Ndiyabulisa kubafundi bethu beblogi! Ngokuyinxenye sele siqhelene - izithuba zam zolwimi lwesiNgesi zivele apha ziguqulelwe ngugxa wam endimthandayo . Ngeli xesha ndagqiba ekubeni ndithethe ngqo nabaphulaphuli abathetha isiRashiya.
Kwisiqalo sam sokuqala, bendifuna ukufumana isihloko esinokuba nomdla kwabona baphulaphuli babanzi kwaye sifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokweenkcukacha. UDaniel Defoe wathi ukufa kunye neerhafu zilindele wonke umntu. Kwinxalenye yam, ndingatsho ukuba nayiphi na injineli yenkxaso iya kuba nemibuzo malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yokugcina indawo yokubuyisela (okanye, ngokulula, ukugcinwa). Ndaqala ukucacisa indlela ukugcinwa okusebenza ngayo kwiminyaka eyi-4 eyadlulayo, njengenjineli yenqanaba lokuqala, kwaye ndiqhubeka ndichaza ngoku, sele ndiyinkokeli yeqela elithetha iSpanish kunye nesiTaliyane. Ndiqinisekile ukuba oogxa bam abakwinqanaba lesibini kunye nelesithathu lenkxaso nabo baphendula imibuzo efanayo rhoqo.
Kulo kukhanya, ndandifuna ukubhala okokugqibela, njengesithuba esicacileyo kunokwenzeka, apho abasebenzisi abathetha isiRashiya banokubuyela ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengencwadi yereferensi. Umzuzu ulungile - inguqulelo yeminyaka elishumi esandula kukhutshwa yongeza izinto ezintsha ekusebenzeni okusisiseko okungazange kutshintshe iminyaka. Isithuba sam sigxile ikakhulu kule nguqulo - nangona uninzi lwento ebhaliweyo iyinyani kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili, awuyi kufumana ezinye zezinto ezichazwe apho. Ekugqibeleni, ndijonge kancinane kwixesha elizayo, ndiya kuthetha ukuba ezinye iinguqu zilindeleke kwinguqulelo elandelayo, kodwa siya kukuxelela ngale nto xa kufika ixesha. Ngoko masiqalise.
Backup imisebenzi
Okokuqala, makhe sijonge inxalenye engakhange itshintshe kwinguqulo ye-10. Masivule ifestile ngokwenza umsebenzi omtsha kwaye siye kwindawo yokugcina. Apha siza kubona iparameter emisela inani elifunekayo lamanqaku okubuyisela:
Nangona kunjalo, oku yinxalenye kuphela yenxaki. Elona nani lamanqaku likwamiselwa yimowudi yogcino esetelwe umsebenzi. Ukukhetha olu khetho, cofa kwi Phezulu iqhosha elikwisithuba esifanayo. Oku kuya kuvula ifestile entsha ngeenketho ezininzi. Masizinombolo kwaye siziqwalasele nganye nganye:
Ukuba wenza kuphela ukhetho loku-1, umsebenzi uyakusebenza kwimowudi "yonaphakade yokuya phambili". Akukho bunzima apha - umsebenzi uya kugcina inani elichaziweyo lamanqaku okubuyisela kwi-backup epheleleyo (ifayile ene-VBK extension) ukuya kunyuso lokugqibela (ifayile ene-VIB extension). Xa inani lamanqaku lidlula ixabiso elibekiweyo, unyuso oludala kakhulu luya kudityaniswa ne-backup epheleleyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba umsebenzi umiselwe ukugcina amanqaku ama-3, ngoko nangoko emva kweseshoni elandelayo kuya kubakho amanqaku ama-4 kwindawo yokugcina, emva koko i-backup epheleleyo iya kudibaniswa nokunyuka okudala kunye nenani elipheleleyo lamanqaku liya kubuyela kwi-repository. 3.
Ugcino lwemo ye "reverse incremental" (ukhetho 2) nalo lulula kakhulu. Ekubeni kulo mzekelo inqaku elitsha liya kuba yi-backup epheleleyo, ilandelwa yikhonkco yezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-rollbacks (iifayile ezinolwandiso lwe-VRB), emva koko ukusebenzisa ukugcinwa kwanele ukucima ukubuyisela umva endala. Imeko iya kufana: ngokukhawuleza emva kweseshoni, inani lamanqaku liya kudlula ixabiso elimiselweyo nge-1, emva koko liya kubuyela kwixabiso elifunekayo.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngemowudi yokwandisa umva ungenza kwakhona i-backups egcweleyo ngamaxesha athile (ukhetho lwesi-4), kodwa oku akuyi kutshintsha ingundoqo. Ewe, amanqaku apheleleyo okubuyisela aya kuvela kwitsheyini, kodwa siya kucima awona manqaku amadala nganye nganye.
Ekugqibeleni, siza kwinxalenye enomdla. Ukuba uvula i-backup eyongeziweyo, kodwa ukongeza vumela iinketho 3 okanye 4 (okanye zombini ngexesha elinye), umsebenzi uya kuqalisa ukwenza i-periodic backups epheleleyo usebenzisa "esebenzayo" okanye indlela yokwenziwa. Indlela yokwenza i-backup epheleleyo ayibalulekanga - iya kuba nedatha efanayo, kwaye ikhonkco lokunyuka liya kwahlulwa libe "yi-subchains". Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba kukwandiswa phambili, kwaye yile ndlela ephakamisa inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemibuzo evela kubaxumi bethu.
Ugcino lusetyenziswa apha ngokucima eyona ndawo indala yekhonkco (ukusuka kugcino olupheleleyo ukuya kunyuso). Kwangaxeshanye, asiyi kucima kuphela i-backup epheleleyo okanye inxalenye kuphela yonyuso. Yonke "i-subchain" isuswa ngokupheleleyo kanye. Intsingiselo yokumisela inani lamanqaku iphinda itshintshe - ukuba kwezinye iindlela le nombolo ephezulu evumelekileyo, emva koko ukugcinwa kufuneka kusetyenziswe, ngoko apha esi silungiselelo sinquma inani elincinci. Ngamanye amazwi, emva kokususa "i-subchain" endala, inani lamanqaku kwindawo eseleyo akufanele liwele ngaphantsi kobu buncinci.
Ndiza kuzama ukubonisa le ngcamango ngegraphic. Masithi ukugcinwa kumiselwe kumanqaku e-3, umsebenzi uqhuba yonke imihla kunye ne-backup epheleleyo ngoMvulo. Ukugcinwa kule meko kuya kusetyenziswa xa inani lilonke lamanqaku lifikelela kwi-10:
Kutheni sele kukho i-10 xa bebeka u-3? Ugcino olupheleleyo lwenziwe ngoMvulo. Ukususela ngoLwesibini ukuya ngeCawe umsebenzi udale ukwanda. Ekugqibeleni, ngoMvulo ozayo i-backup epheleleyo yenziwe kwakhona kwaye kuphela xa ukunyuka kwe-2 kuye kwadalwa ekugqibeleni kuya kususwa yonke inxalenye endala yekhonkco, kuba inani eliseleyo lamanqaku aliyi kuwela ngaphantsi kwe-3.
Ukuba ingcamango icacile, ke ndicebisa ukuba uzame ukubala ukugcinwa ngokwakho. Masithathe le miqathango ilandelayo: umsebenzi uqaliswa okokuqala ngoLwesine (ngokwemvelo, i-backup epheleleyo iya kwenziwa). Umsebenzi umiselwe ukudala i-backup epheleleyo ngoLwesithathu kunye neeCawa kwaye ugcine amanqaku e-8 okubuyisela. Ugcino luya kufakwa nini okokuqala?
Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, ndincoma ukuba uthathe isiqwenga sephepha, ulungelelanise ngosuku lweveki kwaye ubhale phantsi ukuba yeyiphi ingongoma eyenziwa ngosuku ngalunye. Impendulo iya kucaca
Phendula
Ingcaciso: ukuphendula, khawuzibuze nje ukuba "kuya kusetyenziswa nini ukugcinwa"? Impendulo kukuba xa sinokususa amanqaku okuqala e-3 (VBK, VIB, VIB) kwaye lonke ikhonkco aliwi ngaphantsi kwee-8 ezifunekayo. Kuyacaca ukuba siya kukwazi ukwenza oku xa sinamanqaku ali-11 ewonke, oko kukuthi, ngeCawa yeveki yesibini.
Abanye abafundi banokuchasa: “Kutheni ukwenza konke oku ukuba kukho ?. Alithandabuzeki elokuba esi sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ndingasisebenzisa, kodwa sinemida. Okokuqala, ayikuvumeli ukuba uchaze iimeko zokuqala, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi umbuzo uchanekileyo "Sinekhonkco elinjalo, kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba sitshintsha izicwangciso ezinjalo nezinjalo?" Okwesibini, isixhobo asikacaci ngandlel’ ithile. Ukubonisa iphepha le-RPS kubaxhasi, andizange ndifumane ukuqonda, kodwa ndiyipeyintile njengomzekelo (nokuba usebenzisa iPaint efanayo), imihla ngemihla, yonke into yacaca.
Ekugqibeleni, asizange sicinge ngenketho ethi "Guqula amakhonkco okugcina angaphambili kwi-rollbacks" (ephawulwe ngenombolo 5). Olu khetho ngamanye amaxesha luyababhida abaxumi abaluvulayo “ngokuzenzekelayo”, befuna ukwenza ngokulula ugcino lokwenziwa. Ngeli xesha, olu khetho luvula indlela ekhethekileyo yokugcina. Ngaphandle kokungena kwiinkcukacha, ndiza kuthetha ngoko nangoko ukuba ngeli nqanaba lophuhliso lwemveliso, "Guqula amakhonkco okugcina angaphambili kwi-rollbacks" lukhetho oluphelelwe lixesha, kwaye andinakucinga ngemeko enye xa kufuneka isetyenziswe. Ixabiso layo lithandabuzekayo kangangokuba ixesha elithile u-Anton Gostev ngokwakhe wabiza ngeforum, ecela ukuba amthumelele imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwayo luncedo (ukuba unayo, bhala kwizimvo, ndinomdla kakhulu). Ukuba akukho nanye (ndicinga ukuba oku kuya kuba njalo), ngoko ukhetho luya kususwa kwiinguqulelo ezizayo.
Umsebenzi uya kudala ukunyuka (VIB) kude kube yimini apho i-synthetic backup epheleleyo icwangcisiwe. Ngolu suku, i-VBK yenziwe ngokwenene, kodwa onke amanqaku ngaphambi kokuba le VBK iguqulwe ibe yi-rollbacks (VRB). Emva koku, umsebenzi uya kuqhubeka ukudala ukongezwa kwi-backup epheleleyo kude kube yi-backup elandelayo yokwenziwa. Ngenxa yoko, umxube oqhumayo weVBK, VBR kunye neefayile zeVIB zenziwa kwikhonkco. Ugcino lusetyenziswa ngokulula- ngokususa iVBR yokugqibela:
Iingxaki
Ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokwenene ukuba isebenza njani, uninzi lweengxaki ezivelayo xa kusetyenziswa imowudi yokwenyuka zihlala zinxulunyaniswa ne-backup epheleleyo. Ii-backups eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ziyimfuneko kule modi, ngaphandle koko indawo yokugcina iya kuqokelela amanqaku de ibe igcwele.
Umzekelo, ugcino olupheleleyo lunokwenziwa kunqabile kakhulu. Masithi umsebenzi umiselwe ukugcina amanqaku ali-10, kwaye i-backup epheleleyo yenziwa kanye ngenyanga. Kucacile ukuba elona nani lamanqaku apha liya kuba likhulu ngokuphawulekayo kunelo libonisiweyo. Okanye umsebenzi usetelwe ngokubanzi ukuba usebenze kwimowudi eyongezelelekileyo kwaye ugcine amanqaku angama-50. Emva koko umntu wenza ngempazamo i-backup epheleleyo. Yiyo loo nto, ukususela ngoku umsebenzi uya kulinda de inqaku elipheleleyo liqokelele i-49 increments, emva koko iya kusebenzisa ukugcinwa kunye nokubuyela kwimodi engapheliyo.
Kwezinye iimeko, i-backup epheleleyo imiselwe ukuba yenziwe rhoqo, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile ayifuni. Ndiza kudwelisa esona sizathu sidumileyo apha. Abanye abathengi bakhetha ukusebenzisa "ukuqhuba emva" ukhetho lokucwangcisa kwaye uqwalasele imisebenzi ukuba iqhutywe kwikhonkco. Masithathe lo mzekelo: kukho imisebenzi emi-3 eqhuba yonke imihla kwaye idale ugcino olupheleleyo ngeCawe. Umsebenzi wokuqala uqala ngo-22.30, abanye baqaliswa kwikhonkco. I-backup eyongezelelweyo ithatha imizuzu eyi-10, kwaye ngoko ke ngo-23.00 yonke imisebenzi igqiba ukusebenza. Kodwa i-backup epheleleyo ithatha iyure, ngoko ngeCawa oku kulandelayo kwenzeka: umsebenzi wokuqala uqhuba ukusuka kwi-22.30 ukuya kwi-23.30. Okulandelayo ukusuka kwi-23.30 ukuya kwi-00.30. Kodwa umsebenzi wesithathu uqala ngoMvulo. I-backup epheleleyo imiselwe ngeCawa, ke kule meko ayizukwenzeka. Umsebenzi uya kulinda i-backup epheleleyo ukuze usebenzise ukugcinwa. Ke lumka xa usebenzisa “ukuqhuba emva” ukhetho okanye ungayisebenzisi kwaphela - vele usete imisebenzi ukuba iqale ngexesha elinye kwaye uvumele umcwangcisi wesixhobo ukuba enze umsebenzi wakhe.
Inketho enzima "Susa izinto ezicinyiweyo"
Emva kokuba uhambe useto logcino lomsebenzi-OluPhezulu-Ugcino, unokufumana inketho ethi "susa idatha yezinto ezicinyiweyo emva", enokubalwa ngeentsuku.
Abanye abathengi balindele ukuba oku kugcinwe. Enyanisweni, oku kukhetho oluhluke ngokupheleleyo, ukungaqondi kakuhle kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo engalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, okokuqala, kufuneka sichaze ukuba i-B&R isabela njani kwiimeko apho kuphela oomatshini abambalwa baxhaswa ngempumelelo ngexesha leseshoni.
Makhe sibe nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wale meko: umsebenzi owongezelelekileyo olungiselelwe ukugcina amanqaku ama-6. Kukho oomatshini aba-2 kumsebenzi, omnye uhlala exhaswa ngempumelelo, omnye ngamanye amaxesha anike iimpazamo. Ngenxa yoko, ngenqaku lesixhenxe le meko ilandelayo yavela:
Ixesha lokusebenzisa ukugcinwa, kodwa enye imoto inamaphuzu angama-7, kwaye enye kuphela 4. Ngaba ukugcinwa kuya kusetyenziswa apha? Impendulo nguewe, iya kuba njalo. Ukuba ubuncinane into enye iye yaxhaswa, i-B&R iqwalasela ukuba inqaku lenziwe.
Imeko efanayo inokuvela ukuba omnye umatshini awuzange ubandakanywe kumsebenzi ngexesha leseshoni ethile. Oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, xa oomatshini bongezwa kumsebenzi kungekhona ngabanye, kodwa njengenxalenye yezikhongozelo (iifolda, ukugcinwa) kunye nomatshini othile ufuduka okwexeshana kwesinye isikhongozeli. Kule meko, umsebenzi uya kuthathwa njengempumelelo, kodwa kwizibalo uya kufumana umyalezo ocela ukuba ubeke ingqalelo ukuba umatshini onjalo awusayi kuqhutyelwa ngumsebenzi.
Kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba awuyihoyi le nto? Kwimeko yeendlela ezingapheliyo zokunyuka okanye ukubuyisela umva, inani lamanqaku okubuyisela "ingxaki" yomatshini iya kuncipha ngeseshoni nganye de ifike kwi-1, egcinwe kwi-VBK. Ngamanye amazwi, nokuba umatshini awuxhaswanga ixesha elide, indawo enye yokubuyisela iya kuhlala. Imeko yahlukile ukuba i-backups egcwele ngamaxesha athile yenziwe yasebenza. Ukuba awuyihoyi imiqondiso evela kwi-B&R, inqaku lokugqibela lingacinywa kunye nenxalenye endala yekhonkco.
Emva kokuba uziqondile ezi nkcukacha, ungagqibela ngokuqwalasela inketho ethi "Susa izinto ezicinyiweyo emva". Izakucima onke amanqaku kumatshini othile ukuba loo matshini awugcinwanga kwiintsuku ze-X. Nceda uqaphele ukuba olu seto aluphenduli kwiimpazamo (luzamile, kodwa alusebenzanga). Akufuneki nokuba kubekho iinzame zokulondoloza umatshini. Kubonakala ngathi ukhetho luluncedo kwaye kufuneka lugcinwe lusebenza. Ukuba umlawuli wasusa umatshini kumsebenzi, ngoko emva kwexesha elithile kunengqiqo ukucima ikhonkco yedatha engadingekile. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenza ngokwezifiso kufuna uqeqesho kunye nenkathalo.
Makhe ndikunike umzekelo wokuziqhelanisa: izikhongozeli ezininzi zongezwa kumsebenzi, ukwakhiwa kwawo kwakunamandla. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-RAM, iseva ye-B&R ibifumana iingxaki eziye zingabhaqwa. Umsebenzi waqala kwaye wazama ukwenza i-backup koomatshini, ngaphandle kweyodwa, eyayingekho ngelo xesha kwisitya. Ekubeni oomatshini abaninzi bevelise iimpazamo, ngokungagqibekanga i-B&R kufuneka yenze iinzame ezi-3 ezongezelelweyo zokugcina “ingxaki” koomatshini. Ngenxa yeengxaki eziqhubekayo kunye ne-RAM, ezi nzame zathatha iintsuku ezininzi. Akukho nzame iphindaphindiweyo yokwenza i-backup ye-VM engekho (ukungabikho kwe-VM akuyompazamo). Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha elinye lemizamo ephindaphindiweyo, imeko ethi "Susa izinto ezicinyiweyo" idibene kwaye zonke iingongoma kumatshini zacinywa.
Ngokumalunga noku, ndingatsho oku kulandelayo: ukuba unezaziso ezicwangcisiweyo malunga neziphumo zomsebenzi, kwaye nokuba ngcono, sebenzisa udibaniso kunye neVeeam ENYE, ke oku kunokwenzeka ukuba akuyi kwenzeka kuwe. Ukuba ujonga iseva ye-B&R kanye ngeveki ukujonga ukuba yonke into iyasebenza, ke kungcono ukwala iinketho ezinokukhokelela ekucinyweni kogcino.
Yintoni eyongezwe kwiv.10
Into ebesithetha ngayo ngaphambili ibikhona kwi-B&R kwiinguqulelo ezininzi. Emva kokuyiqonda le migaqo yokusebenza, ngoku makhe sijonge oko kongezwe kwisikhumbuzo “seshumi”.
Ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla
Ngaphezulu sijonge umgaqo-nkqubo wokugcina "weklasikhi" ngokusekelwe kwinani lamanqaku. Enye indlela kukuseta "iintsuku" endaweni "yokubuyisela amanqaku" kwimenyu efanayo.
Ingcamango icacile kwigama - ukugcinwa kuya kugcina inani elimiselweyo leentsuku, kodwa inani lamanqaku ngosuku ngalunye alunamsebenzi. Kule meko, kufuneka ukhumbule oku kulandelayo:
- Usuku lwangoku aluthathelwa ngqalelo xa kubalwa ukugcinwa
- Iintsuku apho umsebenzi ungazange usebenze kwaphela nazo ziyabalwa. Oku kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuze ungalahlekelwa ngamanqaku aloo misebenzi esebenza ngokungaqhelekanga.
- Indawo yokubuyisela ibalwa ukususela kumhla ekudalweni kwayo kwaqala (oko kukuthi ukuba umsebenzi uqale ukusebenza ngoMvulo kwaye wagqiba ngoLwesibini, ke le ngongoma ukususela ngoMvulo)
Kungenjalo, imigaqo yokusebenzisa ugcino ngemisebenzi ikwamiselwa yindlela yogcino olukhethiweyo. Makhe sizame omnye umsebenzi wokubala sisebenzisa indlela yokwandiswa okufanayo. Masithi ukugcinwa kusetelwe iintsuku ezisi-8, umsebenzi uqhuba rhoqo iiyure ezi-6 nge-backup epheleleyo ngoLwesithathu. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi awusebenzi ngeCawa. Umsebenzi uqhuba ngoMvulo okokuqala. Kuya kusetyenziswa nini ugcino?
Phendula
Njengesiqhelo, kungcono ukuzoba uphawu. Ndiya kuzivumela ukuba ndiwenze lula umsebenzi kwaye andiyi kutsala onke amanqaku adalwe ngosuku ngalunye, kuba inani lamanqaku ngosuku alinandaba apha. Kubalulekile kuthi kuphela ngoMvulo wokuqala kunye nangoLwesithathu inqaku lokuqala liya kuba yi-backup epheleleyo, kodwa kwiintsuku eziseleyo umsebenzi uya kudala amanqaku anyukayo angama-4.
Siyenza icace into yokuba ukugcinwa kuya kusetyenziswa ngokucima ugcino olupheleleyo lwangoMvulo kunye nokwandiswa kwayo. Kuya kwenzeka nini oku? Xa lonke ikhonkco liqulethe iintsuku ezisi-8. Kwangaxeshanye, asibali usuku lwangoku, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, sibala iCawa. Ngoko ke, impendulo nguLwesine weveki yesibini.
GFS kugcino lwemisebenzi eqhelekileyo
Ngaphambi kwe-v.10, indlela yokugcina uTatomkhulu-uyise-uNyana (GFS) yayifumaneka kuphela kwimisebenzi yokuKhusela ikopi kunye nemisebenzi yekopi ye-tape. Ngoku iyafumaneka kwi-backup eqhelekileyo.
Nangona oku kungahambelani nesihloko sangoku, andinakukwazi ukukunceda kodwa ukuthetha ukuba ukusebenza okutsha akuthethi ukuhamba kwisicwangciso se-3-2-1. Ubukho bamanqaku ogcino kwindawo yokugcina izinto abuchaphazeli nangayiphi na indlela ukuthembeka kwayo. Kuyaqondwa ukuba i-GFS iya kusetyenziswa ngokubambisana ne-Scale-out repository ukulayisha la manqaku kwi-S3 kunye nokugcinwa okufanayo. Ukuba awuyisebenzisi, ke kungcono ukuqhubeka nokugcina amanqaku aphambili kunye noovimba kwiindawo zokugcina ezahlukeneyo.
Ngoku makhe sijonge imigaqo yokudala amanqaku e-GFS. Kuseto lwemisebenzi, kwinyathelo loGcino, iqhosha elikhethekileyo livele elibiza le menyu ilandelayo:
Undoqo we-GFS unokubiliswa phantsi ukuya kumanqaku amaninzi (qaphela ukuba i-GFS isebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iindidi zemisebenzi, kodwa ngaphezulu koko kamva):
- Umsebenzi awudali ugcino olupheleleyo olwahlukileyo lwenqaku leGFS. Endaweni yoko, olona gcino lupheleleyo lufanelekileyo lukhoyo luya kusetyenziswa. Ke ngoko, umsebenzi kufuneka usebenze kwimowudi eyongeziweyo kunye ne-periodic backups epheleleyo, okanye i-backup epheleleyo kufuneka yenziwe ngesandla ngumsebenzisi.
- Ukuba isithuba sexesha elinye kuphela elinikwe amandla (umzekelo, iveki), ngoko ke ekuqaleni kwethuba le-GFS umsebenzi uya kuqalisa ukulinda ugcino olupheleleyo kwaye umakishwe elokuqala lifanelekileyo njengeGFS.
Umzekelo: umsebenzi ulungiselelwe ukugcina i-GFS yeveki usebenzisa i-backup ngoLwesithathu. Umsebenzi uqhuba yonke imihla, kodwa i-backup epheleleyo icwangciselwe uLwesihlanu. Kule meko, ixesha le-GFS liya kuqala ngoLwesithathu kwaye umsebenzi uya kuqala ukulinda indawo efanelekileyo. Iya kuvela ngoLwesihlanu kwaye iya kumakishwa ngeflegi yeGFS.
- Ukuba iiphiriyodi ezininzi zibandakanyiwe ngexesha elinye (umzekelo, ngeveki nangenyanga), ngoko iB&R iya kusebenzisa indlela evumela ukuba inqaku elinye lisetyenziswe njengeGFS yamathuba amaninzi (ukugcina indawo). Iiflegi ziya kwabelwa ngokulandelelanayo, kuqalwa ngoyena mncinane.
Umzekelo: iGFS yeveki imiselwe ngoLwesithathu, kwaye iGFS yenyanga imiselwe iveki yokugqibela enyangeni. Umsebenzi uqhuba yonke imihla kwaye udala i-backups epheleleyo ngoMvulo nangoLwesihlanu.
Ukwenza lula, masiqale ukubala ukusuka kwiveki yokugqibela yenyanga. Kule veki i-backup epheleleyo iya kwenziwa ngoMvulo, kodwa ayiyi kuhoywa kuba ikhefu leveki le-GFS liqala ngoLwesithathu. Kodwa ugcino olupheleleyo lwangoLwesihlanu lufanelekile ngokupheleleyo kwindawo yeGFS. Le nkqubo sele iqhelekile kuthi.
Ngoku makhe sijonge okwenzekayo kwiveki yokugqibela enyangeni. Ikhefu lenyanga le-GFS liya kuqala ngoMvulo, kodwa iVBK yangoMvulo ayisayi kumakishwa njengeGFS kuba umsebenzi ufuna ukuphawula iVBK enye njengenqaku leGFS lenyanga nangeveki. Kule meko, ukukhangela kuqala kwiveki nganye, kuba ngenkcazo ingaba yinyanga yenyanga.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubandakanya kuphela iveki kunye namathuba onyaka, baya kusebenza ngokuzimeleyo omnye komnye kwaye banokuphawula ii-VBK ezi-2 ezahlukeneyo njengezithuba zeGFS ezihambelanayo.
Gcina ikopi yemisebenzi
Olunye uhlobo lomsebenzi olusoloko lufuna ukucaciswa ngomsebenzi. Okokuqala, makhe sijonge indlela "yakudala" yomsebenzi, ngaphandle kwezinto ezintsha v.10
Indlela elula yokugcina
Ngokungagqibekanga, imisebenzi enjalo isebenza kwimo eyongezelelekileyo engapheliyo. Ukudalwa kwamanqaku kuchongwa ngeeparamitha ezimbini - ikhefu lokukopisha kunye nenani elifunwayo lamanqaku okubuyisela (akukho kugcinwa emini apha). Ithuba lokukhuphela limiselwe kwisithuba somsebenzi wokuqala xa kuyilwa umsebenzi:
Inani lamanqaku limiselwe kancinci ngakumbi kwi Tab ekuJoliswe kuyo
Umsebenzi udala inqaku elitsha eli-1 kwithuba ngalinye (ukuba mangaphi amanqaku adalwe kwi-VM ngemisebenzi yokuqala ayinamsebenzi). Ekupheleni kwexesha, inqaku elitsha ligqityiwe kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukugcinwa kusetyenziswa ngokudibanisa i-VBK kunye nokunyuka okudala. Lo matshini sele uqhelekile kuthi.
Indlela yogcino usebenzisa iGFS
I-BCJ inokugcina iindawo zokugcina. Oku kuqwalaselwe kwithebhu enye ekuJoliswe kuyo, ngaphantsi nje kwesicwangciso senani lamanqaku okubuyisela:
Amanqaku e-GFS angadalwa ngeendlela ezimbini - ngokuzenzekelayo, usebenzisa idatha kwindawo yokugcina i-second repository, okanye ngokufanisa i-backup epheleleyo kunye nokufunda yonke idatha esuka kwindawo yokuqala (eyenziwe ngokukhetha okuphawulwe 3). Ukugcinwa kuzo zombini iimeko kuya kwahluka kakhulu, ngoko ke siya kuziqwalasela ngokwahlukeneyo.
GFS yokwenziwa
Kule meko, indawo ye-GFS ayidalwanga kanye ngosuku olumiselweyo. Endaweni yoko, inqaku le-GFS liya kwenziwa xa i-VIB yosuku apho inqaku le-GFS lalicwangciselwe ukudalwa lidityaniswe ne-backup epheleleyo. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kubangela ukungaqondi, kuba ixesha lihamba kwaye akukabikho ndawo yeGFS. Kwaye kuphela i-shaman enamandla evela kwinkxaso yobugcisa inokuqikelela ukuba yeyiphi imini eya kuvela inqaku. Enyanisweni, umlingo awudingeki - jonga nje inani elimiselweyo lamanqaku kunye nekhefu lokuvumelanisa (ukuba mangaphi amanqaku adalwe yonke imihla). Zama ukubala ngokwakho usebenzisa lo mzekelo: umsebenzi umiselwe ukugcina amanqaku angama-7, ixesha lokuvumelanisa liyi-12 iiyure (oko kukuthi amanqaku ama-2 ngosuku). Okwangoku, sele kukho iingongoma ezi-7 kwikhonkco, namhlanje ngoMvulo, kwaye ukudalwa kwendawo ye-GFS kucwangciswe ngolu suku. Iya kudalwa ngowuphi umhla?
Phendula
Apha kungcono ukuchaza ukuba ikhonkco liya kutshintsha njani ixesha, imihla ngemihla:
Ngoko ngoMvulo, ukunyuka kokugqibela kwikhonkco kuphawulwe njenge-GFS, kodwa akukho tshintsho olubonakalayo lwenzekayo. Yonke imihla umsebenzi udala amanqaku ama-2 amatsha, kwaye ugcino luhambisa ikhonkco phambili. Ekugqibeleni, ngoLwesine ixesha liyafika lokuba kufakwe isicelo sogcino kweso sinyuso. Le seshoni iya kuthatha ixesha elide kunesiqhelo - kuba umsebenzi uya "kukhupha" iibhloko eziyimfuneko kwikhonkco kwaye wenze inqaku elitsha elipheleleyo. Ukususela kulo mzuzu ukuya phambili, kuya kuba sele kukho amanqaku ayi-8 kwikhonkco - 7 kwikhonkco eliphambili + GFS.
Ukudala amanqaku e-GFS ngokhetho "Funda yonke indawo".
Ngaphezulu ndithe i-BCJ isebenza kwimowudi eyongezelelekileyo. Ngoku siza kujonga ngaphandle kuphela kulo mgaqo. Xa inqaku elithi “Funda yonke indawo” livuliwe, indawo ye-GFS iya kwenziwa kanye ngolo suku olucwangcisiweyo. Umsebenzi ngokwawo uya kusebenza kwimowudi eyongeziweyo kunye nee-backups ezigcweleyo zamaxesha, esixoxe ngazo ngasentla. Ukugcinwa kuya kusetyenziswa ngokususa eyona ndawo indala yetsheyini. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, kuphela izandiso eziya kucinywa, kwaye i-backup epheleleyo iya kushiywa njengenqaku le-GFS. Ngokufanelekileyo, amanqaku aphawulwe ngeeflegi zeGFS awathathelwa ngqalelo xa kubalwa ukugcinwa.
Masithi umsebenzi usetelwe ukugcina amanqaku asi-7 kwaye wenze inqaku leGFS ngeveki ngoMvulo. Kule meko, rhoqo ngoMvulo umsebenzi uya kudala i-backup epheleleyo kwaye uyiphawule njenge-GFS. Ukugcinwa kuya kusetyenziswa xa, emva kokususa ukunyuka kwinqanaba elidala, inani lokunyuka okuseleyo aliweli ngaphantsi kwe-7. Yile nto ibonakala ngayo kumzobo:
Ngoko ke, ekupheleni kweveki yesibini kukho amanqaku ali-14 kwikhonkco. Ngeveki yesibini, umsebenzi udale amanqaku angama-7. Ukuba lo ibingumsebenzi olula, ugcino bekuya kuba sele lusetyenzisiwe. Kodwa le BCJ kunye nokugcinwa kweGFS, ngoko asibali amanqaku e-GFS, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho kuphela i-6. Oko kukuthi, asikwazi ukusebenzisa ukugcinwa okwangoku. Kwiveki yesithathu sidala enye i-backup epheleleyo ngeflegi ye-GFS. Amanqaku ali-15, kodwa kwakhona asiyibali le. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ngoLwesibini weveki yesithathu, sidala ukongezwa. Ngoku, ukuba sisusa ukunyuswa kwekhonkco kwiveki yokuqala, inani elipheleleyo lokunyuswa liyakwanelisa ukugcinwa okusekiweyo.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kule ndlela kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-backups epheleleyo yenziwe rhoqo. Masithi, ukuba ubeka ugcino oluphambili lweentsuku ezi-7, kodwa inqaku eli-1 kuphela lonyaka, kulula ukucinga ukuba ukunyuka kuya kuqokelela kakhulu, ngaphezu kwe-7. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokwenziwa yokudala. GFS.
Kwaye kwakhona "Susa izinto ezicinyiweyo"
Olu khetho lukwakhona kwi-BCJ:
Ingqiqo yolu khetho apha iyafana kwimisebenzi yokulondoloza rhoqo - ukuba umatshini awulungiswanga inani elichaziweyo leentsuku, ngoko idatha yayo iyacinywa kwikhonkco. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-BCJ ukusebenziseka kolu khetho kuphezulu ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye nantsi isizathu.
Kwimo yesiqhelo, i-BCJ isebenza ngendlela eyongezelelekileyo, ngoko ke ukuba ngaxa lithile umatshini ususiwe emsebenzini, ukugcinwa kuya kucima ngokuthe ngcembe onke amanqaku okubuyisela kude kubekho enye kuphela eseleyo - kwi-VBK. Ngoku makhe sicinge ukuba umsebenzi usacwangcisiwe ukwenza amanqaku e-GFS okwenziwa. Xa ixesha lifika, umsebenzi kuya kufuneka wenze i-GFS yabo bonke oomatshini abakwitsheyini. Ukuba omnye umatshini awunamanqaku amatsha konke konke, kulungile, kuya kufuneka usebenzise lowo ukhoyo. Kwaye ngoko lonke ixesha. Ngenxa yoko, le meko ilandelayo inokuvela:
Nika ingqalelo kwicandelo leeFayile: sine-VBK ephambili kunye neengongoma ezi-2 zeveki ze-GFS. Kwaye ngoku kwiCandelo lamanqaku oBuyisela - enyanisweni, ezi fayile ziqulethe umfanekiso ofanayo womatshini. Ngokwemvelo, akukho nqaku kumanqaku anjalo e-GFS, bathatha nje indawo.
Le meko inokwenzeka kuphela xa usebenzisa i-GFS yokwenziwa. Ukuthintela oku, sebenzisa inketho ethi "Susa izinto ezicinyiweyo". Khumbula nje ukuseta inani elaneleyo leentsuku. Inkxaso yobuchwephesha ibone iimeko apho ukhetho lubekwe iintsuku ezimbalwa kunexesha lokuvumelanisa - i-BCJ yaqala ukuhamba kwaye isusa amanqaku ngaphambi kokuba adalwe.
Nceda uqaphele kwakhona ukuba olu khetho aluchaphazeli amanqaku e-GFS asele enziwe. Ukuba ufuna ukucoca i-archives, kufuneka wenze oku ngesandla - ngokunqakraza ekunene kumatshini kwaye ukhethe "Cima kwidisk" (kwifestile evelayo, ungalibali ukujonga ibhokisi ethi "Susa i-GFS epheleleyo" :
I-Innovation v.10 - ikopi yangoko
Emva kokujongana nomsebenzi we "classic", masiqhubele phambili kwentsha. Kukho into entsha, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Le yindlela entsha yokusebenza.
Akukho nto ifana "nexesha lolungelelwaniso"; umsebenzi uya kuhlala ubeka iliso ukuba amanqaku amatsha avele kwaye uwakhuphele onke, nokuba mangaphi na. Kodwa ngelo xesha, umsebenzi uhlala unyuka, oko kukuthi, nokuba umsebenzi oyintloko udala i-VBK okanye i-VRB, ezi ngongoma ziya kukopishwa njenge-VIB. Ngaphandle koko, akukho nto imangalisayo kule ndlela - zombini umgangatho kunye nokugcinwa kwe-GFS kusebenza ngokwemigaqo echazwe ngasentla (nangona kunjalo, i-GFS yokwenziwa kuphela ekhoyo apha).
Iidiski ziyajikeleza. Iimpawu zeendawo zokugcina ezineediski ezijikelezisiweyo
Usongelo oluqhubekayo lweentsholongwane ze-ransomware zenze umgangatho wokhuseleko we-de facto ukuba ube nekopi yedatha kwindawo apho intsholongwane ayinakufikelela khona. Olunye ukhetho kukusebenzisa idisk rotation repositories, apho iidiski zisetyenziswa enye ngexesha: ngelixa enye idiski idityanisiwe kwaye iyabhalwa, ezinye zigcinwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
Ukufundisa i-B&R ukusebenza ngoovimba abanjalo, kufuneka ucofe iqhosha eliPhezulu kwisethingi yendawo yokugcina, kwindawo yokugcina, kwaye ukhethe ukhetho olufanelekileyo:
Emva koku, i-VBR iya kulindela ukuba ikhonkco elikhoyo liya kunyamalala ngamaxesha athile kwindawo yokugcina, okuthetha ukujikeleza kwedisk. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo logcino kunye nodidi lomsebenzi, iB&R iya kuziphatha ngokwahlukileyo. Oku kunokumelwa ngolu luhlu lulandelayo:
Makhe siqwalasele ukhetho ngalunye.
Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo kunye nogcino lweWindows
Ke, sinomsebenzi ogcina amatyathanga kwidiski yokuqala. Ngexesha lokujikeleza, ikhonkco elidaliweyo liyanyamalala, kwaye umsebenzi kufuneka uphile kule lahleko. Ufumana intuthuzelo ngokwenza i-backup epheleleyo. Ke, ukujikeleza ngakunye kuthetha ugcino olupheleleyo. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni kumanqaku kwidiski ekhutshiweyo? Ziyakhunjulwa kwaye zithathelwe ingqalelo xa zibala ukugcinwa. Ngaloo ndlela, inani elimiselweyo lamanqaku kumsebenzi kukuba mangaphi amanqaku kufuneka agcinwe kuzo zonke iidiski. Nanku umzekelo:
Umsebenzi uqhuba kwimo engapheliyo yokwenyuka kwaye uqwalaselwe ukugcina amanqaku ama-3 okubuyisela. Kodwa nathi sinediski yesibini, kwaye siyijikeleza kanye ngeveki (kunokubakho iidiski ezininzi, oku akutshintshi i-essence).
Ngeveki yokuqala, umsebenzi uya kudala amanqaku kwidiski yokuqala kwaye udibanise ezongezelelweyo. Ke, inani lilonke lamanqaku liya kulingana nezithathu:
Emva koko sidibanisa i-drive yesibini. Ekuqalisweni, i-B&R iya kuqaphela ukuba idiski itshintshiwe. Ikhonkco kwidiski yokuqala iya kunyamalala kwi-interface, kodwa ulwazi malunga nalo luya kuhlala kwisiseko sedatha. Ngoku umsebenzi uya kugcina amanqaku e-3 kwidiski yesibini. Imeko ngokubanzi iya kuba ngolu hlobo:
Ekugqibeleni, sidibanisa kwakhona idrayivu yokuqala. Ngaphambi kokudala inqaku elitsha, umsebenzi uya kujonga ukuba kwenzekani ngokugcinwa. Kwaye ukugcinwa, ndikukhumbuza, kusetelwe ukugcina amanqaku ama-3. Okwangoku, sinamanqaku e-3 kwi-disk 2 (kodwa inqanyuliwe kwaye igcinwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo apho i-B & R ayikwazi ukufikelela khona) kunye namanqaku e-3 kwi-disk 1 (kodwa le nto ixhunyiwe). Oku kuthetha ukuba sinokususa ngokukhuselekileyo amanqaku e-3 kwidiski ye-1, kuba idlula ukugcinwa. Emva koko umsebenzi udala i-backup epheleleyo kwakhona, kwaye ikhonkco lethu liqala ukujongeka ngolu hlobo:
Ukuba ukugcinwa kuqwalaselwe ukugcina iintsuku endaweni yenani lamanqaku, ngoko ke ingqiqo ayitshintshi. Ukongeza, ukugcinwa kwe-GFS akuxhaswanga konke konke xa usebenzisa iindawo zokugcina ngokujikeleza kwediski.
Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwenethiwekhi yokugcina ye-Linux
Olu khetho lunokwenzeka, kodwa ngokubanzi lucetyiswa kancinci ngenxa yezithintelo ezibekiweyo. Umsebenzi uya kusabela ukujikeleza kwedisk kunye nokunyamalala kwekhonkco ngendlela efanayo - ngokudala i-backup epheleleyo. Unyino kungenxa yendlela yogcino esikiweyo.
Apha, ngexesha lokujikeleza, yonke ikhonkco kwidisk ekhutshiweyo isuswe ngokulula kwi-database ye-B & R. Nceda uqaphele ukuba kwisiseko sedatha, iifayile ngokwazo zihlala kwidiski. Zingangeniswa ngaphandle kwaye zisetyenziselwe ukubuyiswa, kodwa kulula ukuqikelela ukuba ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva loo matyathanga alibalekile aya kugcwalisa yonke indawo yokugcina.
Isisombululo kukongeza iiDWORD ForceDeleteBackupFiles njengoko kubonisiwe kweli phepha: . Umsebenzi uyakuqala ukucima ngokulula imixholo yonke yesiqulathi seefayili somsebenzi okanye isiqulathi seefayili (kuxhomekeke kwixabiso) kujikelezo ngalunye.
Nangona kunjalo, oku ayisiyiyo igcino elihle, kodwa kunoko ukucoca yonke imixholo. Ngelishwa, inkxaso yobugcisa idibene neemeko xa indawo yokugcina yayiyingcambu yediski, apho, ukongeza kwii-backups, enye idatha yayifumaneka. Konke oku kwatshatyalaliswa ngexesha lokujikeleza.
Ukongeza, xa iForceDeleteBackupFiles yenziwe yasebenza, isebenza kuzo zonke iindidi zokugcina, oko kukuthi, iindawo zokugcina kwiWindows ziya kuyeka ukusebenzisa ugcino kwaye ziqalise ukucima umxholo. Ngamanye amagama, idiski yendawo kwiWindows lolona khetho lulungileyo lwenkqubo yokugcina yokugcina.
Ikopi yokugcina kunye nogcino lweWindows
Izinto ziba nomdla ngakumbi nge-BCJ. Ayinayo kuphela ukugcinwa okupheleleyo, kodwa akukho mfuneko yokwenza ugcino olupheleleyo ngalo lonke ixesha utshintsha idiski! Isebenza ngolu hlobo:
Okokuqala, i-B & R iqala ukudala amanqaku kwidiski yokuqala. Masithi sibeka ugcino kumanqaku ama-3. Umsebenzi uya kusebenza ngendlela engapheliyo kwaye udibanise yonke into engeyomfuneko (ndiyakukhumbuza ukuba ukugcinwa kwe-GFS akuxhaswanga kule meko).
Emva koko sidibanisa i-drive yesibini. Kuba akukho khonkco kuyo okwangoku, senza i-backup epheleleyo, emva koko sinekhonkco lesibini lamanqaku amathathu:
Ekugqibeleni, lixesha lokuphinda uqhagamshele idrayivu yokuqala. Kwaye kulapho umlingo uqala khona, kuba umsebenzi awuyi kudala i-backup epheleleyo, kodwa endaweni yoko uya kuqhubeka nokuqhubeka nekhonkco elongezelelweyo:
Emva koku, idiski nganye iya kuba nekhonkco layo elizimeleyo. Ngoko ke, ukugcinwa apha akuthethi inani lamanqaku kuzo zonke iidiski, kodwa inani lamanqaku kwidiski nganye ngokwahlukileyo.
Ikopi yogcino kunye nogcino lwenethiwekhi yogcino lweLinux
Kwakhona, bonke ubuhle bulahlekile ukuba indawo yokugcina ayikho kwi-Windows drive yasekhaya. Esi script sisebenza ngokufanayo naleyo ixoxwe ngasentla ngomsebenzi olula. Ngokujikeleza ngakunye, i-BCJ iya kudala i-backup epheleleyo, kwaye amanqaku akhoyo aya kulityalwa. Ukunqanda ukuphelelwa yindawo ekhululekileyo, kufuneka usebenzise iDWORD ForceDeleteBackupFiles.
isiphelo
Ngoko ke, ngenxa yombhalo omde kangaka, sijonge iindidi ezimbini zemisebenzi. Kakade ke, mininzi imisebenzi eyongezelelekileyo, kodwa akunakukwazi ukuyiqwalasela yonke ngendlela yenqaku elinye. Ukuba emva kokufunda usenayo nayiphi na imibuzo, zibhale kwizimvo, ndiya kukuvuyela ukuphendula ngokobuqu.
umthombo: www.habr.com