Xa kuziwa kwi-automation yeenkqubo kwishishini le-petrochemical, i-stereotype idla ngokufika ukuba imveliso iyinkimbinkimbi, oko kuthetha ukuba yonke into enokufikelelwa izenzekelayo apho, ngenxa yeenkqubo zokulawula inkqubo. Enyanisweni akunjalo.
Ishishini lepetrochemical eneneni lizisebenzele kakuhle, kodwa oku kuchaphazela eyona nkqubo yetekhnoloji, apho i-automation kunye nokunciphisa into yomntu ibaluleke kakhulu. Zonke iinkqubo ezinxulumene nazo azizenzekelanga ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zezisombululo zolawulo lwenkqubo ezenzekelayo kwaye zenziwa ngesandla. Ngoko ke, imeko apho kanye isibini ngasinye iiyure umqeshwa ujonga ngesandla ukuba le okanye laa umbhobho ishushu ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba iswitshi efunekayo ivuliwe nokuba ivelufa irhoxisiwe, ukuba inqanaba lokungcangcazela lokuthwala liqhelekile - oku kuyinto eqhelekileyo. .
Uninzi lweenkqubo ezingabalulekanga azizenzekelanga, kodwa oku kunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-Intanethi yeZinto kunenkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo.
Ngelishwa, kukho ingxaki apha - i-gap kunxibelelwano phakathi kwabathengi abavela kwishishini lepetrochemical kunye nabaphuhlisi bentsimbi ngokwabo, abangenawo abathengi kwishishini leoli kunye negesi kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, abafumani ulwazi malunga neemfuno zezixhobo zokusetyenziswa. kwiindawo ezinobundlobongela, eziqhumayo, kwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima, njl.
Kule post siza kuthetha ngale ngxaki kunye nendlela yokusombulula ngayo.
IoT kwiikhemikhali zepetroli
Ukujonga ezinye iiparameters, sisebenzisa i-walk-throughs ngenjongo yokuhlola okubonakalayo kunye ne-tactile yezinto ezingabalulekanga zokufakela. Enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo inxulumene nokunikezelwa komphunga. Umphunga sisipholisi kwiinkqubo ezininzi zepetrochemical, kwaye unikezelwa ukusuka kwindawo yokufudumeza ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela ngemibhobho emide. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba iifektri zethu kunye nofakelo lubekwe kwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima, ubusika eRashiya bunzima, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iibhobho ziqala ukukhenkceza.
Ngoko ke, ngokwemigaqo, abasebenzi abathile kufuneka benze imijikelezo kanye ngeyure kwaye balinganise ukushisa kwemibhobho. Kwinqanaba lesityalo sonke, eli linani elikhulu labantu abaphantse bangenzi nto ngaphandle kokuhambahamba kunye nokuchukumisa imibhobho.
Okokuqala, ayilunganga: amaqondo obushushu anokuba phantsi, kwaye kufuneka uhambe umgama omde. Okwesibini, ngale ndlela akunakwenzeka ukuqokelela kwaye, ngokukodwa, ukusebenzisa idatha kwinkqubo. Okwesithathu, kuyabiza: bonke aba bantu kufuneka benze umsebenzi oluncedo ngakumbi. Ekugqibeleni, into yomntu: ngokuchanekileyo kangakanani umlinganiselo wokushisa, kwenzeka njani oku?
Kwaye esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni abaphathi beplanti kunye nofakelo bakhathazeke kakhulu malunga nokunciphisa impembelelo yento yomntu kwiinkqubo zobugcisa.
Esi sisifundo sokuqala esiluncedo sokusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka kwe-IoT kwimveliso.
Okwesibini lulawulo lokungcangcazela. Isixhobo sineenjini zombane, kwaye ulawulo lokungcangcazela kufuneka lwenziwe. Okwangoku, kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo, ngesandla - kanye ngosuku, abantu bahamba bejikeleza kwaye basebenzise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokulinganisa inqanaba lokungcangcazela ukuze baqinisekise ukuba yonke into ilungile. Oku kwakhona yinkcitho yexesha kunye nobutyebi boluntu, kwakhona impembelelo yento yomntu ekuchanekeni kunye nokuphindaphinda kwemijikelo enjalo, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba awukwazi ukusebenzisana nedatha enjalo, kuba akukho datha yokucubungula kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuqhubela phambili kwinkonzo yezixhobo eziguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe kwimeko.
Kwaye le ngoku yenye yeendlela eziphambili kwishishini - utshintsho ukusuka ekugcinweni kwesiqhelo ukuya kulondolozo olusekelwe kwimeko, kunye nombutho ofanelekileyo apho iirekhodi ezisebenzayo kunye neenkcukacha zeeyure zokusebenza kwezixhobo kunye nokulawula ngokupheleleyo imeko yayo yangoku igcinwa. Ngokomzekelo, xa kufika ixesha lokujonga iimpompo, uhlolisise iiparameters zabo kwaye ubone ukuba ngeli xesha ipompo ye-A ikwazile ukuqokelela inani elifunekayo leeyure ze-injini yokukhonza, kodwa ipompo B ayikabikho, oku kuthetha ukuba ingakwazi ' t kunikwa inkonzo okwangoku, kuse early kakhulu.
Ngokubanzi, kufana nokutshintsha ioyile emotweni rhoqo ngeekhilomitha ezingama-15. Umntu unokuyicima le nto kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kwabanye kuya kuthatha unyaka, kwaye kwabanye kuya kuthatha ixesha elide, kuxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo imoto ethile.
Kuyafana nangeempompo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho inguqu yesibini echaphazela imfuno yokugcinwa - imbali yezibonakaliso zokungcangcazela. Masithi imbali yokungcangcazela yayilungelelene, impompo nayo ayikasebenzi okwangoku, okuthetha ukuba akufuneki siyisebenzise okwangoku. Kwaye ukuba imbali ye-vibration ayiqhelekanga, ngoko impompo enjalo kufuneka isetyenziswe ngaphandle kweeyure zokusebenza. Kwaye ngokuphambeneyo - ngembali ebalaseleyo yokungcangcazela, siyayisebenzela ukuba iiyure zisetyenziwe.
Ukuba uthatha konke oku ku-akhawunti kwaye uqhube ukugcinwa ngale ndlela, unokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenzisa izixhobo ezinamandla ngama-20 okanye ama-30 ekhulwini. Ukuqwalasela umlinganiselo wemveliso, la manani abaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumgangatho kwaye ngaphandle kokunciphisa izinga lokhuseleko. Kwaye le yimeko esele ilungile yokusebenzisa i-IIoT kwishishini.
Zininzi izixhobo zokubala apho ulwazi ngoku luqokelelwa ngesandla (βndahamba, ndajonga, ndabhala phantsiβ). Kukwasebenza ngakumbi ukukhonza konke oku kwi-intanethi, ukubona ngexesha lokwenyani ukuba kusetyenziswa ntoni kwaye njani. Le ndlela iya kunceda kakhulu ekusombululeni umba wokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla: ukwazi amanani achanekileyo okusetyenziswa, unokubonelela nge-steam eninzi kumbhobho A ekuseni, kunye ne-steam kwipayipi B ngokuhlwa, umzekelo. Emva koko, ngoku izitishi zokufudumeza zakhiwe ngomda omkhulu ukwenzela ukubonelela ngokuchanekileyo onke amacandelo ngobushushu. Kodwa awukwazi ukwakha ngoovimba, kodwa ngobulumko, usasaza izixhobo ngokufanelekileyo.
Esi sisigqibo esiqhutywa yidatha esefashonini, xa izigqibo zenziwe ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi opheleleyo kunye nedatha eqokelelweyo. Amafu kunye nohlalutyo zithandwa kakhulu namhlanje; kwi-Open Innovations kulo nyaka bekukho intetho eninzi malunga nedatha enkulu kunye namafu. Wonke umntu ulungele ukusebenza ngedatha enkulu, uyiqhube, uyigcine, kodwa kuqala kufuneka idatha iqokelelwe. Kukho intetho encinci malunga noku. Zimbalwa kakhulu iziqalo zehardware kule mihla.
Ityala lesithathu le-IoT kukulandela umkhondo wabasebenzi, ukujikeleza kwe-perimeter, njl. Sisebenzisa oku ukulandelela iintshukumo zabasebenzi kunye nokubeka iliso kwiindawo ezithintelweyo. Ngokomzekelo, umsebenzi othile uqhutyelwa kwindawo, apho kungekho bantu basemzini kufuneka babe khona - kwaye kunokwenzeka ukulawula oku ngokubonakalayo ngexesha langempela. Okanye i-lineman yaya kukhangela impompo, kwaye ihlala nayo ixesha elide kwaye ayishukumi - mhlawumbi umntu uye wagula kwaye ufuna uncedo.
Malunga nemigangatho
Enye ingxaki kukuba akukho badibanisi abalungele ukwenza izisombululo ze-IoT yoshishino. Kuba akukabikho migangatho imiselweyo kule ndawo.
Umzekelo, izinto zinjani ekhaya: sinomzila we-wifi, unokuthenga enye into kwikhaya elihlakaniphile - iketile, i-socket, ikhamera ye-IP okanye ii-bulbs zokukhanya - zidibanise zonke kwi-wifi ekhoyo, kwaye yonke into iya kusebenza. . Ngokuqinisekileyo iya kusebenza, kuba i-wifi ngumgangatho apho yonke into ilungiselelwe.
Kodwa kwintsimi yezisombululo kumashishini, imigangatho yeli nqanaba lokuxhaphaka ayikho. Inyani yeyokuba isiseko secandelo ngokwalo siye safikeleleka mva nje, esivumela i-hardware kwisiseko esinjalo ukukhuphisana nabasebenzi.
Ukuba sithelekisa ngokubonakalayo, amanani aya kuba malunga nesikali esifanayo.
Enye inzwa yenkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo yokusetyenziswa kwamashishini ixabisa malunga ne-2000 yeedola.
Inzwa enye ye-LoRaWAN ixabisa i-3-4 lamawaka eeruble.
Iminyaka eyi-10 edlulileyo kwakukho kuphela iinkqubo zokulawula iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo, ngaphandle kokunye, i-LoRaWAN yabonakala kwiminyaka eyi-5 edlulileyo.
Kodwa asinakuthatha kwaye sisebenzise izinzwa ze-LoRaWAN kuwo wonke amashishini ethu
UKhetho lweTekhnoloji
Nge-wifi yasekhaya yonke into icacile, kunye nezixhobo zeofisi yonke into iyafana.
Akukho migangatho idumileyo nesetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokwe-IoT kwishishini. Kukho, ewe, iqela lemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yemizi-mveliso eziphuhliswa ziinkampani ngokwazo.
Thatha, umzekelo, i-HART engenazintambo, eyenziwa ngabafana base-Emerson - kunye ne-2,4 GHz, phantse i-wifi efanayo. Indawo yokugubungela ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwindawo yi-50-70 yeemitha. Xa ucinga ukuba indawo yofakelo lwethu ingaphezulu kobukhulu bamabala ebhola ekhatywayo, kuba lusizi. Kwaye esinye isikhululo esisisiseko kule meko sinokusebenza ngokuzithemba ukuya kwizixhobo ezili-100. Kwaye ngoku siseta ufakelo olutsha; kwinqanaba lokuqala sele kukho ngaphezulu kwe-400 yoluvo.
Kwaye ke kukho i-NB-IoT (i-NarrowBand Internet yeZinto), enikwe ngabaqhubi beselula. Kwaye kwakhona, kungekhona ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso - okokuqala, kubiza nje (umqhubi uhlawulela i-traffic), kwaye okwesibini, yenza ukuxhomekeka okunamandla kakhulu kubaqhubi be-telecom. Ukuba ufuna ukufaka ezo zinzwa kwiindawo ezifana ne-bunker, apho kungekho nxibelelwano, kwaye kufuneka ufake izixhobo ezongezelelweyo apho, kuya kufuneka uqhagamshelane nomsebenzisi, ngomrhumo kunye nemihla yokugqibela engalindelekanga yokwenza umyalelo wokugubungela. into enothungelwano.
Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-wifi ecocekileyo kwiindawo. Namajelo asekhaya axinene kuzo zombini i-2,4 GHz kunye ne-5 GHz, kwaye sinendawo yokuvelisa enenani elikhulu lezinzwa kunye nezixhobo, hayi nje isibini seekhompyuter kunye neeselfowuni kwiflethi nganye.
Kakade ke, kukho imigangatho yobunini yomgangatho ophilileyo. Kodwa oku akusebenzi xa sakha inethiwekhi enezixhobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, sifuna umgangatho omnye, kwaye kungekhona into evaliweyo eya kuphinda isenze sixhomekeke kumthengisi omnye okanye omnye.
Ke ngoko, umfelandawonye weLoRaWAN ubonakala usisisombululo esihle kakhulu; itekhnoloji ikhula ngokusebenzayo kwaye, ngokoluvo lwam, inalo lonke ithuba lokukhula ukuya kumgangatho opheleleyo. Emva kokwandiswa koluhlu lwamaza e-RU868, sinamajelo amaninzi kunaseYurophu, oku kuthetha ukuba asinakuxhalaba malunga nomthamo womnatha konke konke, okwenza i-LoRaWAN ibe yiprotocol egqwesileyo yokuqokelela iiparamitha ngamaxesha, yithi, kanye ngemizuzu eyi-10. okanye kanye ngeyure.
Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka sifumane idatha kwinani labenzi boluvo kanye rhoqo kwimizuzu eyi-10 ukuze sigcine umfanekiso oqhelekileyo wokucupha, ukuqokelela idatha kunye nokubeka iliso ngokubanzi imeko yesixhobo. Kwaye kwimeko ye-linemen, le ngqungquthela ilingana neyure eyona nto ingcono.
Yintoni enye engekhoyo?
Ukunqongophala kwengxoxo
Kukho ukungabikho kwengxoxo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi be-hardware kunye ne-petrochemical okanye abathengi be-oyile kunye negesi. Kwaye kuvela ukuba iingcali ze-IT zenza i-hardware egqwesileyo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-IT, engenakusetyenziswa ngobuninzi kwimveliso yepetrochemical.
Ngokomzekelo, isiqwenga se-hardware kwi-LoRaWAN yokulinganisa ukushisa kwemibhobho: yixhome kumbhobho, ifakwe kwi-clamp, ixhome imodyuli yerediyo, ivale indawo yokulawula - kwaye yiyo loo nto.
Izixhobo ze-IT zifanelekile ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kukho iingxaki kwishishini.
Ibhetri 3400 mAh. Ngokuqinisekileyo, akuyona into elula, nantsi i-thionyl chloride, enika amandla okusebenza kwi-50 kwaye ingalahlekelwa amandla. Ukuba sithumela ulwazi kwinzwa enjalo kanye ngemizuzu eyi-10, iya kukhupha ibhetri kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngesisombululo sesiko-khulula inzwa, faka ibhetri entsha ye-ruble ye-300 rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintandathu.
Kuthekani ukuba ezi ngamashumi amawaka ezivamvo kwindawo enkulu? Oku kuya kuthatha ixesha elininzi. Ngokuphelisa iiyure zomntu ezichithwe kwii-walk-throughs, sifumana ixesha elifanayo lokulondoloza inkqubo.
Isisombululo esicacileyo kwingxaki kukufaka ibhetri kungekhona i-ruble ye-300, kodwa i-1000, kodwa i-19 mAh, kuya kufuneka itshintshwe kanye emva kweminyaka emi-000. Oku kulungile. Ewe, oku kuya konyusa kancinci ixabiso lenzwa ngokwayo. Kodwa ishishini liyakwazi ukuyifikelela kwaye ishishini liyayidinga ngokwenene.
Akukho mntu u-casdev, ngoko akukho mntu uyazi malunga neemfuno zeshishini.
Kwaye malunga nento ephambili
Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, into abakhubeka kuyo kanye ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-banal yengxoxo. I-Petrochemicals yimveliso, kwaye imveliso iyingozi kakhulu, apho imeko yokuvuza kwegesi yendawo kunye nokwakhiwa kwelifu eliqhumayo kunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, zonke izixhobo ngaphandle kokukhetha kufuneka zikhuseleke ukuqhuma. Kwaye ube nezatifikethi ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ukuqhuma ngokuhambelana nomgangatho waseRashiya we-TR TS 012/2011.
Abaphuhlisi abayazi le nto. Kwaye ukukhuselwa kogqabhuko-dubulo ayisiyo parameter enokongezwa nje kwisixhobo esiphantse sagqitywa, njengee-LED ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo. Kuyimfuneko ukwenza kwakhona yonke into esuka kwibhodi ngokwayo kunye nesekethe ukuya kwi-insulation yeingcingo.
Yintoni oyenzayo
Ilula - ukunxibelelana. Silungele incoko ethe ngqo, igama lam nguVasily Ezhov, umnini wemveliso ye-IoT e-SIBUR, ungandibhalela apha kumyalezo wobuqu okanye nge-imeyile - [imeyile ikhuselwe]. Sineenkcukacha zobugcisa esele zenziwe, siya kukuxelela yonke into kwaye sikubonise ukuba zeziphi izixhobo esizifunayo kwaye kutheni kwaye yintoni ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.
Okwangoku sele sakha inani leeprojekthi kwi-LoRaWAN kwindawo eluhlaza (apho ukukhuselwa kokuqhuma akusiyo ipharamitha enyanzelekileyo kuthi), sijonga indlela ngokubanzi, kwaye ingaba i-LoRaWAN ifanelekile ukusombulula iingxaki kwisixhobo esinjalo. isikali. Siyithande kakhulu kuthungelwano oluncinci lovavanyo; ngoku sakha inethiwekhi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwezinzwa, apho malunga nama-400 abenzi boluvo bacetywa ukufakela olunye. Ngokumalunga nobungakanani be-LoRaWAN oku akuninzi, kodwa ngokwemiqathango yoxinaniso lwenethiwekhi sele incinci kakhulu. Ngoko masiyijonge.
Kwinani lemiboniso ye-high-tech, abavelisi be-hardware beva kum okokuqala malunga nokukhusela ukuqhuma kunye nemfuneko yayo.
Ke le, okokuqala, yingxaki yonxibelelwano esifuna ukuyisombulula. Siyixhasa kakhulu i-cusdev, iluncedo kwaye iluncedo kuwo onke amaqela, umthengi ufumana i-hardware eyimfuneko kwiimfuno zakhe, kwaye umphuhlisi akachithi xesha edala into engeyomfuneko okanye elungisa ngokupheleleyo ihardware ekhoyo ukusuka ekuqaleni.
Ukuba sele wenza into efanayo kwaye ulungele ukwandisa kwicandelo leoli, igesi kunye nepetrochemical, sibhalele nje.
umthombo: www.habr.com