Unikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo lubalulekile kumatshini ngamnye kwishishini loshishino kunye nakwimveliso enkulu ngokubanzi. Iinkqubo zamandla zanamhlanje zintsonkothile kwaye zithembekile, kodwa azisoloko zihlangabezana nalo msebenzi. Zeziphi iintlobo ze-UPS ezisetyenziselwa amaziko oshishino? Ziziphi iimfuneko abafanele bahlangabezane nazo? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimeko ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza kweso sixhobo?
Iimfuno ze-UPS yamashishini
Ukuthathela ingqalelo injongo, sinokuqaqambisa ezona mpawu ziphambili ekufuneka unikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo kumaziko amashishini kufuneka lube nawo:
- Ukukhutshwa kwamandla aphezulu. Kuchongwa ngamandla ezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kumashishini.
- Ukuthembeka okuphezulu. Ibekwe phantsi kwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa uyilo lwemithombo. Kwimveliso yabo, amacandelo asetyenziswayo anokunyusa kakhulu ukuthembeka kwezixhobo. Oku, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwandisa iindleko ze-UPS, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kwandisa ubomi benkonzo yemithombo yomibini ngokwazo kunye nezixhobo ababonelela ngazo ngombane.
- Uyilo olucingisisiweyo oluququzelela ukuxilonga, ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kombane ongenakuphazamiseka. Le ndlela ibonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula kuzo zonke iiyunithi zesistim kwaye inciphisa ixesha elifunekayo ukuqhawula okanye ukubuyisela amacandelo e-UPS.
- Ukunokwenzeka kokulinganisa kunye nokunyuka okugudileyo kwamandla. Oku kuyimfuneko xa imfuno yamandla inyuka.
Iintlobo ze-UPS zoshishino
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zobonelelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo olusetyenziselwa iinjongo zoshishino:
- Ugcino (okwaziwa njenge-Off-line okanye i-standby). Imithombo enjalo ixhotyiswe ngokutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo, apho, xa kwenzeka ukusilela kwamandla, tshintshela umthwalo kwiibhetri. Ezi ziinkqubo ezilula kwaye ezingabizi, kodwa azixhotyiswanga nge-network voltage stabilizers (oko kuthetha ukuba iibhetri ziguga ngokukhawuleza) kwaye zifuna ixesha elithile lokutshintsha amandla kwiibhetri (malunga ne-4 ms). Ii-UPS ezinjalo zihlangabezana kuphela nokucinywa kombane okwethutyana kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukunika inkonzo izixhobo ezingabalulekanga zokuvelisa.
- Umgca-unxibelelwano. Imithombo enjalo ixhotyiswe ngee-transformers ukuzinzisa i-voltage ephumayo. Ngenxa yoko, inani lokutshintshela umbane kwiibhetri liyancitshiswa kwaye ubomi bebhetri bugcinwa. Nangona kunjalo, ii-UPS azenzelwanga ukucoca ingxolo kunye nokulawula i-voltage waveform. Zezona zilungele unikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo kwizixhobo apho kuphela igalelo lombane libalulekile.
- Kwi-Intanethi (kwi-Intanethi). Kwimithombo enjalo, ukuguqulwa kombane kabini kwenzeka. Okokuqala, ukusuka kwi-alternating ukuya ngqo (inikezelwa kwiibhetri), kwaye emva koko iphinde itshintshe, esetyenziselwa ukunika amandla izixhobo zoshishino. Kule meko, kungekhona kuphela ixabiso le-voltage elilawulwa ngokucacileyo, kodwa kunye nesigaba, i-frequency kunye ne-amplitude ye-alternating current. Abanye abavelisi, endaweni yokuguqulwa kabini, basebenzisa ii-inverters ze-bidirectional, ezenza ngokuhlukileyo imisebenzi ye-rectifier okanye i-inverter. Ii-UPS ezikwi-Intanethi zonga amandla kwaye ziphawulwa ngokusebenza okwandisiweyo. Imithombo enjalo ifanelekile ekukhuseleni izixhobo ezinamandla kunye ne-network-sensitive.
Ukongeza, ii-UPS zamashishini zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomthwalo onikezelwayo:
- Eyokuqala ibandakanya amandla angenakuphazamiseka, asetyenziselwa ukukhusela iinkqubo zokuvelisa kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza ekuphumeni kombane. Ngenxa yale njongo, i-backup okanye i-UPS esebenzayo yomgca ingasetyenziswa.
- Okwesibini kubandakanya ii-UPS, ezisetyenziselwa ukunikezelwa kwamandla angaphazamisekiyo kwiziseko ze-IT: iinkqubo zokugcina idatha okanye iiseva. Imithombo yohlobo lwe-Intanethi ikulungele oku.
Iimeko zokusebenza kwii-UPS zamashishini
Amashishini kumashishini ahlukeneyo anezawo iinkcukacha, kwaye ke ngoko aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zonikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo. Ngapha koko, nganye iprojekthi enjalo yahlukile kwaye idinga ukukhulisa izixhobo kwiimeko zayo. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa yengcaciso yemveliso:
- I-UPS, esetyenziselwa ukucocwa kweoli ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kweekholamu ze-distillation, zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela umbane ongxamisekileyo kungekhona kuphela kwiinkqubo zokulawula, kodwa nakwi-actuators. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka babe namandla aphezulu.
- Izityalo zamandla obushushu bomhlaba zivelisa i-byproduct: igesi yesulfure dioxide. Xa idibana nokufuma kwe-atmospheric, yenza imiphunga ye-sulfuric acid. Inokutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zombane ezingenakuphazamiseka.
- Kwiiplatifomu zeoli ye-offshore, enye ingozi kukunyusa ukufuma, ityuwa kunye nokwenzeka kokuhamba okuthe tye okanye okuthe nkqo kwesiseko apho i-UPS ifakwe khona.
- Izityalo ezinyibilikayo ziqulethe imimandla eyomeleleyo ye-electromagnetic enokubangela ukuphazamiseka kunye nohambo lwezaphuli zesekethe.
Olu luhlu lungentla lunokuxhaswa ngemizekelo emininzi. Kwangaxeshanye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zeziphi na izinto ezithe ngqo kwishishini lemizi-mveliso, unikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo lufuneka ukuba lusebenze ngokuthembekileyo iminyaka eyi-15-25. Sinokuchonga izinto ezimbini eziphambili eziphembelela ukusebenza kwe-UPS:
- Indawo yokuhlala. Akukhuthazwa ngokungqongqo ukubeka imithombo kufutshane nabasebenzisi bamandla. Kufuneka bakhuselwe kubushushu obuphezulu, umoya ongcolileyo okanye iimpembelelo zomatshini. Kwii-UPSs, elona qondo lobushushu liphakathi kwe-20-25 Β°C, kodwa ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kuma-45 Β°C. Ukonyuka okungaphaya kubomi bebhetri bufutshane ubomi bebhetri kuba zonke iinkqubo zekhemikhali ezikuzo ziyakhawuleza.
Umoya onothuli nawo uyingozi. Uthuli oluhle lusebenza njenge-abrasive kwaye lukhokelela ekunxibeni kwiindawo zokusebenza zabalandeli kunye nokungaphumeleli kweebheringi zabo. Ungazama ukusebenzisa ii-UPS ngaphandle kwabalandeli, kodwa kukhuseleke kakhulu ukubakhusela ekuqaleni kwiimpembelelo ezinjalo. Ukwenza oku, izixhobo kufuneka zibekwe kwigumbi elihlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokushisa ezigcinwe kunye nomoya ococekileyo.
- Ukubuyiselwa kombane. Umbono wokubuyisela omnye wombane kwigridi kwaye uyisebenzise kwakhona ngokuqinisekileyo uluncedo. Ikuvumela ukuba unciphise iindleko zamandla. Iinkqubo zokubuyisela zisetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo, umzekelo, kwizithuthi zikaloliwe, kodwa ziyingozi kumandla angenakuphazamiseka. Xa kusetyenziswa amandla abuyela umva, amandla ombane ebhasi ye-DC ayenyuka. Ngenxa yoko, ukukhuselwa kubangelwa kwaye i-UPS itshintshela kwimodi yokudlula. Imiphumo yokubuyisela ayinakupheliswa ngokupheleleyo. Zinokuncitshiswa kuphela ngokusebenzisa i-transformer amandla angenakuphazamiseka.
umthombo: www.habr.com