Enye yeeracks zangaphakathi ze-virtualization. Siye sabhideka kunye nesalathiso sombala weentambo: i-orenji ithetha igalelo lamandla angaqhelekanga, okuluhlaza kuthetha nokuba.
Apha sihlala sithetha "ngezixhobo ezinkulu" - ii-chillers, iiseti zejeneretha yedizili, iibhodi zokutshintsha eziphambili. Namhlanje siza kuthetha "ngezinto ezincinci" - iisokethi kwiiracks, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Power Distribution Unit (PDU). Amaziko ethu edatha anama-racks angaphezu kwe-4 amawaka azaliswe zizixhobo ze-IT, ngoko ndabona izinto ezininzi ezisebenzayo: ii-PDU zakudala, "ezihlakaniphile" ezinokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula, iibhloko eziqhelekileyo zesokhethi. Namhlanje ndiza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi ii-PDU ezikhoyo kwaye yintoni engcono ukukhetha kwimeko ethile.
Zeziphi iintlobo zePDU ezikhoyo?
Ibhloko yesokethi elula. Ewe, ikwangulowo uhlala kuwo onke amakhaya okanye iofisi.
Ngokusesikweni, le ayisiyiyo ncam iPDU ngengqiqo yokusetyenziswa kwamashishini kwiiracks ezinezixhobo ze-IT, kodwa ezi zixhobo zinabalandeli bazo. Inzuzo yodwa yesi sisombululo yindleko yayo ephantsi (ixabiso liqala ukusuka kuma-ruble angama-2 amawaka). Banokunceda kwakhona ukuba usebenzisa iiracks ezivulekileyo, apho awukwazi ukulingana ne-PDU eqhelekileyo, kwaye awufuni ukulahlekelwa iiyunithi phantsi kwePDU ethe tye. Oku kubuyela kumbuzo wokulondoloza.
Kukho izinto ezingalunganga ezininzi: ezo zixhobo azihlali zinokhuseleko lwangaphakathi kwiisekethe ezimfutshane kunye nomthwalo ogqithisiweyo, awukwazi ukubeka iliso izikhombisi, kwaye ngakumbi awuyi kukwazi ukulawula iziseko. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziya kuba zibekwe emazantsi e-rack. Esi ayisosona sikhundla sifanelekileyo seziseko zokuqhawula izixhobo.
Ngokubanzi, "abaqhubi beenqwelomoya" banokusetyenziswa ukuba:
- unamawaka eeseva kwaye kufuneka ugcine imali,
- unokukwazi ukudibanisa izixhobo ngokungaboniyo, ngaphandle kokuqonda okwenzekayo ngokusetyenziswa kokwenyani,
- ilungele ixesha lokuphumla kwezixhobo.
Asiyisebenzisi le nto, kodwa sinabathengi abayenza ngempumelelo. Enyanisweni, bakha iziseko zeenkonzo zabo ngendlela yokuba ukusilela kweeseva ezininzi akuchaphazeli ukusebenza kwesicelo somthengi.
Ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye echwayitile.
Ukubekwa ngokuthe nkqo.
"Izidenge" zePDU. Ngokwenyani, le yiPDU yakudala yokusetyenziswa kwiiracks ezinezixhobo ze-IT, kwaye sele ilungile. Banefomu efanelekileyo yokubekwa kumacala e-rack, okwenza kube lula ukudibanisa izixhobo kubo. Kukho ukhuseleko lwangaphakathi. Ii-PDU ezinjalo azinalo iliso, oku kuthetha ukuba asiyi kukwazi ukuba zeziphi izixhobo ezidla kangakanani, kwaye yintoni eyenzekayo ngaphakathi. Phantse asinazo ii-PDU ezinjalo ezisele, kwaye ngokubanzi ziyanyamalala ngokuthe ngcembe ekusebenziseni uninzi.
Ii-PDU ezinjalo zibiza ukusuka kuma-ruble angama-25 amawaka.
"Smart" PDUs kunye esweni. Ezi zixhobo zine "ubuchopho" kwaye ziyakwazi ukubeka iliso kwiiparamitha zokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Kukho umboniso apho izibonakaliso eziphambili ziboniswa: i-voltage, okwangoku kunye namandla. Unokuzilandela ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo eevenkile: amacandelo okanye iibhanki. Ungaqhagamshela kwi-PDU enjalo ukude kwaye uqwalasele ukuthumela idatha kwinkqubo yokubeka iliso. Babhala izigodo apho unokubona yonke into eyenzekayo kuyo, umzekelo, xa kanye iPDU icinyiwe.
Basenokuthi kananjalo babale ukusetyenziswa (kWh) kucwangciso-mali lobugcisa ukuze baqonde ukuba irekhi isetyenziselwa kangakanani na ngexesha elithile.
Ezi ziiPDU ezisemgangathweni esizinikezela kubathengi bethu ukuba zirente, kwaye ezi zininzi zePDU kumaziko ethu edatha.
Ukuba uthenge, lungele ukukhupha ii-ruble ezingamawaka angama-75 nganye.
Igrafu evela esweni lwethu lwangaphakathi lwePDU.
"Smart" PDUs kunye nolawulo. Ezi PDU zongeza ulawulo kwizakhono ezichazwe ngasentla. Ii-PDU ezipholileyo zilawula kwaye zibeke iliso kwi-outlet nganye: unokuyivula / ukuvala, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko kwiimeko apho umsebenzi ukude uqalise kwakhona umncedisi ngenxa yamandla. Oku kubini ubuhle kunye nobungozi be-PDU ezinjalo: umsebenzisi oqhelekileyo, ngokungazi, unokungena kwi-interface yewebhu, cofa into kwaye kwenye i-swoop swoop reboot / cima yonke inkqubo. Ewe, inkqubo iya kukulumkisa kabini malunga neziphumo, kodwa ukuziqhelanisa kubonisa ukuba nee-alam azisoloko zikhusela kwizenzo zabasebenzisi be-rash.
Ingxaki enkulu ngee-PDU ezihlakaniphile kukufudumala kunye nokungaphumeleli komlawuli kunye nomboniso. Ii-PDU zihlala zifakwe ngasemva kwi-rack, apho umoya oshushu uvuthelwa ngaphandle. Kushushu apho kwaye abalawuli abakwazi ukuyiphatha. Kule meko, i-PDU ayifuni ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo; umlawuli unokutshintshwa kushushu.
Ewe, ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu - ukusuka kwi-ruble eyi-120 lamawaka.
I-PDU yolawulo inokuchongwa ngesalathisi phantsi kwesokethi nganye.
Ngokombono wam, umsebenzi wokulawula kwi-PDU ngumbandela wokunambitha, kodwa ukubeka iliso kufuneka kube nakho. Ngaphandle koko, kuya kuba nzima ukulandelela ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulayisha. Ndiza kukuxelela ukuba kutheni oku kubalulekile kamva.
Ubalwa njani amandla ePDU afunekayo?
Ukuqala nje, yonke into apha ilula kakhulu: amandla e-PDU akhethwe ngokuhambelana namandla e-rack, kodwa kukho ama-nuances. Masithi ufuna i-10 kW rack. Abavelisi bePDU banikezela ngemodeli ye-3, 7, 11, 22 kW. Khetha i-11 kW, kwaye, ngelishwa, uya kuba nephutha. Kuya kufuneka sikhethe ama-22 kW. Kutheni sifuna isixa esikhulu kangaka? Ndizakucacisa yonke into ngoku.
Okokuqala, abavelisi bahlala bebonisa amandla e-PDU kwi-kilowatts kune-kilovolt-amperes, echanekileyo ngakumbi, kodwa ayibonakali kumntu oqhelekileyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha abavelisi ngokwabo benza ukudideka okongeziweyo:
Apha baqala bathetha nge-11 kW,
Kwaye kwinkcazo eneenkcukacha sithetha nge-11000 VA:
Ukuba ujongene neeketile kunye nabathengi abafanayo, ngoko akuyi kubakho mahluko phakathi kwe-kW kunye ne-kVA. Irack ye-10 kW eneeketile iya kusebenzisa i-10 kVA. Kodwa ukuba sinezixhobo ze-IT, ngoko i-coefficient (cos Ο) ibonakala apho: entsha isixhobo, i-coefficient isondele kwenye. Umyinge wesibhedlele sezixhobo ze-IT unokuba ngu-0,93-0,95. Ngoko ke, i-10 kW rack ene-IT iya kudla i-10,7 kVA. Nantsi indlela esifumene ngayo i-10,7 kVA.
IPtotali=Isivumelwano./Cos(Ο)
10/0.93=10.7 kVA
Ewe, uya kubuza umbuzo onengqiqo: i-10,7 ingaphantsi kwe-11. Kutheni sifuna i-remote control eyi-22 kW? Kukho inqaku lesibini: izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwesixhobo liya kuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lemini kunye nosuku lweveki. Xa usasaza amandla, kufuneka uthathe lo mzuzu kwi-akhawunti kwaye ugcine i-~ 10% yokuguquguquka kunye nokunyuka, ukwenzela ukuba xa ukusetyenziswa kunyuka, ii-PDU zingangeni kwi-overload kwaye zishiye izixhobo ngaphandle kwamandla.
Igrafu yokusetyenziswa kwe-rack ye-10 kW iintsuku ezi-4.
Kuyavela ukuba kufuneka songeze enye i-10,7% kwi-10 kW esinayo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, i-remote control ye-11 kW ayisasifanelanga.
Imodeli yokulawula kude
Izigaba
Amandla omenzi, kVA
Amandla eDtLN, kW
1 f
3,7
3
1 f
7,4
6
3 f
11
9
3 f
22
18
Iqhekeza letafile yamandla kwiimodeli ezithile zePDU ngokweDathaLine. Uthathela ingqalelo uguqulo ukusuka kwi-kVA ukuya kwi-kW kunye nogcino lwezandi ngexesha lasemini.
Iimpawu ezinyukayo
Eyona nto ilunge kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nePDU xa inyuswe ngokuthe nkqo, ngasekhohlo nasekunene kwerack. Kule meko, ayithathi nayiphi na indawo eluncedo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuya kuthi ga kwii-PDU ezine kunokufakwa kwi-rack - ezimbini ngasekhohlo kunye ezimbini ngasekunene. Amaxesha amaninzi, iPDU enye ibekwe kwicala ngalinye. I-PDU nganye ifumana igalelo lamandla elinye.
Umgangatho "wekiti yomzimba" we-rack yi-2 PDUs kunye ne-1 ATS.
Ngamanye amaxesha akukho ndawo kwi-rack yee-PDU ezithe nkqo, umzekelo ukuba yi-rack evulekileyo. Emva koko ii-PDU ezithe tyaba ziza kuhlangula. Into kuphela kukuba kule meko kuya kufuneka wamkele ukulahlekelwa kweeyunithi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 kwi-rack, kuxhomekeke kwimodeli yePDU.
Apha iPDU yatya iiyunithi ezi-4. Olu hlobo lwe-PDU lukwasetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko ukwahlula phakathi kwabathengi ababini kwi-rack efanayo. Kulo mzekelo, umxhasi ngamnye uya kuba neqela elahlukileyo lePDU.
Kwenzeka ukuba i-rack ekhethiweyo ayinzulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye umncedisi unamathele ngaphandle, uvimba iPDU. Eyona nto ibuhlungu apha ayikuko ukuba ezinye iisokethi ziya kuba zingasebenzi, kodwa ukuba i-PDU enjalo iyaphuka, kuya kufuneka uyingcwabe ngqo kwi-rack, okanye ucime kwaye ususe zonke izixhobo eziphazamisayo.
Sukwenza oku-1.
Sukwenza oku-2.
Uqhagamshelo lwezixhobo
Nokuba eyona PDU iphucukileyo ayisayi kunceda ukuba izixhobo ziqhagamshelwe ngokungalunganga kwaye akukho ndlela yokubeka iliso kusetyenziso.
Yintoni enokonakala? Kancinci . Irack nganye inamagalelo amabini amandla; irack eqhelekileyo inePDU ezimbini. Kuyavela ukuba iPDU nganye inegalelo layo. Ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo kwelinye lamagalelo (funda iPDU), i-rack iyaqhubeka iphila okwesibini. Ukuze esi sikimu sisebenze, kufuneka ulandele imigaqo ethile. Nazi ezona ziphambili (ungalufumana uluhlu olupheleleyo ):
Isixhobo kufuneka siqhagamshelwe kwii-PDU ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba isixhobo sinombane omnye kunye neplagi enye, ngoko ixhunyiwe kwi-PDU nge-ATS (i-automatic transfer switch) okanye i-ATS (i-Automatic Transfer Switch). Kwimeko yeengxaki ngenye yegalelo okanye i-PDU ngokwayo, i-ATS itshintshela izixhobo kwi-PDU / igalelo eliphilileyo. Isixhobo asiyi kuva nantoni na.
Umthwalo odityanisiweyo kumagalelo amabini/PDU. Igalelo eligcinayo liya kugcina kuphela ukuba linokumelana nomthwalo wegalelo eliwileyo. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ushiye indawo yokugcina: layisha igalelo ngalinye ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha samandla alinganisiweyo, kwaye umthwalo opheleleyo kumagalelo amabini wawungaphantsi kwe-100% yegama. Kule meko kuphela igalelo eliseleyo liya kumelana nomthwalo ophindwe kabini. Ukuba oku akunjalo kuwe, ngoko iqhinga lokutshintshela kwi-reserve aliyi kusebenza - izixhobo ziya kuhlala zingenamandla. Ukuthintela okubi ukuba kwenzeke, thina le parameter.
Umthwalo wokulinganisa phakathi kwamacandelo ePDU. Iziseko zePDU zidityanisiwe zibe ngamaqela - amacandelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iziqwenga ezi-2 okanye ezi-3. Icandelo ngalinye linomlinganiselo walo wamandla. Kubalulekile ukuba ungagqithisi kwaye usasaze umthwalo ngokulinganayo kuwo onke amacandelo. Ewe, ibali elinemithwalo edibeneyo, elixoxwe ngasentla, liyasebenza apha.
Makhe ndishwankathele
- Ukuba kuyenzeka, khetha iPDU enomsebenzi wokubeka iliso.
- Xa ukhetha imodeli yePDU, shiya oovimba bamandla athile.
- Nyusa iPDU ukuze itshintshwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izixhobo zakho ze-IT.
- Xhuma ngokuchanekileyo: qhagamshela izixhobo kwii-PDU ezimbini, musa ukugqithisela amacandelo kwaye uqaphele imithwalo edibeneyo.
umthombo: www.habr.com