Uphononongo lwe-Kubecost lokonga imali kwi-Kubernetes emafini

Okwangoku, ngakumbi nangakumbi iinkampani zidlulisela iziseko zazo zoncedo ukusuka kwiiseva zehardware kunye noomatshini babo benyani kwilifu. Esi sisombululo silula ukucacisa: akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka malunga ne-hardware, i-cluster iqwalaselwe ngokulula ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ... kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iteknoloji ekhoyo (efana ne-Kubernetes) yenza kube lula ukulinganisa amandla e-computing ngokuxhomekeke kumthwalo. .

Umba wemali uhlala ubalulekile. Isixhobo esixutyushwa kweli nqaku senzelwe ukunceda ukunciphisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali xa usebenzisa iziseko zamafu kunye neKubernetes.

Intshayelelo

Kubecost sisiqalo seCalifornian esivela kuGoogle, ukudala isisombululo sokubala iindleko zeziseko kwiinkonzo zefu (ngaphakathi kweqela le-Kubernetes + izibonelelo ezabelwana ngazo), ukukhangela iibhotile kwiindawo zeqela kunye nokuthumela izaziso ezifanelekileyo kwi-Slack.

Sinabathengi kunye ne-Kubernetes zombini kwii-AWS eziqhelekileyo kunye namafu e-GCP, kwaye, ngokungaqhelekanga kuluntu lwe-Linux, i-Azure - ngokubanzi, kuwo onke amaqonga axhaswa yi-Kubecost. Kwabanye babo, sibala iindleko zeenkonzo ze-intra-cluster ngokwethu (sisebenzisa indlela efana naleyo isetyenziswa yi-Kubecost), kwaye sibeke iliso kwiindleko zeziseko ezingundoqo kwaye sizame ukuziphucula. Ngoko ke, kusengqiqweni ukuba sibe nomdla kumathuba okwenza imisebenzi enjalo ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ikhowudi yomthombo wemodyuli ephambili ye-Kubecost ivuliwe phantsi kwemiqathango yelayisensi yoMthombo oVulekileyo (i-Apache License 2.0). Ingasetyenziswa ngokukhululekileyo kwaye iimpawu ezikhoyo kufuneka zanele kwiiprojekthi ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lishishini: yonke imveliso ivaliwe, inokusetyenziswa ngu imirhumo ehlawulweyo, ekwathetha inkxaso yorhwebo. Ukongezelela, ababhali banikezela ilayisenisi yamahhala kumaqela amancinci (i-1 iqoqo elinama-nodes angama-10 - ngexesha lokubhalwa kweli nqaku, lo mda uye wanda ukuya kuma-nodes angama-20) okanye ixesha lelingo elinamandla apheleleyo kwinyanga ye-1.

Indlela yonke into esebenza ngayo

Ke, eyona nxalenye iphambili yeKubecost sisicelo ixabiso-imodeli, ebhalwe kwiGo. Itshathi yeHelm echaza yonke inkqubo ibizwa cost-analyzer kwaye kumbindi wayo yindibano evela kwimodeli yeendleko kunye nePrometheus, iGrafana kunye needeshibhodi ezininzi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, imodeli yeendleko ine-interface yayo yewebhu, ebonisa iigrafu kunye neenkcukacha ezicacileyo kwiindleko kwifom yetheyibhile, kunye, ngokuqinisekileyo, iingcebiso zokuphucula iindleko. Iideshibhodi ezithiwe thaca eGrafana zilinqanaba langaphambili ekuphuhlisweni kweKubecost kwaye ziqulathe idatha efanayo njengemodeli yeendleko, ezongezeleleka ngamanani aqhelekileyo okusetyenziswa kwe-CPU/inkumbulo/inethiwekhi/indawo yediski kwiqela kunye namacandelo ayo. .

Isebenza njani iKubecost?

• Iindleko-imodeli ifumana amaxabiso eenkonzo nge-API yababoneleli belifu.
• Ukuqhubela phambili, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsimbi ye-node kunye nommandla, iindleko ze-node nganye zibalwa.
• Ngokusekelwe kwiindleko zokuqhuba ii-nodes, i-pod yeqabunga ngalinye ifumana ixabiso ngeyure yokusetyenziswa kwe-CPU, i-gigabyte yememori esetyenzisiweyo, kunye neyure nganye yedatha egciniweyo - ngokuxhomekeke kwi-node eyayisebenza kuyo okanye iklasi yokugcina.
• Ngokusekelwe kwindleko yokusebenza kweepod zomntu ngamnye, intlawulo ibalwa kwiindawo zamagama, iinkonzo, i-Deployments, i-StatefulSets.
• Izibalo zibalwa kusetyenziswa iimetrics ezibonelelwe yi-kube-state-metrics kunye node-exporter.

Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela loo Kubecost ngokungagqibekanga ubala izixhobo ezifumanekayo kwi Kubernetes. Oovimba beenkcukacha zangaphandle, iiseva ze-GitLab, ii-S3 zokugcina kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezingekho kwiqela (nokuba zibekwe kwilifu elifanayo) azibonakali kuyo. Nangona kwi-GCP kunye ne-AWS unokongeza izitshixo zeakhawunti yakho yenkonzo kwaye ubale yonke into kunye.

isicwangciso

I-Kubecost ifuna:

• I-Kubernetes version 1.8 nangaphezulu;
• kube-state-metrics;
• Prometheus;
• indawo-ngaphandle.

Kwenzekile ukuba kumaqela ethu zonke ezi meko zahlangatyezwa kwangaphambili, ngoko ke kwakwanele ukucacisa nje isiphelo esichanekileyo sokufikelela kwi-Prometheus. Nangona kunjalo, itshathi ye-kubecost Helm esemthethweni iqulethe yonke into oyifunayo ukuze usebenze kwiqela elingenanto.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufaka iKubecost:

1. Indlela yokuhlohla esemgangathweni echazwe kwi imiyalelo kwiwebhusayithi yomphuhlisi efunekayo yongeza i-cost-analyzer repository kwiHelm, uze ufake itshathi. Ekuphela kwento eseleyo kukuthumela izibuko lakho kwaye uhlengahlengise izicwangciso ukuya kwimeko oyifunayo ngesandla (ngekubectl) kunye/okanye usebenzisa ujongano lwewebhu lwexabiso.

   Asizange sizame le ndlela, ekubeni singasebenzisi ulungelelwaniso olwenziwa ngumntu wesithathu, kodwa lukhangeleka ngathi lulungile "zama nje wena" ukhetho. Ukuba sele unamalungu enkqubo efakiweyo okanye ufuna ukulungiswa kakuhle, kungcono ukuqwalasela umendo wesibini.

2. Sebenzisa ngokwenyani itshathi efanayo, kodwa yilungise kwaye uyifake ngokwakho nangayiphi na indlela efanelekileyo.

   Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ukongeza kwi-kubecost ngokwayo, le tshati iqulethe iitshathi zeGrafana kunye nePrometheus, ezinokuthi zenziwe ngokwezifiso njengoko zifunwa.

   Ifumaneka kwitshathi values.yaml Umhlalutyi weendleko ikuvumela ukuba uqwalasele:

   • uluhlu lwamacandelo e-cost-analyzer ekufuneka ahanjiswe;
   • isiphelo sakho sePrometheus (ukuba sele unayo);
   • imimandla kunye nezinye iisetingi zokungena kwimodeli yeendleko kunye neGrafana;
   • amanqakwana eepods;
   • imfuneko yokusebenzisa ukugcinwa okusisigxina kunye nobukhulu bayo.

   Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenketho zoqwalaselo ezikhoyo kunye neenkcazo luyafumaneka kwi amaxwebhu.

   Kuba i-kubecost kuguqulelo lwayo olusisiseko ingenako ukuthintela ufikelelo, kuya kufuneka uqwalasele ngoko nangoko isiseko-auth seqela lewebhu.

3. Faka ifayile kuphela undoqo wenkqubo - imodeli yeendleko. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ube nePrometheus efakwe kwiqela kwaye uchaze ixabiso elihambelanayo ledilesi yayo kuguquko. prometheusEndpoint yeHelm. Emva koko - sebenzisa isethi yolungelelwaniso lwe-YAML kwiqela.

   Kwakhona, kuya kufuneka wongeze ngesandla i-Ingress nge-basic-auth. Okokugqibela, kuya kufuneka wongeze icandelo lokuqokelela ixabiso lemodeli yeemetrikhi extraScrapeConfigs kuqwalaselo lwePrometheus:

   - job_name: kubecost
     honor_labels: true
     scrape_interval: 1m
     scrape_timeout: 10s
     metrics_path: /metrics
     scheme: http
     dns_sd_configs:
     - names:
       - <адрес вашего сервиса kubecost>
       type: 'A'
       port: 9003

Sifumana ntoni?

Ngofakelo olupheleleyo, sinayo i-kubecost kunye nephaneli yewebhu yaseGrafana eneseti yeedeshibhodi.

Iindleko ezipheleleyo, eboniswe kwisikrini esikhulu, ngokwenene ibonisa ixabiso eliqikelelweyo lezibonelelo zenyanga. Oku qikelelwa ixabiso elibonisa iindleko zokusebenzisa iqela (ngenyanga) kwinqanaba langoku lokusetyenziswa kobutyebi.

Le metric ingaphezulu yokuhlalutya iindleko kunye nokuzilungiselela. Akulunganga kakhulu ukujonga iindleko zizonke ze-abstract kaJulayi nge-kubecost: kuya kufuneka yiya kwi-billing. Kodwa ungazibona iindleko ezicatshulwe ngezithuba zamagama, iilebhile, iipod zeentsuku ze-1/2/7/30/90, intlawulo engasoze ikubonise.

Ethetha ngayo iileyibhile. Kuya kufuneka uye kwangoko kuseto kwaye usete amagama eelebhile aza kusetyenziswa njengeendidi ezongezelelweyo ukulungiselela iindleko zokwahlulahlula:

Ungaxhoma naziphi na iileyibhile kuzo - zilungele ukuba sele unenkqubo yakho yokuleyibhela.

Kwakhona apho unokutshintsha idilesi yesiphelo se-API apho imodeli yeendleko idibanisa, lungisa ubungakanani besaphulelo kwi-GCP kwaye usete amaxabiso akho kwizibonelelo kunye nemali yokulinganisa kwabo (ngesizathu esithile isici asichaphazeli iindleko ezipheleleyo).

I-Kubecost ingabonisa ezahlukeneyo iingxaki kwiqela (kwaye ulumke xa kukho ingozi). Ngelishwa, ukhetho alulungiselelwanga, kwaye ke, ukuba unemeko-bume yabaphuhlisi kwaye uyisebenzise, ​​uya kuhlala ubona into enje:

Isixhobo esibalulekileyo - Ugcino lweCluster. Ilinganisa umsebenzi weepods (ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo, kubandakanywa nenethiwekhi), kwaye ibala ukuba yimalini kunye nento onokuyigcina.

Kungabonakala ngathi iingcebiso zokuphucula zicacile, kodwa amava acebisa ukuba kusekho into ekufuneka ijongwe. Ngokukodwa, umsebenzi womnatha we-pods ujongwe (i-Kubecost icebisa ukunikela ingqalelo kwizinto ezingasebenziyo), imemori eceliweyo kunye neyokwenyani kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-CPU kuthelekiswa, kunye ne-CPU esetyenziswa ngamaqhuqhuva eqela (icebisa ukudilika kweenodi ezininzi kwelinye), idiski. umthwalo kunye nesibini seeparamitha ezingaphezulu.

Njengawo nawuphi na umba wokuphucula, ukongeza izixhobo ezisekwe kwidatha yeKubecost kufuna: phatha ngononophelo. Ngokomzekelo, i-Cluster Savings icebisa ukucima i-nodes, ibango lokuba ikhuselekile, kodwa ayithatheli ingqalelo ubukho bee-node-selectors kunye neengcoliseko ezifakwe kuzo ezingafumanekiyo kwezinye iindawo. Kwaye ngokubanzi, kwanababhali bemveliso kwabo inqaku lakutshanje (ngendlela, kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwabo banomdla kwisihloko seprojekthi) kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungangxami ukuya phambili ekuphuculeni iindleko, kodwa ujongane nomcimbi ngokucinga.

Iziphumo

Emva kokusebenzisa i-becost inyanga kwiiprojekthi ezimbalwa, sinokugqiba kwelokuba oku kunomdla (kwaye kulula ukuyifunda nokuyifaka) isixhobo sokuhlalutya kunye nokuphucula iindleko zeenkonzo zababoneleli belifu ezisetyenziselwa amaqela eKubernetes. Izibalo ziye zachaneka kakhulu: kwiimvavanyo zethu ziye zangqamana noko bekufunwa ngababoneleli.

Kukwakho ukuhla: kukho iibhugi ezingabalulekanga, kwaye kwezinye iindawo ukusebenza akuquki iimfuno ezithile kwiiprojekthi ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza apho imali iya khona kwaye yintoni "enokunqunyulwa" ukwenzela ukunciphisa ngokuqhubekayo i-bill yeenkonzo zefu nge-5-30% (oku kwenzekayo kwimeko yethu), oku kuyindlela enkulu. .

PS

Funda nakwibhlog yethu:

• «I-autoscaling kunye nolawulo lwezibonelelo kwi-Kubernetes (uphononongo kunye nengxelo yevidiyo)";
• «I-Kubernetes adventure Dailymotion: ukudala iziseko ezingundoqo emafini + kwindawo";
• «Iingcebiso ze-Kubernetes kunye namaqhinga: malunga nolwabiwo lwe-node kunye nemithwalo yesicelo sewebhu».

umthombo: www.habr.com