Iindawo zokugcina iDNA azikakulungeli ukufikelela kubantu abaninzi, kodwa ezinye iingcali ukuba imeko iya kutshintsha kwixesha elizayo elingekude. Ziyanda iinkampani eziqalisa ukulungisa lo mba.
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Kutheni kusetyenziswa iindawo zokugcina iDNA?
Ngu Cambridge Consultants, iidrives kungekudala azisayi kuphinda zijongane neemfuno eziguqukayo zokugcina kunye nokusebenza kunye nomthamo okhulayo wedatha kumaziko edatha. Inani leengcali zoshishino lwe-IT ziqinisekile ukuba isisombululo silele ekuphuhliseni enye imithombo yeendaba.
Xa kuziwa ekushicileleni ukurekhoda, iNdalo ukuba yonke idatha yehlabathi ingabhalwa kwisitoreji se-DNA esinobunzima bekhilogram enye. Ngokuphathelele ubomi bokuqhuba ngolo hlobo, inokufikelela (ngokoqikelelo olwahlukeneyo) okanye minyaka.
Esinye isizathu sokuba iingcali zithathele ingqalelo ukugcinwa kwe-DNA njengento ethembisayo kukuhla kweendleko rhoqo zokurekhoda idatha kule ndlela. Ukuba ngo-2002 iindleko zokubhala umlingiswa omnye kwi-molecule yayiyi-$ 10, ngoko ngo-2016 yayiyi-$ 0,05. Ukuba lo mkhwa uyaqhubeka kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, iteknoloji iya kungenisa i-niche entsha kwimarike yokugcina idatha. Ngokumalunga , ingeniso yonyaka yecandelo lokugcina iDNA inokufikelela kumakhulu ezigidi zeerandi kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo.
Ngubani owenza iindawo zokugcina iDNA?
Isithembiso esiphakathi sitsala iinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT eziqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwindawo yokugcina idatha. Umzekelo, Microsoft sungula indawo yokugcina iDNA ngo-2020. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iingcali zenkampani sele ziphumelele kwi-DNA eyenziweyo iiheliksi ezingama-200 zedatha kwaye zifikelela kwisantya sokubhala se-400 bytes ngomzuzwana. Uphuhliso olutsha luya kuphucula ezi zalathisi, nangona okwangoku kufuneka sithethe malunga nofakelo olukhulu lokugcinwa kwedatha, oomatshini ikopi endala ukusuka 70s kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.
Enye inkampani ephuhlisa ukugcinwa kweDNA ibizwa ngokuba yiCatalog. Oku kuqalwa ilebhu yeemodyuli, ubungakanani bebhasi. Ixhotyiswe ngokukhawuleza ngayo yonke into eyimfuneko yokwenziwa kwee-molecule ze-DNA kunye nokugcinwa kwazo okungakumbi. Ufakelo lucetywa ukuqalisa ukuthengisa ngo-2021.
Iinjineli zebhayoloji zikwanomdla kubuchwephesha. Okunokwenzeka kugcino lweDNA Unjingalwazi waseHarvard uGeorge Church. Yena kunye noogxa bakhe bafuna ukuqalisa ukudala ikhamera ekhethekileyo "yebhayoloji". Akuyi kubakho zixhobo ze-elektroniki okanye zoomatshini, kwaye iifoto okanye iividiyo ziya kugcinwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiimolekyuli zeDNA.
Enye iprojekthi kule ndawo yi-SGI-DNA. Iqela Umshicileli weDNA othelekiseka ngokobukhulu kunye nesixhobo esiqhelekileyo seofisi. Inkqubo sele isetyenziselwa ukuprinta iimolekyuli zophando lwebhayoloji kunye nonyango. Kodwa abaphuhlisi baceba ukusebenzisa umshicileli ukufaka ulwazi kwiDNA.
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Ukujika umva kwengqekembe
Kukho nezimvo ezilumkileyo ngakumbi kwishishini le-IT malunga nendawo entsha yokugcina. Ngu , kuya kuthatha amashumi eminyaka ukuba iteknoloji yande.
Isizathu sokuqala - ixabiso lokurekhoda. Nangona iye yancipha kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukugcina idatha kwiimolekyuli kusabiza kakhulu: ukurekhoda ifayile ye-megabyte enye kwi-DNA, kuya kufuneka uchithe malunga namawaka asibhozo eedola.
Isizathu sesibini - isantya sokurekhoda idatha ephantsi. Microsoft kunye namaqabane 400 bytes ngesekhondi. Kodwa ngokutsho kweenjineli zenkampani, ukusabalalisa ngobuninzi betekhnoloji, i-throughput kufuneka ibe yi-100 MB / s.
Isizathu sesithathu - iingxaki ezinokubakho ngokhuseleko lolwazi. Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington sele benayo , ukuba enoba kwenzeka ntoni na, iintsholongwane zekhompyutha zinokugcinwa kwimolekyuli yeDNA. Kwixesha elizayo, oku kuya kunika abahlaseli ithuba lokwazisa i-malware kuthungelwano lweelebhu ezikhethekileyo kunye nokunciphisa indawo yokugcina kunye neenkcukacha zomntu.
Iindlela ezizezinye kugcino lweDNA
Kuselithuba kakhulu ukuthetha malunga nokwaziswa ngobuninzi bokugcinwa kwe-DNA, ngoko ke inani leenkampani liphuhlisa enye indlela kunye nokuphucula iteknoloji ekhoyo. Enye yazo yiteyiphu yamagnetic. Isetyenziswe kumaziko edatha yokugcina idatha yogcino iminyaka emininzi. Ubomi bayo benkonzo bufikelela iminyaka. Nangona ayinabo ubomi obude obufanayo njenge-DNA, i-tape inobomi obude beshelufu kune-hard drives kunye ne-slid-state drives. Le yokugqibela ihlala ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi. Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo yeteyipu yindleko. Iindleko zokugcina imemori yegigabyte iisenti nje ezimbini.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, i-magnetic tape isasetyenziswa ziinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT, ngakumbi i-IBM. Ngu abameli be-IT giant, le midiya iya kusetyenziswa kumaziko edatha ubuncinane kude kube yi-2030.
Enye indlela yesibini yokugcina i-DNA yi-nanostructures. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-2016, iinjineli ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseDelft ipleyiti yobhedu kumphezulu apho kwakhiwa ileti yeeathom zeklorini. Ngokutshintsha indawo "yemingxuma" kwi-lattice, ababhali bafake iikhowudi kwiintambo. Kwisentimitha enye yesikwere sobuso bezinto ezinjalo kuya kwenzeka ukuba urekhode ukuya kwii-terabytes ezilishumi zedatha.
Enye iteknoloji ehambelana ne-nanostructures Izazinzulu zaseTshayina kwi-2018. Sithetha ngefilimu ye<em>titanium dioxide nesilivere, ecekeceke izihlandlo ezingama-80 kuneenwele zomntu. Kule meko, ulwazi lugcinwe kwi-nanoparticles eguqula umbala xa ibonakaliswe kwi-laser beam.
Ngokutsho kwabadali beteknoloji, isiqwenga sefilimu esilinganisa i-10x10 centimeters sinokugcina iwaka ledatha ngaphezu kweDVD disc. Ngelo xesha, isantya sokurekhoda kwi-drive enjalo sifikelela kwi-gigabytes ngomzuzwana.
Iiposti ezivela kwibhlog yethu:
umthombo: www.habr.com
