebenzi yakhe. I-Devs ayinakushiywa yodwa kunye "neengxaki" zayo okanye inikwe umyalelo othi "musa ukuphazamisana nabaphuhlisi, umsebenzi wabo kukwenza ikhowudi," kwaye banethemba lokuba ngexesha elinzima yonke into iya kusebenza njengoko kufanele. Akunjalo indlela esebenza ngayo.
Ngokusisiseko, i-DevOps inobuchule kumda phakathi kolawulo kunye netekhnoloji. Ngaphezu koko, kukude kucace ukuba kufuneka kubekho itekhnoloji engaphezulu kunolawulo kule cocktail. Ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukwakha iinkqubo zophuhliso ezikhawulezayo nezisebenzayo, kuya kufuneka uthembe iqela lakho le-devops. Uyazazi izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, uye wasebenzisa iiprojekthi ezifanayo, uyazi ukuba angayenza njani. Mncede, uphulaphule isiluleko sakhe, ungazami ukumhlukanisa nolunye uhlobo lweyunithi yokuzimela. Ukuba ii-admins zinokuzisebenzela ngokwazo, ke i-devops ayinamsebenzi kule meko, abayi kukwazi ukukunceda ukuba ube ngcono ukuba awufuni ukwamkela olu ncedo.
Kwaye enye into yokugqibela: yeka ukukhubekisa abalawuli beziseko zophuhliso. Banezabo, ezibaluleke kakhulu phambi komsebenzi. Ewe, umlawuli unokuba yinjineli ye-DevOps, kodwa oku kufuneka kwenzeke ngesicelo somntu ngokwakhe, kwaye kungabi phantsi koxinzelelo. Kwaye akukho nto iphosakeleyo kwinto yokuba umlawuli wenkqubo ufuna ukuhlala engumlawuli wenkqubo - lo ngumsebenzi wakhe owahlukileyo kunye nelungelo lakhe. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza utshintsho lobuchwephesha, awusoze ulibale ukuba kuya kufuneka wakhe kungekuphela nje izakhono zetekhnoloji, kodwa nezolawulo. Ngokunokwenzeka, kuya kuba kukuwe njengenkokeli ukuhlanganisa bonke aba bantu uze ubafundise ukunxibelelana ngolwimi olunye.
umthombo: www.habr.com
