Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukutya kweendaba kuzaliswe yimiyalezo malunga nohlobo olutsha lothungelwano lwekhompyuter olusasazwayo oluvela ngokoqobo ngaphandle kwendawo, ukusombulula (okanye kunoko, ukuzama ukusombulula) iingxaki ezininzi ezahlukeneyo - ukwenza isixeko silumke, sisindise umhlaba kwi-copyright. abaphuli-mthetho okanye ngokuphambanayo, ukudlulisela ulwazi okanye izibonelelo ngokufihlakeleyo, ukubaleka-phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente kwindawo ethile okanye kwenye. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi intsimi, zonke zinenani leempawu eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuba amafutha ekukhuleni kwawo yayiyi-algorithms kunye nobuchule obuye bafika kuluntu ngexesha le-boom yakutshanje kwi-cryptocurrencies kunye nobuchwepheshe obuhambelanayo. Mhlawumbi inqaku ngalinye lesithathu malunga nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ngelo xesha lalinegama elithi "blockchain" kwisihloko - ingxoxo yezisombululo zesoftware entsha kunye nemodeli yezoqoqosho yaba yeyona nto iphambili kangangexesha elithile, ngokuchasene nemvelaphi apho ezinye iindawo zokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zekhompyuter ezazisasazwa. ihlehliselwe ngasemva.
Kwangaxeshanye, ababoni kunye neengcali babone eyona nto iphambili yento: icomputing enkulu esasazwayo, ehambelana nokwakhiwa kothungelwano olusuka kwinani elikhulu labathathi-nxaxheba abahlukeneyo nabahlukeneyo, lifikelele kwinqanaba elitsha lophuhliso. Kwanele ukulahla izihloko ze-hype entlokweni yakho kwaye ujonge umxholo ukusuka kwelinye icala: zonke ezi nethiwekhi, ziqokelelwe kumachibi amakhulu, abandakanya amawaka abathathi-nxaxheba abahlukeneyo, azizange zivele ngokwazo. Abathandi bentshukumo ye-crypto bakwazi ukucombulula iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo zolungelelwaniso lwedatha kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezibonelelo kunye nemisebenzi ngendlela entsha, eyenza kube lula ukudibanisa ubunzima obufanayo bezixhobo kunye nokudala inkqubo entsha yendalo eyilelwe ukusombulula ingxaki enye egxininise kakhulu.
Ewe, oku akuzange kudlule ngamaqela kunye noluntu olubandakanyekayo ekuphuhliseni i-computing esasazwa simahla, kwaye iiprojekthi ezintsha azizange zide zifike.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona ukunyuka okuphawulekayo komthamo wolwazi olukhoyo malunga nophuhliso kwintsimi yothungelwano lokwakha kunye nokusebenza kunye nezixhobo, abadali beenkqubo ezithembisayo baya kufuneka basombulule iingxaki ezinzulu.
Eyokuqala kubo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ingaba yinto engaqhelekanga kangakanani, yingxaki yokukhetha ulwalathiso.
Ulwalathiso lunokuba luchanekile, okanye lunokukhokelela ekufeni - akukho kusinda koku; Ubonelelo olusembindini lwe-clairvoyants kuluntu lwe-IT lusesemva kwexesha. Kodwa ukhetho kufuneka lwenziwe ukuze ungaweli kumgibe wemveli weqela elithatha indawo ebanzi kakhulu kwaye lizama ukwenza enye iprojekthi yekhompyuter esasazwayo engayodwa kwasekuqaleni. Kubonakala ngathi ubungakanani bomsebenzi awusoyiki kangako, ubukhulu becala sifuna nje ukusebenzisa uphuhliso olukhoyo: ukudibanisa iindawo kwinethiwekhi, ukulungelelanisa i-algorithms yokumisela i-topology, ukutshintshiselana ngedatha kunye nokubeka esweni ukuhambelana kwazo, ukwazisa iindlela zokubeka iindawo kunye nokufumana. imvumelwano, kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, yenza nje olwakho ulwimi lombuzo kunye nolwimi lonke kunye nokusingqongileyo kwekhompyutha. Umbono womatshini wendalo yonke uyahenda kakhulu kwaye uhlala uvela kwindawo enye okanye kwenye, kodwa isiphumo sisesinye sezinto ezintathu: isisombululo esenziweyo sinokujika sibe ngumzekelo olinganiselweyo kunye neqela le "ToDos" enqunyanyisiweyo. β kwi-backlog, okanye iba sisilo esingasebenzisekiyo esilungele ukutsala kude nabani na ochukumisa i-fetid "Turing swamp", okanye afe ngokukhuselekileyo kwinto yokuba i-swan, i-crayfish kunye ne-pike, ezazitsala iprojekthi kwicala elingaqondakaliyo, basuka baziqinisa.
Masingaphindi iimpazamo zobudenge kwaye sikhethe isalathiso esinoluhlu olucacileyo lwemisebenzi kwaye lufaneleke kakuhle kwimodeli yekhompyutha esasazwayo. Unokubaqonda abantu abazama ukwenza yonke into ngaxeshanye - ewe, kukho intabalala onokukhetha kuyo. Kwaye izinto ezininzi zikhangeleka zinomdla kakhulu kokubini ngokwembono ye-R&D kunye nophuhliso, nakwimbono yezoqoqosho. Usebenzisa inethiwekhi esasazwayo unga:
- Qeqesha uthungelwano lwe-neural
- Inkqubo imisinga yesignali
- Bala isakhiwo seprotheni
- Nikela imiboniso yeXNUMXD
- Ukulinganisa i-hydrodynamics
- Uvavanyo lwezicwangciso zokurhweba kwi-stock exchanges
Ukuze singathabatheki kukuqulunqa uluhlu lwezinto ezinomdla ezihambelana kakuhle, siya kukhetha unikezelo olusasaziweyo njengesihloko sethu esongezelelweyo.
Unikezelo olusasaziweyo ngokwalo, ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho nto intsha. Izixhobo ezikhoyo ezinikezela ngezixhobo kudala zixhasa ukuhanjiswa komthwalo koomatshini abahlukeneyo; ngaphandle koku, ukuhlala kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye kuya kuba lusizi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, akufanele ucinge ukuba isihloko sigutyungelwe kude nangaphezulu, kwaye akukho nto yakwenza apho - siya kuqwalasela ingxaki ecinezelayo eyahlukileyo: ukudala isixhobo sokwenza unikezelo lwenethiwekhi.
Inethiwekhi yethu yonikezelo yindibaniselwano yeenodi ezifuna ukwenza imisebenzi yonikezelo ngeenodi ezinezixhobo zekhompyutha zasimahla ukuze kuqhutywe unikezelo. Abanini bemithombo baya kuqhagamshela izitishi zabo kuthungelwano lonikezelo ukuze bafumane kwaye baphumeze imisebenzi besebenzisa enye yeenjini zonikezelo zenethiwekhi ezixhaswayo. Kule meko, ababoneleli bemisebenzi baya kusebenza kunye nenethiwekhi njengokungathi ifu, ukusabalalisa ngokuzimeleyo izixhobo, ukubeka esweni ukuchaneka kokuphunyezwa, ukulawula imingcipheko kunye nezinye iingxaki.
Ke, siya kuqwalasela ukwenza isakhelo esifanele sixhase ukudityaniswa kunye neseti yeenjini ezidumileyo kwaye ziqulathe amacandelo abonelela ngezixhobo zokuququzelela uthungelwano lweenodi ezingafaniyo kunye nokulawula ukuhamba kwemisebenzi.
Imodeli yezoqoqosho yobukho bothungelwano olunjalo ayibalulekanga kakhulu, ngoko ke siya kuthatha njengeskimu sokuqala isikimu esifana neso esisetyenziswe ekubaleni kuthungelwano lwe-cryptocurrency - abathengi bobutyebi baya kuthumela iithokheni kubaboneleli abenza umsebenzi wokunikezela. Kunika umdla ngakumbi ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iipropathi zesakhelo ekufuneka zibe nazo, apho siya kuqwalasela imeko ephambili yokusebenzisana phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba kwinethiwekhi.
Kukho amacala amathathu okusebenzisana kwinethiwekhi: umboneleli wezibonelelo, umboneleli womsebenzi kunye nomsebenzisi womnatha (iziko lokulawula i-aka, inethiwekhi, njl. kwisicatshulwa).
Umsebenzisi womnatha ubonelela umboneleli wezibonelelo ngesicelo somthengi okanye umfanekiso wenkqubo yokusebenza kunye neseti ebekiweyo yesoftware, eya kuthi ayifake kumatshini afuna ukunika izibonelelo zayo, kunye neakhawunti yobuqu efikelelekayo ngojongano lwewebhu, evumela ukuba cwangcisa iiparamitha zofikelelo kwisixhobo kwaye ulawule ukude umncedisi wakhe womhlaba: lawula iiparamitha zehardware, yenza uqwalaselo olukude, qalisa kwakhona.
Xa i-node entsha ixhunyiwe, inkqubo yolawulo lwenethiwekhi ihlalutya izixhobo kunye neeparitha zokufikelela ezichaziweyo, zilinganisa, zinikeze ukulinganisa okuthile, kwaye zibeke kwirejista yobutyebi. Kwixesha elizayo, ukwenzela ukulawula umngcipheko, iiparameters zemisebenzi ye-node ziya kuhlalutywa, kwaye ukulinganiswa kwe-node kuya kulungelelaniswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwenethiwekhi. Akukho mntu uya kuvuya ukuba indawo yabo ithunyelwe ukuba inike amakhadi anamandla ahlala engumkhenkce ngenxa yobushushu obugqithisileyo?
Umsebenzisi ofuna ukwenza umboniso unokuhamba ngeendlela ezimbini: layisha indawo kwindawo yokugcina inethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa ujongano lwewebhu, okanye sebenzisa iplagin ukudibanisa iphakheji yabo yomzekelo okanye i-renderer efakwe kwinethiwekhi. Kule meko, ikhontrakthi ehlakaniphile iqaliswa phakathi komsebenzisi kunye nenethiwekhi, imeko esemgangathweni yokugqitywa kwayo isizukulwana sesiphumo sokubala kwesiganeko yinethiwekhi. Umsebenzisi unokubeka iliso kwinkqubo yokugqiba umsebenzi kunye nokulawula iiparamitha zawo ngokusebenzisa ujongano lwewebhu lweakhawunti yakhe.
Umsebenzi uthunyelwa kumncedisi, apho umthamo wendawo kunye nenani lezibonelelo eziceliwe ngumqalisi womsebenzi zihlaziywa, emva koko umthamo opheleleyo uchithwa kwiindawo ezilungiselelwe ukubalwa kwinani kunye nohlobo lwemithombo eyabiwe yinethiwekhi. . Umbono oqhelekileyo kukuba ukubonwa kunokwahlulwa kube yimisebenzi emincinci emininzi. Iinjini zithatha eli thuba ngokusasaza le misebenzi phakathi kwababoneleli bezibonelelo ezininzi. Eyona ndlela ilula kukwenza iinxalenye ezincinci zomboniso obizwa ngokuba ngamacandelo. Xa icandelo ngalinye lilungile, umsebenzi wendawo uqwalaselwa ugqityiwe, kwaye isibonelelo siqhubela phambili kumsebenzi olandelayo oseleyo.
Ke ngoko, akwenzi mahluko kulowo unikezelayo ukuba ubalo lwenziwa kumatshini omnye okanye kwigridi yezikhululo ezininzi zekhompuyutha. Unikezelo olusasazwayo longeza nje ii-cores ezingaphezulu kwi-pool yezibonelelo ezisetyenziselwa umsebenzi. Ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi, ifumana yonke idatha efunekayo ukunika icandelo, ibala, ithumela elo candelo emva, kwaye idlulele kumsebenzi olandelayo. Ngaphambi kokungena kwi-pool yenethiwekhi ngokubanzi, icandelo ngalinye lifumana isethi ye-meta-information evumela ukwenziwa kweenodi ukukhetha eyona misebenzi ifanelekileyo yekhompyutha kubo.
Iingxaki zokwahlula kunye nokusasazwa kwezibalo kufuneka zisonjululwe kungekuphela nje kwinqanaba lokujonga ukwenziwa kwexesha, kodwa nakwimbono yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo kunye nokonga amandla, kuba ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kwinethiwekhi kuxhomekeke koku. . Ukuba isisombululo asiphumelelanga, kuya kucetyiswa ngakumbi ukuba ufake umgodi kwi-node okanye uyicime ukuze ingenzi ingxolo kwaye ingachithi umbane.
Nangona kunjalo, masibuyele kwinkqubo. Xa umsebenzi ufunyenwe, ikhontrakthi ehlakaniphile nayo yenziwe phakathi kwe-pool kunye ne-node, eyenziwa xa isiphumo somsebenzi sibalwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zokuzalisekisa isivumelwano, i-node inokufumana umvuzo ngendlela enye okanye enye.
Iziko lolawulo lilawula inkqubo yokwenziwa komsebenzi, ukuqokelela iziphumo zokubala, ukuthumela ezona zingachanekanga ukuze ziphinde zicutshungulwe kwakhona kwaye zibekwe kwindawo emgceni, ukubeka esweni umhla wokugqibela omiselweyo wokugqiba umsebenzi (ukuze kungenzeki ukuba icandelo lokugqibela lingathathwa ngu. nayiphi na indawo).
Iziphumo zezibalo zihamba kwinqanaba lokuhlanganisa, emva koko umsebenzisi ufumana iziphumo zokunikezela, kwaye inethiwekhi inokufumana umvuzo.
Ke ngoko, ukwakheka okusebenzayo kobume bomhlaba obuyilelwe ukwakha iinkqubo zonikezelo ezisasaziweyo kuvela:
- Iiakhawunti zomsebenzisi zobuqu ezinokufikelela kwiwebhu
- Ikhithi yesoftware yofakelo kwiinodi
- Ngenkqubo yolawulo:
- Inkqubo engaphantsi yolawulo lofikelelo
- Unikezelo lwenkqubo esezantsi yokubola
- Inkqubo engaphantsi yokuhanjiswa komsebenzi
- Ukuhlanganisa inkqubo engaphantsi
- Imbonakalo yomhlaba yeseva kunye nenkqubo ephantsi yolawulo lwetopology yenethiwekhi
- Inkqubo ephantsi yokugawulwa nokuphicothwa kweencwadi
- Inkqubo ephantsi yengcaphephe yokufunda
- I-API yokuphumla okanye olunye ujongano lwabaphuhlisi bangaphandle
Ingaba ucinga ntoni? Yeyiphi imibuzo ephakanyiswa sisihloko kwaye zeziphi iimpendulo onomdla kuzo?
umthombo: www.habr.com