Akukho xesha lingcono lokufunda ebomini kunanamhlanje.
Ngu-2019, kwaye i-DevOps ibaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Bathi iintsuku zabalawuli benkqubo ziphelile, kanye njengexesha le-mainframe. Kodwa ngaba oku kunjalo ngokwenene?
Njengoko kwenzeka rhoqo kwi-IT, imeko ishintshile. Indlela ye-DevOps iye yavela, kodwa ayikwazi ukubakho ngaphandle komntu onezakhono zokulawula inkqubo, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwe-Ops.
Ngaphambi kokuba indlela ye-DevOps ithathe ifom yayo yangoku, ndazichaza njenge-Ops. Kwaye ndiyazi kakuhle into eyenziwa ngumlawuli wenkqubo xa eqonda ukuba kungakanani angakwaziyo ukukwenza kwaye lincinci kangakanani ixesha analo lokuyifunda.
Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene iyoyikisa ngolo hlobo? Ndingatsho ukuba ukunqongophala kolwazi akufanele kuthathwe njengengxaki enkulu. Kungaphezulu komngeni wobuchwephesha.
Iimveliso zesikali sewebhu zisekwe kwiLinux okanye kwenye isoftware evulelekileyo, kwaye kukho abantu abambalwa nabambalwa kwimarike abakwaziyo ukuzigcina. Imfuno sele igqithile kwinani leengcali kulo mkhakha. Umlawuli wenkqubo akasayi kukwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokuphucula inqanaba lesakhono sakhe. Kufuneka abe nezakhono ezizenzekelayo zokulawula iiseva ezininzi / ii-nodes kwaye abe nokuqonda kakuhle ukuba basebenza njani ukusombulula iingxaki ezivelayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba ube lilungu leqela leDevOps, kuya kufuneka uhambe kuhambo olude kodwa olunomdla, ufunde itekhnoloji entsha kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo eziyimfuneko ukugcina inkqubo ngokwemigangatho yeDevOps.
Ke, umlawuli wenkqubo unokuhamba njani ukusuka kwindlela eqhelekileyo ukuya emsebenzini ukuya kumbono omtsha weDevOps? Yonke into injengesiqhelo: okokuqala kufuneka utshintshe indlela ocinga ngayo. Akukho lula ukuyeka indlela obuyilandela kule minyaka ilishumi okanye engamashumi amabini edlulileyo kwaye uqale ukwenza izinto ngokwahlukileyo, kodwa kuyimfuneko.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba i-DevOps ayikho indawo ethile kwinkampani, kodwa isethi yezenzo ezithile. Ezi zenzo zithetha ukusasazwa kweenkqubo ezizimeleyo, ukunciphisa umonakalo ovela kwiibhugi kunye neempazamo, uhlaziyo lwesoftware rhoqo nangexesha, ukusebenzisana okusekwe kakuhle phakathi kwabaphuhlisi (Dev) kunye nabalawuli (Ops), kunye novavanyo oluqhubekayo lwekhowudi kuphela, kodwa. kunye nesakhiwo sonke ngaphakathi kwenkqubo .
Kanye kunye nokutshintsha indlela yokucinga, kufuneka ufunde indlela yokugcina isiseko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuzinzile, ukuthembeka kunye nokufumaneka kokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezicelo, iinkonzo kunye nesofthiwe.
Into onokuthi uyiphose njengengcali ye-Ops zizakhono zokucwangcisa. Ngoku ukubhala izikripthi (izikripthi), ezisetyenziswa ngabalawuli benkqubo ukufaka ngokuzenzekelayo iipatches kumncedisi, ukulawula iifayile kunye neeakhawunti, iingxaki zokuxazulula iingxaki kunye nokuqokelela amaxwebhu, sele ithathwa njengento engapheliyo. Iscripting isasebenza kwiimeko ezilula, kodwa i-DevOps imalunga nokusombulula iingxaki ezinkulu, nokuba kukuphunyezwa, uvavanyo, ukwakha, okanye ukuthunyelwa.
Ke, ukuba ufuna ukufunda i-automation, kufuneka ukwazi ubuncinci bokucwangcisa inkqubo, nokuba awungomphuhlisi, kuba kweli nqanaba lophuhliso lwakho. kwiDevOps ifuna obu buchule.
Kwenziwe ntoni? Ukuze uhlale ufunwa njengengcali, kufuneka ufumane izakhono ezifanelekileyo - inkosi ubuncinane ulwimi olulodwa lokucwangcisa, umzekelo iPython. Oku kunokubonakala kunzima kumntu obandakanyeka ngokufanelekileyo kulawulo, kuba uqhele ukucinga ukuba kuphela inkqubo yabaphuhlisi. Akuyomfuneko ukuba ube yingcali, kodwa ulwazi lolunye lweelwimi zeprogram (inokuba yiPython, iBash okanye ), ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba luncedo.
Ukufunda ukwenza inkqubo kuthatha ixesha elithile. Ukuqaphela kunye nomonde kuya kukunceda uhlale uphezulu kwizinto xa unxibelelana namalungu eqela le-DevOps kunye nabathengi. Isiqingatha seyure ngosuku, iyure okanye ngaphezulu, ukufunda ulwimi lweprogram kufuneka kube yinjongo yakho ephambili.
Abalawuli benkqubo kunye neengcali ze-DevOps zixazulula iingxaki ezifanayo, nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungafani okukhulu. Kukholelwa ukuba umlawuli wenkqubo akakwazi ukwenza yonke into eyenziwa ngunjiniyela we-DevOps. Bathi umlawuli wenkqubo ugxininise ngakumbi ekuqwalaseleni, ukugcina nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kweenkqubo zeseva, kodwa injineli ye-DevOps idonsa yonke le nqwelo kunye nenye inqwelo encinci.
Kodwa iyinyaniso kangakanani le ngxelo?
Umlawuli wenkqubo: igorha elinye ebaleni
Nangona kukho ukungafani kunye nokufana okuphawulwe kweli nqaku, ndisakholelwa ukuba akukho mmahluko omkhulu phakathi kolawulo lweenkqubo kunye ne-DevOps. Abalawuli benkqubo bahlala besenza imisebenzi efanayo neengcali ze-DevOps, yinto nje yokuba akukho mntu wayibiza ngokuba yi-DevOps ngaphambili. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba akukho ngongoma ekujongeni ngokukodwa ukungafani, ngakumbi ukuba ayihambelani nawo nawuphi na umsebenzi. Ungalibali ukuba, ngokungafaniyo nomlawuli wenkqubo, i-DevOps ayiyona indawo, kodwa ingcamango.
Enye into ebalulekileyo kufuneka iqatshelwe, ngaphandle kokuba ingxoxo malunga nolawulo kunye ne-DevOps iya kuba ingaphelelanga. Ulawulo lwenkqubo ngokwesiqhelo lucingela ukuba ingcali ineseti ethile yezakhono kwaye igxile ekunikezeni iinkonzo ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zeziseko zophuhliso. Akunjalo ngengqiqo yokuba lo ngumsebenzi wendalo yonke, kodwa ngengqiqo yokuba kukho inani lemisebenzi eyenziwa ngabo bonke abalawuli.
Ngokomzekelo, amaxesha ngamaxesha kufuneka basebenze njengohlobo lwe-handyman yobugcisa, oko kukuthi, benze yonke into ngokoqobo. Kwaye ukuba kukho umlawuli omnye kuphela kwintlangano yonke, ngoko uya kwenza ngokubanzi wonke umsebenzi wobugcisa. Oku kunokuba yiyo nantoni na ukusuka ekugcineni abashicileli kunye nabakhupheli ukwenza imisebenzi enxulumene nomsebenzi womnatha efana nokucwangcisa kunye nokulawula iirutha kunye nokutshintsha okanye ukuqwalasela i-firewall.
Uya kuba noxanduva lokuphucula i-hardware, ukuhlolwa kwelogi kunye nokuhlalutya, uphicotho lokhuseleko, ukupakishwa kweseva, ukuxazulula iingxaki, uhlalutyo lwengcambu, kunye ne-automation-ngokuqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa i-PowerShell, i-Python, okanye i-Bash scripts. Umzekelo omnye wokusetyenziswa lulawulo lomsebenzisi kunye neeakhawunti zeqela. Ukwenza iiakhawunti zabasebenzisi kunye nokwabela iimvume ngumsebenzi odinayo kakhulu njengoko abasebenzisi bevela kwaye benyamalala phantse yonke imihla. I-automation ngokusebenzisa izikripthi ikhulula ixesha lemisebenzi ebaluleke ngakumbi yeziseko ezingundoqo, ezifana nokuphucula utshintsho kunye neeseva kunye nezinye iiprojekthi ezichaphazela inzuzo yenkampani apho umlawuli asebenza khona (nangona ngokuqhelekileyo yamkelwe ukuba isebe le-IT alivelisi ngokuthe ngqo ingeniso).
Umsebenzi womlawuli wenkqubo awuyikuchitha ixesha kwaye ugcine imali yenkampani ngayo nayiphi na indlela. Ngamanye amaxesha abalawuli benkqubo basebenza njengamalungu eqela elikhulu, ukudibanisa, umzekelo, abalawuli beLinux, iWindows, i-database, ukugcinwa, njalo njalo. Iishedyuli zomsebenzi nazo ziyahluka. Ngokomzekelo, ukutshintshwa kwendawo yexesha elilodwa ekupheleni kosuku kutshintshe iimeko kwinguqu elandelayo kwenye indawo yexesha ukwenzela ukuba iinkqubo zingayeki (ukulandela-ilanga); okanye abasebenzi banosuku oluqhelekileyo lokusebenza ukusuka kwi-9 ukuya ku-5 p.m.; okanye isebenza kwiziko ledatha ye-XNUMX/XNUMX.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, abalawuli benkqubo baye bafunda ukucinga ngobuchule kunye nokudibanisa imicimbi ebalulekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yesiqhelo. Amaqela kunye namasebe asebenza kuwo ahlala amfutshane kwizixhobo zokusebenza, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wonke umntu uzama ukugqiba imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elipheleleyo.
I-DevOps: uphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa njengento enye
luhlobo lwefilosofi yophuhliso kunye neenkqubo zokulondoloza. Le ndlela kwihlabathi le-IT iye yavelisa ngokwenene.
Ngaphantsi kwesambulela se-DevOps, kukho iqela lokuphuhlisa isofthiwe kwelinye icala kunye neqela lokulondoloza kwelinye. Bahlala bedityaniswa ziingcali zolawulo lwemveliso, abavavanyi kunye nabayili bojongano lomsebenzisi. Ngokudibeneyo, ezi ngcali zilungelelanisa imisebenzi yokukhupha ngokukhawuleza izicelo ezintsha kunye nokuhlaziywa kwekhowudi ukuxhasa nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkampani yonke.
I-DevOps isekwe kulawulo lophuhliso kunye nokusebenza kwesoftware kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi bayo. Abantu bolondolozo kufuneka baxhase abaphuhlisi, kwaye abaphuhlisi banikwe umsebenzi wokuqonda ngaphezu kwee-API ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo. Kufuneka baqonde ukuba yintoni ephantsi kwe-hood (oko kukuthi, indlela i-hardware kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezisebenza ngayo) ukuze babe nokusingatha kakuhle ii-bugs, basombulule iingxaki, kwaye basebenzisane neengcali zenkonzo.
Abalawuli beSistim banokungena kwiqela le-DevOps ukuba bafuna ukufunda itekhnoloji yamva nje kwaye bavulelekile kwiingcamango ezintsha kunye nezisombululo. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, akunyanzelekanga ukuba babe ngabacwangcisi abapheleleyo, kodwa ukufunda ulwimi lwenkqubo efana noRuby, iPython okanye iGo kuya kubanceda babe ngamalungu aluncedo kakhulu eqela. Nangona abalawuli benkqubo ngokwesiko benza wonke umsebenzi ngokwabo kwaye bahlala bebonwa njengababodwa, kwi-DevOps banamava achasene ngokupheleleyo, apho wonke umntu okwinkqubo esebenzisana nomnye.
Isihloko se-automation sisiya sihambelana ngakumbi. Bobabini abalawuli benkqubo kunye neengcali ze-DevOps banomdla wokulinganisa ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa iimpazamo, kunye nokukhangela ngokukhawuleza nokulungisa iimpazamo ezikhoyo. Ke, i-automation ngumbono apho iindawo ezimbini zidibana. Abalawuli benkqubo banoxanduva lweenkonzo zelifu ezifana ne-AWS, iAzure, kunye nePlatform yeLifu likaGoogle. Kufuneka baqonde imigaqo yokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana .
Ukongeza, abalawuli benkqubo kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo zoqwalaselo kunye nolawulo olunje , iyimfuneko ekuhanjisweni okufanayo kweeseva ezilishumi okanye ezingamashumi amabini.
Umbono ophambili ngu . Isoftware yinto yonke. Enyanisweni, ukuze umsebenzi womlawuli wenkqubo ungalahlekelwa ukufaneleka, kufuneka nje utshintshe ugxininiso oluncinci. Abalawuli beNkqubo bakwishishini lenkonzo kwaye kufuneka bakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo nabaphuhlisi, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo. Njengoko besithi, intloko enye ilungile, kodwa ezimbini zingcono.
Kwaye iinkcukacha zokugqibela kule ndlela . Ukusebenza neGit yenye yoxanduva lwemihla ngemihla lomlawuli wenkqubo. Le nkqubo yokulawula inguqulelo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabaphuhlisi, iingcali ze-DevOps, amaqela e-Agile kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukuba umsebenzi wakho unxulumene nomjikelo wobomi besoftware, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kusebenza kunye neGit.
I-Git ineempawu ezininzi. Awunakuze ufunde yonke imiyalelo yeGit, kodwa uya kuqonda ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kutheni isisiseko kunxibelelwano lwesoftware kunye nentsebenziswano. Ulwazi olunzulu lweGit lubaluleke kakhulu ukuba usebenza kwiqela le-DevOps.
Ukuba ungumlawuli wenkqubo, kufuneka ufunde ngcono iGit, uqonde indlela ulawulo lwenguqulelo olwakhiwe ngayo kwaye ukhumbule imiyalelo eqhelekileyo: git status, git commit -m, git add, git pull, git push, git rebase, git branch, git diff kunye nabanye. Zininzi iikhosi ze-intanethi kunye neencwadi ezinokukunceda ukuba ufunde esi sihloko ukusuka ekuqaleni kwaye ube yingcali enezakhono ezithile. Kukho kwakhona emangalisayo , ke akunyanzelekanga ukuba uzibethelele zonke, kodwa okukhona usebenzisa i-Git, kokukhona kuya kuba lula.
isiphelo
Ekugqibeleni, uthatha isigqibo sokuba ufuna ukuba yingcali ye-DevOps okanye ukuba kungcono ukuhlala ungumlawuli wenkqubo. Njengoko ubona, kukho ijika lokufunda ukwenza inguqu, kodwa ngokukhawuleza uqala, ngcono. Khetha ulwimi lwenkqubo kwaye ngaxeshanye ufunde izixhobo ezifana (ulawulo lwenguqulelo), (CI / CD, ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo) kunye (ubumbeko kunye nokuzenzekela). Naluphi na ukhetho olukhethayo, musa ukulibala ukuba kufuneka uhlale ufunda kwaye uphucule izakhono zakho.
umthombo: www.habr.com