I-Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) idlale indima ephambili kwiprogram ye-Apollo yenyanga, iqhuba i-rocket ye-Saturn 5. Njengazo zonke iikhomputha zexesha, igcine idatha kwiinqununu ezincinci zamagnetic. Kweli nqaku, i-Cloud4Y ithetha ngemodyuli yememori ye-LVDC esuka kwi-deluxe USteve Jurvetson.
Le modyuli yenkumbulo yaphuculwa phakathi koo-1960. Yakhelwe kusetyenziswa amacandelo e-surface-mount, iimodyuli ezixubileyo, kunye noqhagamshelo oluguquguqukayo, okwenza ukuba kube ngumyalelo wobukhulu obuncinci kwaye ukhaphukhaphu kunememori yekhompyuter eqhelekileyo yelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, imodyuli yememori ivunyelwe ukugcina kuphela amagama angama-4096 eebhithi ezingama-26.
Imodyuli yenkumbulo engundoqo yemagnetic. Le modyuli igcina amagama e-4K yee-bits zedatha ye-26 kunye ne-2 parity bits. Ngeemodyuli ezine zememori enika umthamo opheleleyo wamagama angama-16, inobunzima be-384 kg kunye nokulinganisa i-2,3 cm × 14 cm × 14 cm.
Ukufika kwenyanga kwaqala ngoMeyi 25, 1961, xa uMongameli uKennedy wabhengeza ukuba iMelika iya kubeka indoda enyangeni ngaphambi kokuphela kweshumi leminyaka. Kule nto, i-rocket ye-Saturn 5 yamanqanaba amathathu isetyenzisiwe, i-rocket enamandla kakhulu eyakha yenziwa. ISaturn 5 yayilawulwa kwaye ilawulwa yikhompyuter (apha ngaye) inqanaba lesithathu lesithuthi sokuqaliswa, ukuqala ukusuka kwi-orbit yomhlaba, kwaye emva koko kwindlela eya eNyangeni. (I-spacecraft ye-Apollo yayisahlula kwi-rocket ye-Saturn V ngeli xesha, kwaye umsebenzi we-LVDC wagqitywa.)
I-LVDC ifakwe kwisakhelo sesiseko. Izihlanganisi zesetyhula ziyabonakala kumphambili wekhompyuter. Kusetyenziswe izihlanganisi zombane ezisi-8 kunye neziqhagamshelo ezibini zokupholisa ulwelo
I-LVDC yayiyenye yeekhompyuter ezininzi kwi-Apollo. I-LVDC idityaniswe nenkqubo yolawulo lokubhabha, ikhompyutha ye-analog ye-45 kg. IKhompyutha yeApollo Guidance Computer (AGC) ikhokele isiphekepheke ukuya kumphezulu wenyanga. Imodyuli yomyalelo iqulethe i-AGC enye ngelixa imodyuli yenyanga iqulethe i-AGC yesibini kunye ne-Abort navigation system, ikhompyuter engxamisekileyo.
Kwakukho iikhompyuter ezininzi kwi-Apollo.
Izixhobo zokuQiniseka kweyunithi (ULD)
I-LVDC idalwe kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji enomdla ye-hybrid ebizwa ngokuba yi-ULD, isixhobo somthwalo weyunithi. Nangona zibukeka njengeesekethe ezidibeneyo, iimodyuli ze-ULD ziqulethe izinto ezininzi. Basebenzisa iitshiphusi ze-silicon ezilula, nganye ine-transistor enye okanye ii-diode ezimbini. Ezi zixhobo, kunye nezichasi eziprintiweyo ezishinyeneyo eziprintiweyo, zaxhonywa kwisiqwenga seceramic ukuphumeza iisekethe ezifana nesango lokuqiqa. Ezi modyuli bezingumahluko weemodyuli zeSLT () yenzelwe iikhompyuter ezidumileyo ze-IBM S/360. I-IBM yaqala ukuphuhlisa iimodyuli ze-SLT kwi-1961, ngaphambi kokuba iisekethe ezidibeneyo zisebenze ngokuthengisa, kwaye ngo-1966, i-IBM yayivelisa ngaphezu kwe-100 yezigidi zeemodyuli ze-SLT ngonyaka.
Iimodyuli ze-ULD zazincinci kakhulu kuneemodyuli ze-SLT, njengoko kubonwe kwisithombe esingezantsi, okwenza ukuba zifaneleke ngakumbi kwikhompyutheni yendawo ye-compact. umphezulu endaweni yezikhonkwane. Iikliphu ebhodini zibambe imodyuli ye-ULD kwindawo kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kwezi zikhonkwane.
Kutheni i-IBM isebenzise iimodyuli ze-SLT endaweni yeesekethe ezidibeneyo? Esona sizathu sasikukuba iisekethe ezihlanganisiweyo zaziseziintsana, njengoko zaziyilwe ngowe-1959. Kwi-1963, iimodyuli ze-SLT zineendleko kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza kwiisekethe ezidibeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, iimodyuli ze-SLT zazihlala zijongwa njengento engaphantsi kweesekethe ezidibeneyo. Enye yeenzuzo zeemodyuli ze-SLT phezu kweesekethe ezidibeneyo kukuba i-resistors kwi-SLT yayichaneke kakhulu kunezo zijikelezo ezidibeneyo. Ngexesha lokwenziwa, ii-resistors zefilimu ezishinyeneyo kwiimodyuli ze-SLT zatyhulwa ngononophelo ukuze zisuse ifilimu echasayo de zifezekise ukuchasana okufunwayo. Iimodyuli ze-SLT nazo zazingabizi kakhulu kuneesekethe ezidityanisiweyo ezinokuthelekiswa kwiminyaka yoo-1960.
I-LVDC kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumeneyo zisebenzise ngaphezulu kwe-50 yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ULD.
Iimodyuli ze-SLT (ekhohlo) zikhulu kakhulu kuneemodyuli ze-ULD (ekunene). Ubungakanani be-ULD yi-7,6mm×8mm
Ifoto engezantsi ibonisa amalungu angaphakathi emodyuli ye-ULD. Kwicala lasekhohlo lepleyiti yeceramic kukho abaqhubi abaqhagamshelwe kwiikristale ezine zesilicon ezisikwere. Ijongeka njengebhodi yesekethe, kodwa khumbula ukuba incinci kakhulu kunozipho lomnwe. Ooxande abamnyama ngasekunene zizixhasi zefilimu ezishinyeneyo eziprintwe kumzantsi wepleyiti.
ULD, imbonakalo ephezulu nasezantsi. Iikristale ze-silicon kunye nezichasi ziyabonakala. Ngelixa iimodyuli ze-SLT zine-resistors kwindawo ephezulu, iimodyuli ze-ULD zinezixhasi ezisezantsi, ezandisa ubuninzi kunye neendleko.
Ifoto engezantsi ibonisa ukufa kwe-silicon kwimodyuli ye-ULD, ephumeze iidiode ezimbini. Ubukhulu buncinci ngokungaqhelekanga, xa kuthelekiswa, kukho iikristale zeswekile ezikufutshane. Ikristale yayinonxibelelwano lwangaphandle oluthathu ngeebhola zobhedu ezithengiswa kwizangqa ezintathu. Imijikelezo emibini engezantsi (i-anodes yee-diode ezimbini) yachithwa (iindawo ezimnyama), ngelixa isangqa sasekunene sasiyi-cathode exhunywe kwisiseko.
Ifoto ye-silicon ye-diode crystal crystal ecaleni kweekristale zeswekile
Isebenza njani inkumbulo engundoqo yamagnetic
Inkumbulo engundoqo yeMagnetic yayiyeyona ndlela iphambili yogcino lwedatha kwiikhompyuter ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950 de yatshintshwa zizixhobo zogcino oluqinileyo kwiminyaka yoo-1970. Inkumbulo yenziwa kwizangqa ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cores. Izangqa zeFerrite zafakwa kwi-matrix yoxande kwaye iingcingo ezimbini ukuya kwezine zadlula kwiringi nganye ukuze zifunde kwaye zibhale ulwazi. Izangqa zavumela intwana yolwazi ukuba igcinwe. Undoqo wenziwa umazibuthe usebenzisa i-pulse yangoku kwiingcingo ezidlula kwiringi ye-ferrite. Umkhombandlela wemagneti yombindi omnye unokutshintshwa ngokuthumela i-pulse kwelinye icala.
Ukufunda ixabiso le-core, i-pulse yangoku ibeka indandatho kwisimo 0. Ukuba i-core yayikade ikwi-state 1, i-magnetic field eguqukayo yenza i-voltage kwenye yeengcingo ezihamba nge-cores. Kodwa ukuba undoqo wawusele ukwimeko ye-0, umhlaba wemagnethi awunakutshintsha kwaye ucingo lwengqondo aluyi kunyuka kumbane. Ngoko ixabiso le-bit kwi-core lifundwe ngokuyibuyisela kwi-zero kwaye ihlolisise i-voltage kwi-wire efundwayo. Into ebalulekileyo yememori kwi-cores magnetic kukuba inkqubo yokufunda i-ferrite ring yatshabalalisa ixabiso layo, ngoko ke ingundoqo kufuneka "ibhalwe ngokutsha".
Kwakunzima ukusebenzisa ucingo oluhlukeneyo ukutshintsha i-magnetization ye-core nganye, kodwa ngo-1950, imemori ye-ferrite yaphuhliswa esebenza kumgaqo wokuhambelana kwemisinga. Isiphaluka esineengcingo ezine—X, Y, Sense, Inhibit—siye sayinto eqhelekileyo. Itekhnoloji ixhaphaze ipropathi ekhethekileyo yeecores ezibizwa ngokuba yi-hysteresis: umsinga omncinci awuchaphazeli inkumbulo ye-ferrite, kodwa umsinga ongentla komgubasi uya kwenza undoqo. Xa unikwe amandla ngesiqingatha somjelo ofunekayo kumgca we-X kunye nomgca we-Y, kuphela undoqo apho imigca yomibini yawela yafumana yangoku ngokwaneleyo ukuze iphinde isebenze kwakhona, ngelixa ezinye ii-cores zahlala zinjalo.
Yile ndlela imemori ye-IBM 360 Model 50 yayibukeka ngayo. I-LVDC kunye ne-Model 50 basebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwe-core, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-19-32 kuba i-diameter yabo yangaphakathi yayiyi-19 mils (0.4826 mm) kunye ne-32 mils. (0,8 mm). Uyabona kule foto ukuba kukho iingcingo ezintathu ezihamba kumbindi ngamnye, kodwa i-LVDC isebenzise iingcingo ezine.
Ifoto engezantsi ibonisa uluhlu lweememori ze-LVDC ezixande. 8 Le matrix ine-128 X-ingcingo ezihamba ngokuthe nkqo kunye nama-Y-ingcingo angama-64 ahamba ngokuthe tye, kunye nondoqo kwindawo nganye yokuhlangana. Ucingo olunye lokufunda lubaleka kuzo zonke ii-cores ezinxuseneyo neengcingo zika-Y. Ucingo lokubhala kunye nocingo oluvimbelayo lubaleka kuzo zonke ii-cores ezinxuseneyo neengcingo zika-X. Iingcingo ziwela phakathi kwe-matrix; oku kunciphisa ingxolo ebangelwayo kuba ingxolo evela kwesinye isiqingatha iyayiphelisa ingxolo esuka kwesinye isiqingatha.
Enye i-LVDC Ferrite memory matrix equlathe amasuntswana angama-8192. Uqhagamshelwano namanye amatriki luqhutywa ngezikhonkwane ngaphandle
I-matrix engentla yayinezinto ezingama-8192, nganye igcina isuntswana enye. Ukugcina igama lememori, iimatriki ezininzi ezisisiseko zongezwa kunye, enye ngentwana nganye yegama. Amacingo u-X no-Y atyhoboza kuzo zonke iimatriki eziphambili. Imatrix nganye yayinomgca wokufunda owahlukileyo kunye nomgca wokuthintela ukubhala owahlukileyo. Inkumbulo ye-LVDC isebenzise isitakhi seematriki ezisisiseko ezili-14 (ngezantsi) igcina i-13-bit "syllable" kunye ne-parity bit.
Uluhlu lwe-LVDC lunematriki ezili-14 eziphambili
Ukubhala kwimemori ye-magnetic core kufuna iingcingo ezongezelelweyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yimigca yokuthintela. Imatrix nganye inomgca omnye wokuthintela ohamba kuzo zonke iicores ezikuyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubhala, okwangoku idlula kwimigca ye-X kunye ne-Y, iphinda ifake amakhonkco akhethiweyo (enye ngenqwelomoya) ukuba ichaze i-1, igcina zonke ii-1 kwigama. Ukubhala i-0 kwi-bit position, umgca unikwe amandla ngesiqingatha sangoku esichasene nomgca X. Ngenxa yoko, ii-cores zahlala ku-0. Ngaloo ndlela, umgca we-inhibit awuzange uvumele undoqo ukuba uphendulele ku-1. Nayiphi na oyifunayo. Igama lingabhalwa kwinkumbulo ngokwenza imigca yehibit ehambelanayo.
Imodyuli yememori ye-LVDC
Yenziwa njani imodyuli yememori yeLVDC ngokwasemzimbeni? Embindini wemodyuli yememori kukho uluhlu lwememori ye-ferromagnetic eboniswe ngaphambili. Ijikelezwe ziibhodi ezininzi ezinomjikelezo wokuqhuba iingcingo ze-X kunye neY kunye nemigca yokunqanda, imigca yokufunda kancinci, ukufumanisa impazamo, kunye nokuvelisa imiqondiso yewotshi eyimfuneko.
Ngokubanzi, uninzi lwesekethe enxulumene nenkumbulo ikwingqiqo yekhompyuter yeLVDC, hayi kwimodyuli yememori ngokwayo. Ngokukodwa, ingqiqo yekhompyutheni iqulethe iirejista zokugcina iidilesi kunye namagama edatha kunye nokuguqula phakathi kwe-serial kunye ne-parallel. Ikwanazo neesekethe zokufunda ukusuka kwimigca kancinane efundwayo, ukujonga impazamo, kunye newotshi.
Imodyuli yememori ebonisa amacandelo aphambili. I-MIB (iBhodi ye-Multilayer Interconnection) yibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ye-12
Y ibhodi yomqhubi wememori
Igama elikwinkumbulo engundoqo likhethwa ngokugqitha imigca engu-X kunye no-Y ngokulandelelanayo kwibhodi engundoqo. Masiqale ngokuchaza isekethe ye-Y-umqhubi kunye nendlela evelisa ngayo umqondiso ngenye yee-64 Y-layini. Esikhundleni se-64 iisekethe zabaqhubi abahlukeneyo, imodyuli inciphisa inani leesekethe ngokusebenzisa abaqhubi "abaphezulu" abayi-8 kunye nabaqhubi "abaphantsi" abayi-8. Zifakwe kwi-"matrix" yoqwalaselo, ngoko ke indibaniselwano nganye yabaqhubi abaphezulu nabaphantsi bakhetha imiqolo eyahlukeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, i-8 "phezulu" kunye ne-8 "ephantsi" abaqhubi bakhetha enye ye-64 (8 × 8) Y-layini.
Ibhodi yomqhubi we-Y (ngaphambili) iqhuba i-Y khetha imigca kwi-stack yeebhodi
Kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi ungabona ezinye iimodyuli ze-ULD (ezimhlophe) kunye neebini ze-transistors (igolide) eziqhuba imigca ye-Y ekhethiweyo. Imodyuli "ye-EI" yintliziyo yomqhubi: inikeza i-voltage eqhubekayo (E ) okanye idlulisa i-pulse yangoku (I) ngomgca wokukhetha. Umgca okhethiweyo ulawulwa ngokuvula imodyuli ye-EI kwimodi yombane kwelinye icala lomgca kunye nemodyuli ye-EI kwimodi yangoku kwelinye icala. Isiphumo sisitshixo esine-voltage echanekileyo kunye nekhoyo ngoku, eyaneleyo ukuphinda wenze i-core core. Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuyijika; i-voltage pulse igxininiswe kwi-volts eyi-17, kwaye uluhlu lwangoku luvela kwi-180 mA ukuya kwi-260 mA ngokuxhomekeka kwiqondo lokushisa.
Ifoto yeMacro yebhodi yomqhubi weY ebonisa iimodyuli ezintandathu ze-ULD kunye neeperisi ezintandathu ze-transistors. Imodyuli nganye ye-ULD ibhalwe ngenombolo yenxalenye ye-IBM, uhlobo lwemodyuli (umzekelo, "EI"), kunye nekhowudi engaziwa intsingiselo yayo.
Ibhodi nayo ixhotyiswe ngeemodyuli ze-error monitor (ED) ezifumanisa xa umgca we-Y okhethiweyo uvuliwe ngexesha elifanayo.Imodyuli ye-ED isebenzisa isisombululo esilula se-analogue: idibanisa i-voltages yegalelo usebenzisa i-network of resistors. Ukuba i-voltage ebangelwayo ingaphezulu komqobo, isitshixo sishukunyiswa.
Ngaphantsi kwebhodi yomqhubi kukho uluhlu lwe-diode oluqukethe i-256 diode kunye ne-64 resistors. Le matrix iguqula iiperesi ezisi-8 eziphezulu nezisi-8 ezisezantsi zemiqondiso ukusuka kwibhodi yomqhubi ukuya kuqhagamshelo lwemigca engu-Y engama-64 ehamba kuluhlu oluphambili lweebhodi. Iintambo eziguquguqukayo phezulu nangaphantsi kwebhodi zidibanisa ibhodi kwi-diode array. Iintambo ezimbini ze-flexible ngakwesobunxele (ezingabonakali kwisithombe) kunye neebhasi ezimbini ngakwesokudla (enye ebonakalayo) zidibanisa i-matrix ye-diode kuluhlu lwee-cores. Intambo ye-flex ebonakala ngakwesobunxele idibanisa i-Y-ibhodi ukuya kuyo yonke ikhompyutha ngebhodi ye-I / O, ngelixa i-flex flex cable encinci ngasezantsi ngasekunene idibanisa nebhodi ye-clock generator.
X Ibhodi yoMqhubi weMemori
Uyilo lokuqhuba imigca ye-X lufana neskimu se-Y, ngaphandle kokuba kukho imigca ye-128 kunye nemigca ye-Y. Nangona iibhodi ze-X kunye ne-Y zineenxalenye ezifanayo, i-wiring iyahluka.
Le bhodi kunye nale ingezantsi ilawula X imiqolo ekhethiweyo kwisipaki seebhodi ezingundoqo
Ifoto engezantsi ibonisa ukuba amanye amacandelo awonakele ebhodini. Enye ye-transistors iyasuswa, imodyuli ye-ULD iphukile kwisiqingatha, kwaye enye iphukile. I-wiring ibonakala kwimodyuli eyaphukileyo, kunye nenye yeekristale ezincinci ze-silicon (ekunene). Kulo mfanekiso, unokubona kwakhona imikhondo yeengoma ezithe nkqo nezithe tye kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo.
Ukuvalwa kwecandelo elonakeleyo lebhodi
Ngezantsi kweebhodi zomqhubi we-X kukho i-matrix ye-X diode equkethe i-288 diodes kunye ne-resistors eyi-128. Uluhlu lwe-X-diode lusebenzisa i-topology eyahlukileyo kunebhodi ye-Y-diode ukuphepha ukuphindaphinda inani lamacandelo. Njengebhodi ye-Y-diode, le bhodi iqulethe amacandelo afakwe ngokuthe nkqo phakathi kweebhodi zeesekethe ezimbini eziprintiweyo. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi "cordwood" kwaye ivumela amacandelo ukuba afakwe ngokuqinileyo.
Ifoto enkulu ye-X diode array ebonisa ii-cordwood diode ezibekwe ngokuthe nkqo phakathi kweebhodi zesekethe ezi-2 eziprintiweyo. Iibhodi ezimbini zomqhubi we-X zihlala ngaphezu kwebhodi ye-diode, zihlulwe kuzo nge-polyurethane foam. Nceda uqaphele ukuba iibhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo zisondelelene kakhulu.
IiAmplifaya zeMemori
Ifoto engezantsi ibonisa ibhodi yeamplifier yokufunda. Ineetshaneli ezisi-7 zokufunda iibhithi ezisi-7 kwimemori egciniweyo; ibhodi efanayo engezantsi iphatha amasuntswana asi-7 kwiibhithi ezili-14 zizonke. Injongo ye-amplifier yoluvo kukubona umqondiso omncinci (i-20 millivolts) eveliswa yi-core remagnetizable core kwaye uyiguqule ibe yi-1-bit output. Ijelo ngalinye liqulethe i-amplifier eyahlukileyo kunye ne-buffer, ilandelwa yi-transformer eyahlukileyo kunye ne-clamp ephumayo. Ngasekhohlo, intambo ye-28-wire flex cable idibanisa kwi-memory stack, ikhokelela iziphelo ezimbini zocingo ngalunye kwisiphaluka seamplifier, ukuqala nge-MSA-1 (iMemory Sense Amplifier) imodyuli. Amacandelo ngamanye ama-resistors (iisilinda ezimdaka), i-capacitors (obomvu), i-transformers (emnyama), kunye ne-transistors (igolide). Amasuntswana edatha aphuma kwiibhodi zesandisi-lizwi ngentambo eguqukayo esekunene.
Ibhodi yeamplifier yokufunda phezulu kwimodyuli yememori. Le bhodi ikhulisa imiqondiso evela kwiingcingo zoluvo ukwenza amasuntswana aphumayo
Bhala Inhibit Line Driver
Abaqhubi be-inhibit basetyenziselwa ukubhala kwimemori kwaye babekwe kwicala elingaphantsi kwemodyuli engundoqo. Kukho imigca ye-inhibit eli-14, enye kwimatrix nganye kwisitaki. Ukubhala i-0 bit, umqhubi wokutshixa ohambelanayo uyasebenza kwaye okwangoku ngokusebenzisa umgca wokuthintela ukuthintela undoqo ukusuka kwi-1. iitransistor. Ukuchaneka kwe-1 ohm resistors phezulu nasezantsi kwebhodi kulawula umsinga wokuthintela. I-2-wire flex cable ngasekunene idibanisa abaqhubi kwii-20,8 inhibit ingcingo kwi-stack yeebhodi eziphambili.
Ibhodi yokuthintela ezantsi kwimodyuli yememori. Le bhodi ivelisa iimpawu ze-14 ezithintela ezisetyenziswa ngexesha lokurekhoda
Imemori yomqhubi wewotshi
Umqhubi wewotshi yiperi yeebhodi ezivelisa iimpawu zewotshi kwimodyuli yememori. Nje ukuba ikhomputha iqale ukusebenza kwememori, imiqondiso eyahlukeneyo yewotshi esetyenziswa yimodyuli yememori yenziwa ngokuhambelanayo ngumqhubi wewotshi yemodyuli. Iibhodi zokuqhuba iwashi zisezantsi kwimodyuli, phakathi kwe-stack kunye nebhodi ye-inhibit, ngoko ke iibhodi zinzima ukuzibona.
Iibhodi zomqhubi wewotshi zingaphantsi kovimba wememori engundoqo kodwa ngaphezulu kwebhodi yokutshixa
Amacandelo ebhodi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwifoto engasentla zii-potentiometers zokujika ezininzi, kuqikelelwa ukuba lixesha okanye uhlengahlengiso lombane. I-resistors kunye ne-capacitors nazo zibonakala kwiibhodi. Umzobo ubonisa iimodyuli ezininzi zeMCD (Memory Clock Driver), kodwa akukho modyuli zibonakalayo kwiibhodi. Kunzima ukuxelela ukuba oku kungenxa yokubonakala okulinganiselweyo, utshintsho lwesiphaluka, okanye ubukho benye ibhodi enezi modyuli.
Iphaneli yeMemori I/O
Ibhodi yokugqibela yemodyuli yememori yibhodi ye-I/O, ehambisa imiqondiso phakathi kweebhodi zemodyuli yememori kunye nayo yonke ikhompyuter yeLVDC. Umdibaniso oluhlaza we-98-pin ezantsi udibanisa kwi-chassis yememori ye-LVDC, ukubonelela ngemiqondiso kunye namandla avela kwikhompyutheni. Uninzi lweziqhagamshelo zeplastiki zaphukile, yiyo loo nto abafowunelwa bebonakala. Ibhodi yokusabalalisa idibaniswe kwesi siqhagamshelo ngeentambo ezimbini ze-49-pin flexible ezantsi (kuphela intambo yangaphambili ibonakala). Ezinye iintambo eziguquguqukayo zisasaza imiqondiso kwiBhodi yoMqhubi we-X (ngasekhohlo), iBhodi ye-Y Driver (ngasekunene), iBhodi ye-Sense Amplifier (phezulu), kunye neBhodi ye-Inhibit (ezantsi). I-20 capacitors kwibhodi yokucoca amandla anikezelwe kwimodyuli yememori.
Ibhodi ye-I/O phakathi kwemodyuli yememori kunye nayo yonke ikhompyuter. Isidibanisi esiluhlaza ezantsi siqhagamshela kwikhompyuter kwaye le miqondiso ihanjiswa ngeentambo ezisicaba kwezinye iindawo zemodyuli yenkumbulo.
isiphelo
Imodyuli ephambili yememori ye-LVDC ibonelele ngokugcinwa okuncinci, okuthembekileyo. Ukuya kuthi ga kwiimodyuli zememori ezi-8 zinokubekwa kwisiqingatha esisezantsi sekhompyuter. Oku kuvumela ikhompyuter ukugcina ii-32 Amagama angama-26-bit okanye iikhilogama ezili-16 kwimowudi engafunekiyo ethembeke kakhulu ethi "duplex".
Enye into enomdla ye-LVDC yayikukuba iimodyuli zememori zinokubonakaliswa ukuthembeka. Kwimo ye "duplex", igama ngalinye ligcinwe kwiimodyuli ezimbini zeememori. Ukuba kukho imposiso kwimodyuli enye, igama elichanekileyo lingafunyanwa kwenye imodyuli. Ngelixa oku kunikeze ukuthembeka, kunqumle unyawo lwenkumbulo kwisiqingatha. Kungenjalo, iimodyuli zememori zingasetyenziswa kwimo ye "simplex", ngegama ngalinye ligcinwe kube kanye.
I-LVDC ithathelwe kwiimodyuli ze-CPU ezisibhozo
Imodyuli yememori engundoqo yamagnetic inika umboniso obonakalayo wexesha apho ukugcinwa kwe-8 KB kufuna imodyuli ye-5-pound (2,3 kg). Nangona kunjalo, le nkumbulo yayigqibelele kakhulu ngexesha layo. Ezo zixhobo zayeka ukusetyenziswa kwiminyaka yoo-1970 ngokufika kwee-semiconductor DRAMs.
Imixholo ye-RAM igcinwa xa amandla ecinyiwe, ngoko ke kusenokwenzeka ukuba imodyuli isagcina isoftware ukusuka kwixesha lokugqibela ikhompyuter isetyenziswa. Ewe, ewe, apho unokufumana into enomdla namashumi eminyaka kamva. Kuya kuba ngumdla ukuzama ukubuyisela le datha, kodwa isekethe eyonakeleyo idala ingxaki, ngoko ke imixholo ayinakukwazi ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwimodyuli yememori enye ishumi leminyaka.
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umthombo: www.habr.com