Ukuprintwa kweminwe kwisikhangeli: yintoni, isebenza njani, ingaba iyaphula umthetho kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela. Icandelo lesi-2

Ukusuka kwi-Selectel: eli licandelo lesibini loguqulelo lwenqaku malunga neminwe yeminwe yomkhangeli zincwadi (ungafunda eyokuqala apha). Namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga nokuba semthethweni kweenkonzo zomntu wesithathu kunye neewebhusayithi eziqokelela iminwe yesiphequluli yabasebenzisi abahlukeneyo kunye nendlela onokuzikhusela ngayo ekuqokeleleni ulwazi.

Ke kuthekani malunga nokuba semthethweni kokuqokelela iminwe yebhrawuza?

Esi sihloko sifunde ngokubanzi, kodwa asikwazanga ukufumana imithetho ethile (sithetha ngomthetho wase-US - inqaku lomhleli). Ukuba unokuchonga nayiphi na imithetho elawula ingqokelela yeminwe yebrawuza kwilizwe lakho, nceda usazise.

Kodwa kwi-European Union kukho imithetho kunye nezikhokelo (ngokukodwa, i-GDPR kunye ne-ePrivacy Directive) elawula ukusetyenziswa kweminwe yesiphequluli. Oku kusemthethweni ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kuphela ukuba umbutho unokungqina imfuneko yokwenza umsebenzi onjalo.

Ukongeza, imvume yomsebenzisi iyafuneka ukusebenzisa ulwazi. Ingaba yinyani, zimbini ngaphandle ukusuka kulo mgaqo:

• Xa isikhangeli seminwe sifuneka “eyona njongo yokuhambisa umyalezo kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki.”
• Xa uqokelela umkhangeli zincwadi zeminwe kufuneka ulungise ujongano lomsebenzisi isixhobo ethile. Umzekelo, xa usefa iwebhu kwisixhobo esiphathwayo, itekhnoloji isetyenziselwa ukuqokelela kunye nokuhlalutya umnwe womkhangeli zincwadi ukuze ubonelele ngoguqulelo olulungiselelweyo.

Ngokunokwenzeka, imithetho efanayo iyasebenza nakwamanye amazwe. Ke inqaku eliphambili apha kukuba inkonzo okanye indawo idinga imvume yomsebenzisi ukuze isebenze ngokuprintwa kweminwe kwisikhangeli.

Kodwa kukho ingxaki - umbuzo awusoloko ucacile. Amaxesha amaninzi, umsebenzisi uboniswa kuphela isibhengezo esithi “Ndiyavumelana nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa”. Ewe, ibhanile isoloko iqulethe ikhonkco kwimigaqo ngokwayo. Kodwa ngubani ozifundayo?

Ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo umsebenzisi ngokwakhe unika imvume yokuqokelela iminwe yesiphequluli kwaye ahlalutye olu lwazi xa ecofa iqhosha elithi "uvume".

Vavanya umnwe wakho womkhangeli zincwadi

Kulungile, ngasentla sixoxe ukuba yeyiphi idatha enokuthi iqokelelwe. Kodwa kuthekani ngemeko ethile - isikhangeli sakho?

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yeyiphi ingcaciso enokuthi iqokelelwe ngoncedo lwayo, eyona ndlela ilula kukusebenzisa isibonelelo Ulwazi lwesiXhobo. Iya kukubonisa ukuba umntu wangaphandle unokufumana ntoni na kwisikhangeli sakho.

Bona olu luhlu ngasekhohlo? Ayisiyiyo yonke loo nto, lonke uluhlu luya kuvela njengoko uskrolela ezantsi iphepha. Isixeko kunye nommandla awuboniswa kwisikrini ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweVPN ngababhali.

Kukho ezinye iisayithi ezininzi ezikunceda ukuba wenze uvavanyo lweminwe yomkhangeli zincwadi. Oku I-Panopticlick ukusuka kwi-EFF kunye AmIUnique, indawo yomthombo ovulekileyo.

Yintoni isikhangeli seminwe entropy?

Olu luvavanyo lokwahluka kweminwe yebhrawuza yakho. Iphezulu ixabiso le-entropy, iphezulu into ekhethekileyo yesikhangeli.

I-entropy yeminwe yomkhangeli zincwadi ilinganiswa ngamasuntswana. Ungajonga esi salathisi kwiwebhusayithi yePanopticlick.

Zichane kangakanani ezi mvavanyo?

Ngokubanzi, banokuthenjwa kuba baqokelela idatha efanayo nezixhobo zomntu wesithathu. Oku kwenzeka ukuba sivavanya ingqokelela yolwazi ngengongoma.

Ukuba sithetha ngokuvavanya ububodwa, ayizizo zonke izinto ezilungileyo apha, kwaye nantsi isizathu:

• Iindawo zokuvavanya azithatheli ngqalelo iminwe yeminwe engaqhelekanga, enokufumaneka, umzekelo, usebenzisa i-Brave Nightly.
• IiSayithi ezifana nePanopticlick kunye ne-AmIUnique zineenkcukacha ezigciniweyo ezinkulu ezinolwazi malunga nezikhangeli ezindala neziphelelwe lixesha abasebenzisi bazo abaqinisekisiweyo. Ke ukuba uvavanya ngesikhangeli esitsha, uya kufumana amanqaku aphezulu okukwahluka kweminwe yakho, ngaphandle kwento yokuba amakhulu abanye abasebenzisi besebenzisa inguqulelo efanayo yesikhangeli sakho.
• Okokugqibela, abasithatheli ngqalelo isisombululo sesikrini okanye uhlengahlengiso lwefestile yesikhangeli. Umzekelo, ifonti inokuba nkulu kakhulu okanye incinci, okanye umbala unokwenza umbhalo ube nzima ukufundeka. Nokuba siyintoni na isizathu, iimvavanyo aziyithatheli ngqalelo.

Ngokubanzi, iimvavanyo ezizodwa zeminwe ayiloncedo. Kufanelekile ukuba uzame ukufumana inqanaba lakho le-entropy. Kodwa kungcono ukuvavanya ngokulula ukuba loluphi ulwazi olunikezelayo "ngaphandle".

Uzikhusela njani kwi-browser yeminwe (iindlela ezilula)

Kufanelekile ukuthetha ngoko nangoko ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuvala ngokupheleleyo ukubunjwa kunye nokuqokelelwa kweminwe yesikhangeli - le yiteknoloji esisiseko. Ukuba ufuna ukuzikhusela nge-100%, kufuneka nje ungayisebenzisi i-Intanethi.

Kodwa isixa solwazi oluqokelelwe ziinkonzo zomntu wesithathu kunye nezibonelelo zinokuncitshiswa. Kulapho ezi zixhobo ziya kunceda khona.

Isikhangeli seFirefox esinesetingi ezilungisiweyo

Lo mkhangeli zincwadi ulungile ekukhuseleni idatha yomsebenzisi. Kutshanje, abaphuhlisi bakhusele abasebenzisi beFirefox kushicilelo lweminwe lomntu wesithathu.

Kodwa umgangatho wokukhusela unokunyuswa. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uye kwizicwangciso zebrawuza yakho ngokufaka "malunga: config" kwibar yedilesi. Emva koko khetha kwaye utshintshe ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• webgl.ivaliwe - khetha "yinyani".
• geo.nikwe amandla — khetha “bubuxoki”.
• ubumfihlo.resistFingerprinting - khetha "yinyani". Olu khetho lubonelela ngenqanaba elisisiseko lokhuseleko ngokuchasene nomkhangeli zincwadi weminwe. Kodwa isebenza kakhulu xa ukhetha ezinye iinketho kuluhlu.
• ubumfihlo.iqela lokuqala.lodwa -tshintsha ube "yinyani". Olu khetho likuvumela ukuba uvale iikuki ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala.
• uqhagamshelo lweendaba -Ukhetho lokuzikhethela, kodwa ukuba usebenza ngeVPN, kufanelekile ukukhetha. Yenza kube nokwenzeka ukunqanda ukuvuza kweWebRTC kunye nokubonakaliswa kwe-IP yakho.

Isikhangeli esinesibindi

Esinye isikhangeli esisebenziseka lula kwaye sibonelela ngokhuseleko olunzulu lwedatha yomntu. Isikhangeli sivimba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabalandeleli, sisebenzisa i-HTTPS naphi na apho kunokwenzeka, kwaye sivala izikripthi.

Ukongeza, iBrave ikunika amandla okuthintela uninzi lwezixhobo zokuprinta umnwe.

Sisebenzise iPanopticlick ukuqikelela inqanaba le-entropy. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Opera, kwavela ukuba yi-16.31 bits endaweni ye-17.89. Umahluko awumkhulu, kodwa usekhona.

Abasebenzisi abanesibindi bacebise ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ngokuchasene nokuprintwa kweminwe yesikhangeli. Kukho iinkcukacha ezininzi kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuzibhala kwinqaku elinye. Zonke iinkcukacha iyafumaneka kwiGithub yeprojekthi.

Izandiso zesikhangeli ezikhethekileyo

Izandiso zisisihloko esibuthathaka kuba ngamanye amaxesha zonyusa ubungangamsha bomnwe womkhangeli zincwadi. Ukuba uyazisebenzisa okanye awuzisebenzisi lukhetho lomsebenzisi.

Nantsi into esinokuyicebisa:

• lonwabu — ukuguqulwa kwamaxabiso e-arhente yomsebenzisi. Unokuseta i-frequency "kanye ngemizuzu eyi-10", umzekelo.
• Ulandelelwano - ukhuseleko kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengqokelela yeminwe.
• Isixhobo somsebenzisi-seAgent - yenza into efanayo neNgcali.
• Canvasblocker - ukhuseleko ekuqokeleleni iminwe yedijithali kwiseyile.

Kungcono ukusebenzisa ulwandiso olunye kunokuba zonke ngaxeshanye.

Isikhangeli seTor ngaphandle kweTor womnatha

Akukho mfuneko yokuchaza kuHabré ukuba yintoni isikhangeli seTor. Ngokungagqibekanga, ibonelela ngenani lezixhobo zokukhusela idatha yomntu:

• HTTPS naphi na naphi na.
• NoScript.
• Ukuvala iWebGl.
• Ukuvala umfanekiso weseyile.
• Ukutshintsha inguqulo ye-OS.
• Ukuthintela ulwazi malunga nendawo yexesha kunye nezicwangciso zolwimi.
• Yonke eminye imisebenzi ukubhloka izixhobo zokucupha.

Kodwa inethiwekhi yeTor ayithandeki njengebrawuza ngokwayo. Kunjalo ngoba:

• Isebenza kancinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho malunga ne-6 amawaka amaseva, kodwa malunga ne-2 yezigidi zabasebenzisi.
• Iisayithi ezininzi zivimba itrafikhi yeTor, njengeNetflix.
• Kukho ukuvuza kolwazi lomntu, enye yezona zinto zinzima zenzeka ngo-2017.
• I-Tor inobudlelwane obungaqhelekanga kunye norhulumente wase-US - inokubizwa ngokuba yintsebenziswano esondeleyo. Ukongezelela, urhulumente unemali ixhasa iTor.
• Ungaqhagamshela kwi indawo yomhlaseli.

Ngokubanzi, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa isikhangeli seTor ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yeTor. Oku akukho lula ukwenza, kodwa indlela iyafikeleleka. Umsebenzi kukudala iifayile ezimbini eziya kukhubaza inethiwekhi yeTor.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza oku kukwiNotepad ++. Yivule kwaye wongeze imigca elandelayo kwithebhu yokuqala:

pref('general.config.filename', 'firefox.cfg');
pref('general.config.obscure_value', 0);

Emva koko uye kuHlela - Ukuguqulwa kwe-EOL, khetha i-Unix (LF) kwaye ugcine ifayile njenge-autoconfig.js kwi-Tor Browser/defaults/pref directory.

Emva koko vula ithebhu entsha kwaye ukope le migca:

//
lockPref('network.proxy.type', 0);
lockPref('network.proxy.socks_remote_dns', bubuxoki);
lockPref('extensions.torlauncher.start_tor', bubuxoki);

Igama lefayile ngu firefox.cfg, kufuneka igcinwe kwiTor Browser/Browser.

Ngoku yonke into ilungile. Emva kokuqaliswa, isikhangeli siya kubonisa impazamo, kodwa ungayihoyi le nto.

Kwaye ewe, ukucima inethiwekhi akuyi kuchaphazela umnwe womkhangeli zincwadi nangayiphi na indlela. I-Panopticlick ibonisa izinga le-entropy le-10.3 bits, elingaphantsi kakhulu kune-Brave browser (yayiyi-16,31 bits).

Iifayile ezikhankanywe ngasentla zinokukhutshelwa kusuka apha.

Kwinxalenye yesithathu kunye neyokugqibela, siza kuthetha ngeendlela ezinzima ngakumbi zokukhubaza ucupho. Siza kuxubusha nombandela wokukhusela idatha yomntu kunye nolunye ulwazi usebenzisa i-VPN.

umthombo: www.habr.com