Molweni nonke. Eli nqaku libhalelwe abo basakrazukileyo phakathi kokukhetha iiplatifomu ze-virtualization kwaye emva kokufunda inqaku kuthotho "Sifake i-proxmox kwaye ngokubanzi yonke into ilungile, iminyaka emi-6 yexesha ngaphandle kwekhefu elinye." Kodwa emva kokufaka esinye okanye esinye isisombululo esingaphandle kwebhokisi, umbuzo uvela: ndingayilungisa njani le nto apha, ukwenzela ukuba ukubeka iliso kuqondakala ngakumbi, kwaye apha, ukulawula ii-backups .... Kwaye ke ixesha liyeza kwaye uyaqonda ukuba ufuna into esebenzayo ngakumbi, okanye ufuna ukuba yonke into ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yakho icace, kwaye hayi le bhokisi emnyama, okanye ufuna ukusebenzisa into engaphezulu kwe-hypervisor kunye neqela loomatshini benyani. Eli nqaku liza kuqulatha ezinye iingcamango kunye nokuziqhelanisa ngokusekelwe kwiqonga le-Opennebula - ndiyikhethile ngenxa yokuba. ayifuni kwizibonelelo kwaye i-architecture ayintsokothanga kangako.
Kwaye ke, njengoko sibona, abaninzi ababoneleli befu basebenza kwi-kvm kwaye benze uxhulumaniso lwangaphandle kumatshini wokulawula. Kucacile ukuba iihostele ezinkulu zibhala izikhokelo zazo zeziseko zelifu, i-YANDEX efanayo umzekelo. Umntu usebenzisa i-openstack kwaye wenza uxhulumaniso kwesi siseko - SELECTEL, MAIL.RU. Kodwa ukuba unayo i-hardware yakho kunye nabasebenzi abancinci beengcali, ngoko udla ngokukhetha into esele yenziwe-i-VMWARE, i-HYPER-V, kukho iilayisensi ezikhululekile kunye neentlawulo, kodwa ayisiyiyo le nto sithetha ngayo ngoku. Makhe sithethe ngabantu abanomdla- aba ngabo bangoyikiyo ukunikela kwaye bazame into entsha, ngaphandle kwento yokuba inkampani yayibeka yacaca, "Ngubani oza kuyenza le nto emva kwakho," "Ngaba siza kuyikhupha kamva kwimveliso? ? Uyoyikeka." Kodwa unokuqala ukusebenzisa ezi zisombululo kwibhentshi yokuvavanya, kwaye ukuba wonke umntu uyayithanda, ngoko unokuphakamisa umbuzo wophuhliso olongezelelweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzulu.
Kwakhona nantsi ikhonkco kwingxelo ukusuka kumthathi-nxaxheba osebenzayo kuphuhliso lweli qonga.
Mhlawumbi kweli nqaku into iya kuba yinto engafanelekanga kwaye sele iyaqondakala kwingcali enamava, kwaye kwezinye iimeko andiyi kuchaza yonke into kuba imiyalelo efanayo kunye neenkcazo zifumaneka kwi-Intanethi. La ngamava am nje ngeli qonga. Ndiyathemba ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba abakhutheleyo baya kongeza kwizimvo ezinokuthi zenziwe ngcono kwaye zeziphi iimpazamo endizenzileyo. Zonke izenzo zenzeke kwindawo yokuma yasekhaya equkethe iiPC ezi-3 ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona, andizange ndibonise ukuba le software isebenza njani kunye nendlela yokuyifaka. Hayi, ngamava olawulo kuphela kunye neengxaki endidibene nazo. Mhlawumbi oku kuya kuba luncedo kumntu ozikhethelayo.
Ngoko, masiqalise. Njengomlawuli wenkqubo, la manqaku alandelayo abalulekile kum, ngaphandle kokuba ndingenakwenzeka ukuba ndisebenzise esi sisombululo.
1. Ufakelo lokuphinda-phinda
Mininzi imiyalelo yokufaka i-opennebula, akufuneki kubekho naziphi na iingxaki. Ukusuka kwinguqulelo ukuya kuguqulelo, iifitsha ezintsha ziyavela ezingahlali zisebenza xa usuka kwinguqulelo ukuya kwinguqulelo.
2. Ukubeka iliso
Siza kubeka iliso kwi-node ngokwayo, i-kvm kunye ne-opennebula. Ngethamsanqa, sele ilungile. Kukho iinketho ezininzi malunga nokubeka iliso kwinginginya zeLinux, iZabbix efanayo okanye i-node ukuthumela ngaphandle - nabani na othanda okungcono - okwangoku ndiyichaza njengeemetrics zenkqubo yokubeka iliso (ubushushu apho bunokulinganiswa khona, ukuhambelana koluhlu lwediski), ngokusebenzisa i-zabbix. , kunye nezicelo ngokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-Prometheus. Kuba esweni kvm, umzekelo, ungakwazi ukuthatha iprojekthi kwaye uyibeke ukuba iqhube nge-systemd, isebenza kakuhle kwaye ibonisa iimetrics ze-kvm, kukwakho ideshibhodi esele ilungile. .
Umzekelo, nantsi ifayile yam:
/etc/systemd/system/libvirtd_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=Node Exporter
[Service]
User=node_exporter
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/prometheus-libvirt-exporter --web.listen-address=":9101"
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetKwaye ke sinomthumeli ongaphandle omnye, sifuna owesibini ukujonga i-opennebula ngokwayo, ndisebenzise oku
Inokongezwa rhoqo ukujonga inkqubo oku kulandelayo.
Kwifayile ye-node_exporter sitshintsha isiqalo ngolu hlobo:
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/node_exporter --web.listen-address=":9102" --collector.textfile.directory=/var/lib/opennebula_exporter/textfile_collectorYenza uvimba weefayili mkdir -p /var/lib/opennebula_exporter
bash iskripthi esivezwe ngasentla, okokuqala sijonga umsebenzi ngeconsole, ukuba ibonisa into esiyifunayo (ukuba inika impazamo, faka i-xmlstarlet), yikopishe ku /usr/local/bin/opennebula_exporter.sh
Yongeza umsebenzi wecron ngomzuzu ngamnye:
*/1 * * * * (/usr/local/bin/opennebula_exporter.sh > /var/lib/opennebula_exporter/textfile_collector/opennebula.prom)Iimetriki zaqala ukubonakala, ungazithatha njengeprometheus kwaye wakhe iigrafu kwaye wenze izilumkiso. Kwi-Grafana unokuzoba, umzekelo, ideshibhodi elula enjalo.
(kucacile ukuba apha ndiyoyisa i-cpu, inkunzi yegusha)
Kwabo bathanda kwaye basebenzise iZabbix, kukho
Ngokumalunga nokubeka iliso, eyona nto iphambili kukuba ikhona. Ewe kunjalo, unako, ukongeza, sebenzisa izixhobo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokubeka iliso kumatshini kwaye ulayishe idatha kwi-billing, apha wonke umntu unombono wakhe, andikaqali ukusebenza ngoku ngokusondeleyo.
andikaqali ukugawula. Olona khetho lulula kukudibanisa i-td-arhente ukwahlula i/var/lib/ulawulo olunye olunezibonakalisi eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ifayile yesunstone.log ihambelana ne nginx regexp kunye nezinye iifayile ezibonisa imbali yokufikelela kwiqonga - yintoni inzuzo yale nto? Ewe, umzekelo, sinokulandelela ngokucacileyo inani elithi "Impazamo, impazamo" kwaye silandele ngokukhawuleza apho kwaye kwinqanaba apho kukho ukungasebenzi kakuhle.
3. Iikopi
Kukwakho neeprojekthi ezigqityiweyo ezihlawulwayo - umzekelo sep :VulaNebula_Backup. Apha kufuneka siqonde ukuba ukuxhasa nje umfanekiso womatshini akufani konke konke kulo mzekelo, kuba oomatshini bethu benyani kufuneka basebenze ngokudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo (ifayile yomxholo efanayo echaza useto lwenethiwekhi, igama le-vm kunye nezicwangciso zesiko kwizicelo zakho) . Ke, apha sithatha isigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni kwaye siya kuyixhasa njani. Kwezinye iimeko kungcono ukwenza iikopi zento ekwi-vm ngokwayo. Kwaye mhlawumbi ufuna kuphela ukugcina idiski enye kumatshini onikiweyo.
Ngokomzekelo, sinqume ukuba bonke oomatshini baqala ngemifanekiso eqhubekayo, ngoko ke, emva kokufunda
Oku kuthetha ukuba okokuqala sinokufaka umfanekiso kwi-vm yethu:
onevm disk-saveas 74 3 prom.qcow2
Image ID: 77
Смотрим, под каким именем он сохранился
oneimage show 77
/var/lib/one//datastores/100/f9503161fe180658125a9b32433bf6e8
И далее копируем куда нам необходимо. Конечно, так себе способ. Просто хотел показать, что используя инструменты opennebula можно строить подобные решения.Ndifumene nakwi-Intanethi kwaye kukho okungakumbi , kodwa kukho kuphela ugcino lwe-qcow2.
Kodwa njengoko sonke siyazi, ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva kufika ixesha xa ufuna i-backups eyongeziweyo, kunzima ngakumbi apha kwaye mhlawumbi abaphathi baya kwabela imali kwisisombululo esihlawulwayo, okanye bahambe ngenye indlela kwaye baqonde ukuba apha sisika kuphela izibonelelo, kunye nokwenza i-backups kwinqanaba lesicelo kunye nokongeza inani leendawo ezintsha kunye noomatshini ababonakalayo - ewe, apha, ndithetha ukuba ukusebenzisa ilifu ngokunyanisekileyo ukusungula amaqela ezicelo, kunye nokusungula i-database kwelinye iqonga okanye ukuthatha esele yenziwe kumthengisi, ukuba kunokwenzeka.
4. Ukusetyenziswa ngokulula
Kulo mhlathi ndiza kuchaza iingxaki endidibene nazo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokwemifanekiso, njengoko siyazi, kukho ukuzingisa - xa lo mfanekiso uphakanyiswe kwi-vm, yonke idatha ibhaliwe kulo mfanekiso. Kwaye ukuba ayiqhubeki, ngoko umfanekiso ukopishwe kwisitoreji kwaye idatha ibhaliwe kwinto ekopishwe kumfanekiso womthombo - yile ndlela itemplates zetemplates zisebenza ngayo. Ndizibangele ngokuphindaphindiweyo iingxaki ngokulibala ukucacisa ukuphikelela kwaye umfanekiso we-200 GB ukopishwe, ingxaki kukuba le nkqubo ngokuqinisekileyo ayinakukhanselwa, kufuneka uhambe kwi-node kwaye ubulale inkqubo yangoku "cp".
Enye yezinto ezingalunganga ezibalulekileyo kukuba awukwazi ukucima izenzo usebenzisa i-gui. Okanye kunoko, uya kuzirhoxisa kwaye ubone ukuba akukho nto yenzekayo kwaye uya kuziqala kwakhona, uzirhoxise kwaye enyanisweni kuya kuba sele kukho iinkqubo ze-cp ezikopa umfanekiso.
Kwaye ke kufika ekuqondeni ukuba kutheni amanani e-opennebula isiganeko ngasinye esitsha kunye ne-id entsha, umzekelo, kwi-proxmox efanayo yenza i-vm nge-id 101, yacinywa, emva koko uyidale kwakhona kunye ne-id 101. Kwi-opennebula oku akuyi kwenzeka, umzekelo omtsha ngamnye uyakwenziwa nge-id entsha kwaye oku kunengqiqo yayo - umzekelo, ukucoca idatha endala okanye ufakelo olungaphumelelanga.
Okufanayo kuya kukugcina; Kukho ii-addons zokusebenzisa indawo, kodwa ayisiyiyo le nto sithetha ngayo kule meko. Ndicinga ukuba kwixesha elizayo umntu uya kubhala inqaku malunga nendlela abakwazi ngayo ukusebenzisa indawo yokugcina indawo kwii-nodes kwaye bayisebenzise ngempumelelo kwimveliso.
5. Ubulula obukhulu
Ewe, okukhona usiya phambili, kokukhona baya kuba mbalwa abo baya kukuqonda.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko zokuma kwam - i-3 nodes kunye nokugcinwa kwe-nfs - yonke into isebenza kakuhle. Kodwa ukuba siqhuba iimvavanyo ezibandakanya ukuphuma kombane, umzekelo, xa uqhuba umfanekiso okhawulezayo kwaye ucima amandla e-node, sigcina useto kwisiseko sedatha ukuba kukho umfanekiso okhawulezayo, kodwa enyanisweni akukho nanye (kakuhle, sonke siyaqonda ukuba ekuqaleni wabhala i-database malunga nesi senzo kwi-sql, kodwa umsebenzi ngokwawo awuzange uphumelele). Inzuzo kukuba xa udala i-snapshot, ifayile eyahlukileyo yenziwe kwaye kukho "umzali", ngoko ke xa kukho iingxaki kwaye nokuba ayisebenzi nge-gui, sinokuthatha ifayile ye-qcow2 kwaye siyibuyisele ngokwahlukileyo.
Kwiinethiwekhi, ngelishwa, ayizizo zonke izinto ezilula. Ewe, ubuncinci bulula kune-openstack, ndisebenzise kuphela i-vlan (802.1Q) - isebenza kakuhle, kodwa ukuba wenza utshintsho kwiisetingi ukusuka kwinethiwekhi yetemplate, ke ezi zicwangciso aziyi kusetyenziswa kumatshini asele esebenza, okt. kufuneka ucime kwaye wongeze ikhadi lenethiwekhi, emva koko useto olutsha luya kusetyenziswa.
Ukuba ufuna kwakhona ukuyithelekisa kunye ne-openstack, ngoko unokuthi oku: kwi-opennebula akukho ngcaciso ecacileyo yeyiphi iteknoloji yokusetyenziswa ukugcina idatha, ukulawula inethiwekhi, izixhobo - umlawuli ngamnye uzenzele isigqibo malunga nokuba yintoni ekulungele ngakumbi kuye.
6. Iiplagi ezongezelelweyo kunye nofakelo
Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, njengoko siyiqonda, iqonga lelifu alikwazi ukulawula kuphela i-kvm, kodwa kunye ne-vmware esxi. Ngelishwa, bendingenalo ichibi kunye neVcenter, ukuba kukho nabani na oye wazama, nceda ubhale.
Inkxaso yabanye ababoneleli belifu ichaziwe
AWS, AZURE.
Ndazama kwakhona ukudibanisa i-Vmware Cloud esuka kwi-Selectel, kodwa akukho nto isebenzayo - ngokubanzi, ivaliwe ngenxa yokuba kukho izinto ezininzi, kwaye akukho ngongoma ekubhaleni kwinkxaso yobugcisa bomnikezeli wokubamba.
Kwakhona, ngoku inguqulelo entsha ine-firecracker - oku kusungulwa kwe-microvm, uhlobo lwe-kvm harness phezu kwe-docker, enika ubuninzi obungakumbi, ukhuseleko kunye nokwanda kwemveliso kuba akukho mfuneko yokuchitha izibonelelo ekulingiseni izixhobo. Inzuzo kuphela endiyibonayo ngaphezulu kweDocker kukuba ayithathi inani elongezelelweyo leenkqubo kwaye akukho sokethi zihleliyo xa usebenzisa olu kulinganisa, okt. Kuyenzeka ukuba uyisebenzise njenge-balancer yomthwalo (kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuba ubhale inqaku elahlukileyo malunga noku de ndiqhube ngokupheleleyo zonke iimvavanyo).
7. Amava amahle okusetyenziswa kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo
Ndandifuna ukwabelana ngeembono zam malunga nomsebenzi, ndichaze ezinye zazo ngasentla, ndingathanda ukubhala ngakumbi. Ewe, mhlawumbi ayindim ndedwa oqale wacinga ukuba le ayisiyiyo inkqubo efanelekileyo kwaye ngokubanzi yonke into elapha iyinto yokubambelela - basebenza njani nale nto? Kodwa ke ukuqonda kuza ukuba yonke into isengqiqweni. Ewe kunjalo, awunakukholisa wonke umntu kwaye eminye imiba ifuna ukuphuculwa.
Ngokomzekelo, umsebenzi olula wokukopisha umfanekiso wedisk ukusuka kwidatha yedatha ukuya kwenye. Kwimeko yam, kukho iindawo ezi-2 ezine-nfs, ndithumela umfanekiso-ukukopisha kwenzeka kwi-opennebula yangaphambili, nangona sonke sijwayele ukuba idatha kufuneka ikhutshelwe ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwenginginya - kwi-vmware efanayo, i-hyper-v esiyiyo. ndiqhele oku, kodwa apha kwenye. Kukho indlela eyahlukileyo kunye neengcamango ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kwinguqulo ye-5.12 basusa iqhosha elithi "fudukela kwi-datastore" - kuphela umatshini ngokwawo udluliselwa, kodwa kungekhona ukugcinwa kuba kuthetha ugcino oluphakathi.
Okulandelayo yiphutha elidumileyo ngezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo: "Impazamo yokuthumela umatshini obonakalayo: Ayikwazanga ukudala isizinda ukusuka / var/lib/one//datastores/103/10/deployment.5 "Ngezantsi yinto ephezulu yokujonga.
- Amalungelo omfanekiso omsebenzisi omnye;
- Iimvume zomsebenzisi omnye womlawuli ukuba aqhube i-libvirtd;
- Ngaba idatastore ixhonywe ngokuchanekileyo? Hamba kwaye ujonge umendo kwi-node ngokwayo, mhlawumbi kukho into ewileyo;
- Inethiwekhi eqwalaselwe ngokungalunganga, okanye kunoko kwi-frontend ikuseto lwenethiwekhi apho ujongano oluphambili lwe-vlan yi-br0, kodwa kwi-node ibhalwe njenge-bridge0 - kufuneka ifane.
inkqubo yedatastore igcina imetadata yevm yakho, ukuba usebenzisa i-vm ngomfanekiso ozingisayo, ngoko i-vm ifuna ukufikelela kuqwalaselo oludaliweyo ekuqaleni kugcino apho udale khona i-vm - oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoko ke, xa uhambisa i-vm kwenye i-datastore, kufuneka uhlolisise kabini yonke into.
8. Amaxwebhu, uluntu. Uphuhliso olongezelelweyo
Kwaye ukuphumla, amaxwebhu amahle, uluntu kunye neyona nto iphambili kukuba iprojekthi iyaqhubeka iphila kwixesha elizayo.
Ngokubanzi, yonke into ibhalwe kakuhle kwaye nokusebenzisa umthombo osemthethweni akuyi kuba yingxaki ukuyifaka kunye nokufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo.
Uluntu, olusebenzayo. Upapasha izisombululo ezininzi esele zenziwe onokuthi uzisebenzise kufakelo lwakho.
Okwangoku, ezinye iipolisi kwinkampani zitshintshile ukususela kwi-5.12 Kuya kuba nomdla ukubona indlela iprojekthi ephuhla ngayo. Ekuqaleni, ndachaza ngokukodwa abanye abathengisi abasebenzisa izisombululo zabo kunye noko shishino lunikezelayo. Ewe, akukho mpendulo icacileyo malunga nokuba yintoni enokusetyenziswa. Kodwa kwimibutho emincinci, ukugcina ilifu labo elincinci labucala kunokuba kubi kakhulu njengoko kubonakala. Into ephambili kukuba wazi kakuhle into oyifunayo.
Ngenxa yoko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukhetha ntoni njengenkqubo yefu, akufanele umise kwimveliso enye. Ukuba unexesha, kufanelekile ukujonga ezinye izisombululo ezivuleleke ngakumbi.
Kukho incoko entle Bancedisa kwaye abakuthumela ukuba ukhangele isisombululo kwingxaki kuGoogle. Dibana nathi.
umthombo: www.habr.com
