I-Intanethi yeZinto ngokwendalo yayo ithetha ukuba izixhobo ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo abasebenzisa iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano ezahlukeneyo ziya kukwazi ukutshintshiselana ngedatha. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uqhagamshele izixhobo okanye iinkqubo ezipheleleyo ebezingakwazi ukunxibelelana ngaphambili.
Isixeko esihlakaniphile, inethiwekhi ehlakaniphile, isakhiwo esihlakaniphile, ikhaya elihlakaniphile ...
Uninzi lweenkqubo zobukrelekrele mhlawumbi zavela ngenxa yokusebenzisana okanye zaphuculwa kakhulu yiyo. Umzekelo kukugcinwa kwangaphambili kwezixhobo zokwakha. Ngelixa kwixesha elidlulileyo bekusenzeka ukuba kufuneke ugcino olusekwe kusetyenziso lwesixhobo, olu lwazi ngoku longezwa ngedatha efunyenwe kwizixhobo ezifana nokungcangcazela okanye izivamvo zobushushu ezakhelwe ngqo kumatshini.
Utshintshiselwano lwedatha lunokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba benethiwekhi okanye ngamasango, njengoko kudluliswa kwedatha usebenzisa itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano eyahlukeneyo.
Amasango
Amasango ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuba zizixhobo ezinqamlezileyo, njengezinzwa ezingaphandle kwendawo ezinokugcina idatha engenayo efini ukuba unxibelelwano kunye neqonga le-IoT liyasilela. Ukongeza, banokuphinda baqhubekisele phambili idatha yokunciphisa umthamo wayo kwaye bahambise kuphela ezo zixabiso zibonisa ukungahambi kakuhle okanye ukudlula imida eyamkelekileyo kwiqonga le-IoT.
Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwesango yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-data concentrator, umsebenzi wayo kukuqokelela idatha kwi-sensors edibeneyo kwaye emva koko uyidlulisele phezu kolunye uhlobo lonxibelelwano, umzekelo, phezu kweengcingo. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo lisango eliqokelela idatha kwiikhalorimitha ezininzi kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-IQRF efakwe kwigumbi lebhoyila yesakhiwo, ethi ke ithunyelwe kwiqonga le-IoT kusetyenziswa iprotocol ye-IP eqhelekileyo efana ne-MQTT.
Izixhobo ezisekelwe kunxibelelwano oluthe ngqo ziyi-sensor yenjongo enye, njenge-pulse sensors eyenzelwe iimitha zombane, ezinokuxhotyiswa ngamakhadi e-SIM. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izixhobo ezisebenzisa isango ziquka, umzekelo, i-Bluetooth Low Energy sensors ezilinganisa amanqanaba e-carbon dioxide kwigumbi.
Iinethiwekhi ezingenantambo
Ukongeza kwitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano loluntu oluqhelekileyo kunye noluxhaphakileyo olufana ne-SigFox okanye i-3G/4G/5G iinethiwekhi zeselula, izixhobo ze-IoT nazo zisebenzisa iinethiwekhi ezingenazingcingo zasekhaya ezakhelwe umsebenzi othile, njengokuqokelela idatha kwiinzwa zongcoliseko lomoya. Umzekelo, LoRaWAN. Nabani na unokwakha inethiwekhi yakhe, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nabo banoxanduva lokuyigcina nokuyigcina, enokuba ngumsebenzi onzima onikwe ukuba ezi intanethi zisebenza kwiibhendi ezingavumelekanga.
Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yoluntu:
- I-topology yenethiwekhi elula xa kuziwa ekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo ze-IoT;
- ukulungiswa koqhagamshelo lula;
- umsebenzisi unoxanduva lomsebenzi wothungelwano.
Ububi bokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yoluntu:
- ukuxhomekeka kumqhubi wenethiwekhi kwenza kube nzima ukufumana iimpazamo zonxibelelwano kwaye uzilungise ngexesha elifanelekileyo;
- ukuxhomekeka kwindawo yokugubungela umqondiso, ogqitywe ngumqhubi.
Izinto ezilungileyo zokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yakho:
- Ixabiso lilonke loqhakamshelwano lunokwandiswa kwizixhobo ezithile eziqhagamshelweyo (umz. abenzi boluvo);
- ubomi obude bebhetri buthetha iimfuno ezimbalwa zebhetri.
Ububi bokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yakho:
- isidingo sokudala inethiwekhi yonke kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza konxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. Iingxaki zinokuvela, nangona kunjalo, ukuba, umzekelo, imisebenzi yesakhiwo okanye ukufumaneka kwenguqu kwaye, ngenxa yoko, abenzi boluvo banokulahlekelwa ngumqondiso kuba ngokuqhelekileyo banamandla amancinci othumelo lwedatha.
Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusebenzisana kwezixhobo ezisivumela ukuba siqhube kwaye sihlalutye idatha eqokelelweyo kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufana nokuFunda koMatshini okanye ukuHlalutya kweDatha enkulu. Ngoncedo lwabo, sinokufumana uxhulumaniso phakathi kwedatha eyayibonakala ingacacanga okanye incinci kuthi, okusivumela ukuba senze ukucinga malunga nokuba yeyiphi idatha eya kulinganiswa kwixesha elizayo.
Oku kukhuthaza iindlela ezintsha zokucinga malunga nendlela okusebenza ngayo okusingqongileyo, njengokusebenzisa amandla ngokufanelekileyo okanye ukuphucula iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ekugqibeleni kuphuculwe umgangatho wobomi bethu.
umthombo: www.habr.com