Iingongoma eziphambili

• Kwiminyaka eliqela ngoku, sithenjiswe ukuba ikhompyuter engenaseva iya kuzisa ixesha elitsha ngaphandle kwe-OS ethile yokuqhuba izicelo. Saxelelwa ukuba esi sakhiwo siza kusombulula iingxaki ezininzi zobunzima. Enyanisweni, yonke into yahlukile.
• Ngelixa abaninzi bejonga i-serverless njengengcinga entsha, iingcambu zayo zinokulandelelwa ngo-2006 ngokufika kweZimki PaaS kunye ne-Google App Engine, zombini ezisebenzisa i-architecture engena-server.
• Kukho izizathu ezine zokuba kutheni i-serverless revolution iye yamisa, ukusuka kwinkxaso yolwimi lweprogram elinganiselweyo ukuya kwimiba yokusebenza.
• Ikhompuyutha engasebenziyo ayiloncedo kwaphela. Hayi akunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki ukuba zithathwe njengokutshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo kweeseva. Kwezinye izicelo zinokuba sisixhobo esiluncedo.

Umncedisi ufile, phila ixesha elide umncedisi!

Esi sisikhalo sedabi soguquko olungenaseva. Ukujonga nje okukhawulezayo kushicilelo lweshishini kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo kwaye kulula ukugqiba ukuba imodeli yeseva yemveli ifile kwaye kwiminyaka embalwa siya kusebenzisa ulwakhiwo olungenamncedisi.

Njengoko nabani na okwishishini esazi, kwaye njengoko sikwabonisile kwinqaku lethu imeko yecomputing engenamncedisi, oku akulunganga. Nangona amanqaku amaninzi malunga nokufaneleka inguqulelo engenaseva, ayizange yenzeke. Inyaniso, Uphando lwamva nje lubonisaukuba le revolution inokuba ifikelele esiphelweni.

Ezinye zezithembiso zeemodeli ezingenamncedisi ziye zafezekiswa, kodwa ayizizo zonke. Ayinguye wonke umntu.

Kweli nqaku ndifuna ukujonga izizathu zale meko. Kutheni ukungabikho kokuguquguquka kweemodeli ezingenasiphelo kusengumqobo ekuthathweni kwazo ngokubanzi, nangona zihlala ziluncedo kwiimeko ezithile, ezichazwe kakuhle.

Yintoni i-adepts ye-serverless computing ethenjisiweyo

Phambi kokuba singene kwimingeni yekhompyuter engenaseva, makhe sijonge into ebekufanele ukuba ibonelele ngayo. Isithembiso soguquko olungenaseva bebaninzi kwaye - ngamanye amaxesha - babe namabhongo kakhulu.

Kwabo bangalaziyo eli gama, nantsi inkcazelo ekhawulezayo. Ikhompuyutha engenamava ichaza uyilo apho usetyenziso (okanye iinxalenye zezicelo) ziqhuba ngokwemfuno kwiimeko zexesha lokusebenza eziqhele ukusingathwa kude. Ukongeza, iinkqubo ezingenamncedisi zinokubanjwa ekhaya. Ukwakha iisistim ezikwaziyo ukumelana neeseva kube yinkxalabo enkulu kubalawuli benkqubo kunye neenkampani ze-SaaS kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, njengoko (kubangwa) olu lwakhiwo lubonelela ngeengenelo ezininzi eziphambili ngaphezulu kwemodeli "yemveli" yomncedisi womthengi:

1. Iimodeli ezingenaseva azifuni ukuba abasebenzisi bagcine iindlela zabo zokusebenza okanye bade benze usetyenziso oluhambelana nee-OS ezithile. Endaweni yoko, abaphuhlisi benza ikhowudi ekwabelwana ngayo, bayilayishe kwiqonga elingenamncedisi, kwaye bayibukele iqhuba.
2. Izixhobo zokusebenza kwisakhelo esingenamncedisi zihlawulwa ngomzuzu (okanye nangowesibini). Oku kuthetha ukuba abathengi bahlawula kuphela ixesha abaqhuba ngayo ikhowudi. Oku kuthelekisa ngokufanelekileyo ne-VM yelifu lemveli, apho umatshini ungasebenzi ixesha elininzi, kodwa kufuneka uwuhlawule.
3. Ingxaki yokwandiswa nayo yasonjululwa. Izixhobo zokusebenza kwisakhelo esingenamncedisi zinikezelwe ngokuguquguqukayo ukuze inkqubo ikwazi ukumelana nokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno.

Ngamafutshane, iimodeli ezingenayo iseva zibonelela ngezisombululo eziguquguqukayo, eziphantsi kweendleko, nezinokwehla. Kuyamangalisa ukuba asizange sicinge ngale ngcamango ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaba ngokwenene le yingcamango entsha?

Enyanisweni, le ngcamango ayikho ntsha. Ingqikelelo yokuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlawule kuphela ngexesha ikhowudi eqhuba ngayo sele ikhona ukusukela oko yaziswa ngu Zimki PaaS ngo-2006, kwaye kwangaxeshanye i-Google App Engine inika isisombululo esifanayo.

Ngapha koko, into esiyibiza ngoku imodeli "engenamncedisi" indala kunetekhnoloji eninzi ngoku ebizwa ngokuba "yimveli yelifu" ebonelela ngento enye. Njengoko kuphawuliwe, iimodeli ezingenaseva zilulwandiso lwemodeli yeshishini le-SaaS ebikho amashumi eminyaka.

Kukwafanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-serverless ayilulo ulwakhiwo lweFaaS, nangona kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi zimbini. I-FaaS yinxalenye ye-compute-centric ye-architecture engenamncedisi, kodwa ayimeli yonke inkqubo.

Ngoko yintoni le ingaka? Ewe, njengoko amazinga okungena kwi-intanethi eqhubeka nokunyuka phezulu kumazwe asakhasayo, imfuno yezixhobo zekhompyuter iyanda ngaxeshanye. Umzekelo, amazwe amaninzi anamacandelo e-e-commerce akhula ngokukhawuleza akanaso isiseko sekhompuyutha kwizicelo kula maqonga. Apha kulapho iiplatifti ezihlawulelwayo ezingenaseva zingena khona.

Iingxaki ngeeModeli ezingenaServerless

Ukubamba kukuba iimodeli ezingenaseva zine... iingxaki. Ungandivi kakubi: anditsho ukuba zimbi ngokwe-se nganye okanye aziboneleli ngexabiso elibalulekileyo kwezinye iinkampani kwiimeko ezithile. Kodwa elona bango liphambili "loguquko" -olo yilo lolwakhiwo lungenasiphako luya kuthatha indawo yoyilo lwemveli-alusoze lwenzeke.

Kunjalo ngoba.

Inkxaso encinci yeelwimi zokuprograma

Uninzi lwamaqonga angenamncedisi akuvumela kuphela ukuba usebenzise izicelo ezibhalwe ngeelwimi ezithile. Oku kuthintela kakhulu ukuguquguquka kunye nokuguquguquka kwezi nkqubo.

Amaqonga angenaseva athathwa njengokuxhasa uninzi lweelwimi eziphambili. I-AWS Lambda kunye ne-Azure Functions ikwabonelela nge-wrapper yokuqhuba izicelo kunye nemisebenzi kwiilwimi ezingaxhaswanga, nangona oku kuhlala kuza neendleko zokusebenza. Ke kwimibutho emininzi esi sithintelo asiyonto inkulu. Kodwa nantsi into. Enye yeenzuzo zeemodeli ezingenaseva kufuneka ibe yinto encinci eyaziwayo, iinkqubo ezinqabileyo ezisetyenziswayo zingasetyenziswa ngexabiso eliphantsi kuba uhlawula kuphela ixesha abaqhuba ngalo. Kwaye kwaziwa kancinci, iinkqubo ezinqabileyo ezisetyenziswayo zihlala zibhalwa ... kancinane-zaziwa, iilwimi zokuprograma ezinqabileyo zisetyenziswa.

Oku kujongela phantsi enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zemodeli engenamncedisi.

Ukubophelela komthengisi

Ingxaki yesibini ngamaqonga angenawo umncedisi, okanye ubuncinci indlela eziphunyezwa ngayo ngoku, kukuba ngokuqhelekileyo azifani ngokufanayo kwinqanaba lokusebenza. Akukho kubekwa emgangathweni ngokwemigaqo yemisebenzi yokubhala, ukusasazwa kunye nolawulo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukufuduka kweempawu ukusuka kwelinye iqonga ukuya kwelinye kudla ixesha elininzi.

Elona candelo linzima lokufudukela kwimodeli engenamncedisi ayiyomisebenzi yekhompyutha, edla ngokuba yiziqwengana nje zekhowudi, kodwa indlela izicelo ezinxibelelana ngayo neenkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ezifana nokugcinwa kwezinto, ulawulo lwesazisi, kunye nemigca. Imisebenzi inokususwa, kodwa usetyenziso oluseleyo alukwazi. Oku kuchasene ngqo namaqonga angabizi kwaye aguquguqukayo athenjisiweyo.

Abanye baxoxa ukuba iimodeli ezingenaseva zintsha kwaye akukhange kubekho xesha lokulinganisa indlela ezisebenza ngayo. Kodwa azintshanga, njengoko ndiphawulile ngasentla, kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji zamafu, ezinjengezikhongozeli, sele zisebenziseka ngakumbi kuphuhliso kunye nokwamkelwa kwemigangatho elungileyo.

Imveliso

Ukusebenza kwekhompuyutha yamaqonga angenawo umncedisi kunzima ukulinganisa, inxalenye kuba abathengisi bavame ukugcina ulwazi lwangasese. Uninzi luxoxa ukuba imisebenzi ekude, iiplatifti ezingenamncedisi zisebenza ngokukhawuleza njengalezo zingaphakathi kwiiseva, ngaphandle kwemibandela embalwa engenakuthintelwa ye-latency.

Noko ke, izibakala zibonisa okwahlukileyo koko. Iimpawu ezingazange zisebenze kwiqonga elithile okanye ezingakhange ziqhube kangangexesha elithile ziya kuthatha ixesha ukuqalisa. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yokuba ikhowudi yabo ifakwe kwindawo yokugcina efikelelekayo, nangona - njengakwibhentshimakhi - uninzi lwabathengisi abayi kukuxelela malunga nokufuduka kwedatha.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho iindlela ezininzi malunga nale nto. Enye kukwandisa iimpawu zalo naluphi na ulwimi lwelifu iqonga lakho elingenaseva eliqhubayo, kodwa oku kujongela phantsi ibango lokuba la maqonga “ayakhawuleza.”

Enye indlela kukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso ziqhutywa rhoqo ukuzigcina zintsha. Le ndlela yesibini, ngokuqinisekileyo, iphikisana nebango lokuba amaqonga angenawo umncedisi axabisa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba uhlawula kuphela ixesha leenkqubo zakho ezisebenzayo. Ababoneleli ngamafu baye bazisa iindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa ukuqala okubandayo, kodwa ezininzi zazo zifuna "isikali ukuya kwesinye," esijongela phantsi ixabiso lokuqala le-FaaS.

Ingxaki yokuqala ebandayo ingasonjululwa ngokuyinxenye ngokuqhuba iinkqubo ezingenayo i-server ngaphakathi kwendlu, kodwa oku kuza neendleko zayo kwaye kuhlala kuyindlela yokukhetha amaqela axhotyiswe kakuhle.

Awunakukwazi ukwenza zonke izicelo

Okokugqibela, mhlawumbi esona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokuba kutheni ulwakhiwo olungenamncedisi aluyi kuthatha indawo yeemodeli zemveli nangaliphi na ixesha kungekudala: bona (ngesiqhelo) abanakukwazi ukwenza izicelo ezipheleleyo.

Ngokuchanekileyo, akunakwenzeka ngokwembono yeendleko. I-monolith yakho ephumeleleyo mhlawumbi akufuneki ijikwe ibe luluhlu lwemisebenzi elinesibini edityaniswe ngamasango asibhozo, imigca engamashumi amane kunye neshumi elinesibini lemizekelo yedatabase. Ngesi sizathu, i-serverless ilunge ngakumbi kuphuhliso olutsha. Phantse akukho sicelo sikhoyo (uyilo lwezakhiwo) esinokufuduswa. Ungafuduka, kodwa kufuneka uqale ukusuka ekuqaleni.

Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, iiplatifomu ezingenayo i-server zisetyenziselwa ukuncedisa emva kweeseva ukwenza imisebenzi enzima kakhulu. Oku kubenza bahluke kakhulu kwezinye iindlela ezimbini zetekhnoloji yamafu-izikhongozeli kunye noomatshini ababonakalayo-ababonelela ngendlela epheleleyo yokwenza ikhompyuter ekude. Oku kubonisa enye yemiceli mngeni yokuhamba ukusuka kwiinkonzo ezincinci ukuya kwi-serverless.

Kakade ke, oku akusoloko kuyingxaki. Ukukwazi ukunyusa amaxesha ngamaxesha izixhobo ezinkulu zekhompyuter ngaphandle kokuthenga i-hardware yakho kunokuzisa inzuzo yokwenyani, ehlala ihleli kwimibutho emininzi. Kodwa xa ezinye izicelo zihlala kwiiseva zangaphakathi kunye nezinye kwi-serverless cloud architectures, ulawulo luthatha inqanaba elitsha lobunzima.

Uphila ixesha elide uvukelo?

Ngaphandle kwazo zonke ezi zikhalazo, andichasananga nezisombululo ezingenaseva ngokwesibini. Ngokunyanisekileyo. Abaphuhlisi kufuneka nje baqonde-ingakumbi ukuba baphonononga ukungasebenzi okokuqala-ukuba itekhnoloji ayisiyonto ithatha indawo ngokuthe ngqo yeeseva. Endaweni yoko, jonga iingcebiso zethu kunye nezixhobo ukwenza izicelo ezingenamncedisi kwaye uthathe isigqibo ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusebenzisa imodeli.

umthombo: www.habr.com