🥇Malunga ne-backups kwi-Proxmox VE

Inqaku "Umlingo weVirtualization: Intshayelelo yeProxmox VE" sifake ngempumelelo i-hypervisor kumncedisi, siqhagamshele ukugcinwa kuyo, sikhathalele ukhuseleko olusisiseko, kwaye sade sadala umatshini wokuqala wenyani. Ngoku makhe sijonge indlela yokuphumeza eyona misebenzi isisiseko ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze ihlale ikwazi ukubuyisela iinkonzo kwimeko yokusilela.

Izixhobo zomthonyama zeProxmox zikuvumela ukuba ungagcini nje ukuxhasa idatha, kodwa wenze iiseti zemifanekiso yenkqubo yokusebenza esele iqwalaselwe ukuze ithunyelwe ngokukhawuleza. Oku akuncedi kuphela ukuba wenze iseva entsha kuyo nayiphi na inkonzo kwimizuzwana embalwa ukuba kuyimfuneko, kodwa iyanciphisa ixesha lokuphumla libe lincinci.

Asiyi kuthetha ngesidingo sokwenza ii-backups, kuba oku kucacile kwaye kudala i-axiom. Makhe sigxininise kwizinto ezingabonakaliyo kunye neempawu.

Okokuqala, makhe sijonge ukuba idatha igcinwa njani ngexesha lenkqubo yogcino.

Backup Algorithms

Masiqale ngenyani yokuba iProxmox inezixhobo ezilungileyo ezisemgangathweni zokwenza iikopi ezigcinayo zoomatshini ababonakalayo. Yenza kube lula ukugcina yonke idatha yakho yomatshini kwaye ixhasa iindlela ezimbini zoxinzelelo, kunye neendlela ezintathu zokwenza ezo kopi.

Makhe siqale sijonge iindlela zoxinzelelo:

Uxinzelelo lwe-LZO. I-algorithm yoxinzelelo lwedatha engalahlekiyo yaqanjwa emva phayaa phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-90. Ikhowudi yabhalwa UMarkus Oberheimer (iphunyezwe kwiProxmox yinto eluncedo ye-lzop). Eyona nto iphambili yale algorithm kukungapakishi ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na i-backup eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa le-algorithm inokuthunyelwa ngexesha elincinci ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Uxinzelelo lwe-GZIP. Ukusebenzisa le algorithm, ugcino luyakucinezelwa kubhabho ngumsebenzi we-GNU Zip, esebenzisa i-algorithm enamandla ye-Deflate eyenziwe ngu. Phil Katz. Ugxininiso oluphambili kukunyanzeliswa kwedatha enkulu, okunciphisa indawo yedisk ehlala iikopi zokugcina. Umahluko ophambili kwi-LZO kukuba iinkqubo zokucinezela/ukuthotywa zithatha ixesha elininzi.

Iindlela zokugcina

I-Proxmox inika umlawuli wenkqubo ukhetho lweendlela ezintathu zokugcina. Ukuzisebenzisa, unokusombulula ingxaki efunekayo ngokumisela okuphambili phakathi kwesidingo sexesha lokuphumla kunye nokuthembeka kogcino olwenziweyo:

Imowudi yomfanekiso. Le mowudi inokubizwa ngokuba yi-Live backup, kuba ayifuni kumisa umatshini wenyani ukuze uyisebenzise. Ukusebenzisa olu matshini akukuphazamisi ukusebenza kwe-VM, kodwa ineziphene ezimbini ezibi kakhulu - iingxaki zinokuvela ngenxa yokutshixwa kwefayile yinkqubo yokusebenza kunye nesantya sokudala esicothayo. Ii-backups ezenziwe ngale ndlela kufuneka zihlale zivavanywa kwindawo yovavanyo. Ngaphandle koko, kukho umngcipheko wokuba ukuba ukubuyiswa ngokukhawuleza kuyimfuneko, banokungaphumeleli.
Imowudi yokurhoxisa. Umatshini wenyani okwethutyana "umkhenkce" imeko yawo de inkqubo yokugcina igqityiwe. Imixholo ye-RAM ayicinywanga, ekuvumela ukuba uqhubeke nokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwindawo apho umsebenzi umisiwe khona. Ewe kunjalo, oku kubangela ukwehla kwexesha lomncedisi ngelixa ulwazi lukhutshelwe, kodwa akukho mfuneko yokucima / kumatshini wenyani, obaluleke kakhulu kwezinye iinkonzo. Ngokukodwa ukuba ukuqaliswa kwezinye iinkonzo akuzenzekeli. Nangona kunjalo, ezo zigcino kufuneka zisiwe kwindawo yovavanyo ukuze kuhlolwe.
Imowudi yokumisa. Eyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokugcina, kodwa ifuna ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo komatshini wenyani. Umyalelo uthunyelwa ukwenza ukuvalwa okuqhelekileyo, emva kokuyeka, i-backup iyenziwa, kwaye emva koko umyalelo unikwe ukuvula umatshini wenyani. Inani leempazamo ngale ndlela lincinci kwaye lihlala lincitshiswa libe ngu-zero. Ii-backups zidalwe ngale ndlela phantse zihlala zisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukwenza inkqubo yokubhukisha

Ukwenza ugcino:

Makhe siye kumatshini ofunekayo wenyani.
Khetha into Ugcino.
Chukumisa iqhosha Gcina ngoku. Iwindow iya kuvula apho unokukhetha iiparamitha zogcino lwexesha elizayo.
Njengogcino sibonisa lowo siqhagamshelene nayo kwinxalenye engaphambili.
Emva kokukhetha iiparamitha, cofa iqhosha Ugcino kwaye ulinde de kwenziwe ugcino. Kuya kubakho umbhalo malunga noku UMSEBENZI KULUNGILE.

Ngoku ii-archives ezenziweyo ezineekopi ezigcinayo zoomatshini ababonakalayo ziya kufumaneka ukuze zikhutshelwe kumncedisi. Eyona ndlela ilula neqhelekileyo yokukopa yiSFTP. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa umxhasi we-FTP owaziwayo we-cross-platform FileZilla, onokusebenza usebenzisa i-SFTP protocol.

Kwintsimi Umgcini ngenisa idilesi ye-IP yomncedisi wethu we-virtualization entsimini lomsebenzisi ngenisa iingcambu entsimini Inombolo yokuvula - lowo ukhethiweyo ngexesha lofakelo, nakwintsimi Izibuko bonisa "22" (okanye naliphi na elinye izibuko elichazwe kuqhagamshelo lwe-SSH).
Chukumisa iqhosha Uqhagamshelo olukhawulezayo kwaye, ukuba yonke idatha ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngoku kwiqela lenjongo esebenzayo uya kubona zonke iifayile ezibekwe kumncedisi.
Yiya kulawulo /mnt/storage. Zonke ii-backups ezenziweyo ziya kufakwa kwi-subdirectory "yokulahla". Ziya kubonakala ngathi:
- vzdump-qemu-machine_number-date-time.vma.gz ukuba ukhetha indlela ye-GZIP;
- vzdump-qemu-machine_number-date-time.vma.lzo kwimeko yokukhetha indlela ye-LZO.

Kucetyiswa ukuba ukhuphele ngokukhawuleza iikopi zokugcina kwiseva kwaye uzigcine kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, umzekelo, kwindawo yethu yokugcina ilifu. Ukuba ukhulula ifayile enesisombululo se-vma, into eluncedo yegama elifanayo eliza neProxmox, ke ngaphakathi kuya kubakho iifayile ezinezongezo. oluhlaza, conf и fw. Ezi fayile ziquka oku kulandelayo:

oluhlaza - umfanekiso wedisk;
conf -Uqwalaselo lweVM;
fw -izicwangciso ze-firewall.

Ukubuyisela kwi-backup

Masithathele ingqalelo imeko apho umatshini wenyani wacinywa ngempazamo kwaye ukubuyiselwa kwawo okungxamisekileyo ukusuka kwi-backup kuyafuneka:

Vula indawo yokugcina apho ikopi yogcino ikhona.
Yiya kwisithuba Umxholo.
Khetha ikopi oyifunayo kwaye ucofe iqhosha Ukubuyisela.
Sibonisa ukugcinwa okujoliswe kuyo kunye ne-ID eya kunikezelwa kumatshini emva kokuba inkqubo igqityiwe.
Chukumisa iqhosha Ukubuyisela.

Nje ukuba ukubuyisela kugqityiwe, i-VM iya kuvela kuluhlu lwezinto ezikhoyo.

Ukwenza umatshini wenyani

Ngokomzekelo, masicinge ukuba inkampani kufuneka yenze utshintsho kwinkonzo ethile ebalulekileyo. Utshintsho olunjalo luphunyezwa ngokwenza utshintsho oluninzi kwiifayile zoqwalaselo. Isiphumo asiqikeleleki kwaye nayiphi na impazamo inokubangela ukusilela kwenkonzo. Ukuthintela umfuniselo onjalo ukuba ungachaphazeli umncedisi osebenzayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibanise umatshini wenyani.

Indlela yokwenza i-cloning iya kudala ikopi echanekileyo yomncedisi wenyani, apho naluphi na utshintsho lunokwenziwa ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenkonzo ephambili. Emva koko, ukuba utshintsho lusetyenziswe ngempumelelo, i-VM entsha iyasungulwa kwaye indala iyavalwa. Kukho inqaku kule nkqubo ekufuneka lisoloko likhunjulwa. Umatshini odibeneyo uya kuba nedilesi ye-IP efanayo ne-VM yoqobo, oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kubakho ukungqubana kwedilesi xa iqala.

Siza kukuxelela indlela yokuphepha imeko enjalo. Kwangoko phambi kokudibanisa, kufuneka wenze utshintsho kubumbeko lwenethiwekhi. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka utshintshe okwethutyana idilesi ye-IP, kodwa ungaqalisi kwakhona inkonzo yenethiwekhi. Emva kokuba i-cloning igqityiwe kumatshini oyintloko, kufuneka ubuyisele izicwangciso emva, kwaye usete nayiphi na enye idilesi ye-IP kumatshini odibeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, siya kufumana iikopi ezimbini zeseva efanayo kwiidilesi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba ubeke inkonzo entsha ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba le nkonzo ngumncedisi wewebhu, ngoko ke kufuneka utshintshe kuphela i-A-rekhodi nomnikezeli wakho we-DNS, emva kokuba izicelo zomxhasi zeli gama lommandla ziya kuthunyelwa kwidilesi yomatshini wenyani odibeneyo.

Ngendlela, i-Selectel ibonelela bonke abathengi bayo ngenkonzo yokubamba naliphi na inani lemimandla kwiiseva ze-NS simahla. Iirekhodi zilawulwa zombini ngephaneli yethu yokulawula kunye ne-API ekhethekileyo. Funda ngakumbi ngale nto kwisiseko sethu solwazi.

Ukudibanisa i-VM kwiProxmox ngumsebenzi olula kakhulu. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo:

Yiya kumatshini esiwufunayo.
Khetha kwimenyu Kaninzi igatya clone.
Kwifestile evulayo, gcwalisa iparameter yeGama.
Yenza i-cloning ngokucofa iqhosha clone.

Esi sixhobo sikuvumela ukuba wenze ikopi yomatshini wenyani kungekuphela nje kumncedisi wendawo. Ukuba iiseva ezininzi zenyani zidityanisiwe zibe liqela, ngoko usebenzisa esi sixhobo ungahambisa ngoko nangoko ikopi eyenziweyo kumncedisi obonakalayo ofunwayo. Into eluncedo lukhetho logcino lwedisk (iparamitha Ugcino ekujoliswe kulo), eluncedo kakhulu xa uhambisa umatshini wenyani ukusuka kwenye imidiya yomzimba ukuya kwenye.

Iifomati zokugcina ezibonakalayo

Makhe sikuxelele ngakumbi malunga neefomati zokuqhuba ezisetyenziswa kwiProxmox:

RAW. Eyona ifomathi iqondakalayo nelula. Le yibyte-for-byte hard drive data file ngaphandle koxinzelelo okanye ulungiselelo. Le yifomati eluncedo kakhulu kuba inokunyuswa ngokulula ngomyalelo wentaba osezantsi kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yeLinux. Ngaphezu koko, olu lolona "hlobo" olukhawulezayo lokuqhuba, kuba i-hypervisor ayifuni ukuyiqhuba nangayiphi na indlela.
Isithintelo esimandundu sale fomati kukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba singakanani na isithuba osinike sona kumatshini wenyani, kanye umlinganiselo ofanayo wendawo kwi-hard drive yakho iya kuhlala yifayile ye-RAW (nokuba yeyiphi na indawo ekhoyo ngaphakathi kumatshini wenyani) .
Ifomati yomfanekiso we-QEMU (qcow2). Mhlawumbi eyona fomati yendalo yonke yokwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi. Inzuzo yayo kukuba ifayile yedatha iya kuqulatha kuphela indawo ekhoyo ngaphakathi kumatshini wenyani. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-40 GB yendawo yabelwe, kodwa kuphela i-2 GB isetyenziswe ngokwenene, ngoko ke indawo eseleyo iya kufumaneka kwezinye ii-VM. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu xa ugcina indawo kwidisk.
Isithintelo esincinci sokusebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuze unyuse umfanekiso onje kuyo nayiphi na enye inkqubo, kuya kufuneka uqale ukhuphele umqhubi we-nbd okhethekileyokwaye usebenzise usetyenziso qemu-nbd, eya kuvumela inkqubo yokusebenza ukufikelela kwifayile njengesixhobo esiqhelekileyo sebhloko. Emva koku, umfanekiso uya kufumaneka ngokunyuka, ukwahlula, ukujonga inkqubo yefayile kunye neminye imisebenzi.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba yonke imisebenzi ye-I/O xa usebenzisa le fomati icutshungulwa kwisoftware, ebandakanya ukucotha xa usebenza ngenkuthalo kunye nesistim esezantsi yediski. Ukuba umsebenzi kukuhambisa i-database kumncedisi, ngoko kungcono ukhethe ifomathi ye-RAW.
Ifomati yomfanekiso weVMware (vmdk). Le fomati yeyokuzalwa kwi-VMware vSphere hypervisor kwaye yafakwa kwi-Proxmox yokuhambelana. Ikuvumela ukuba ufuduke umatshini we-VMware wenyani kwisiseko seProxmox.
Ukusebenzisa i-vmdk ngokuqhubekayo akukhuthazwa; le fomati iyeyona icothayo kwi-Proxmox, ngoko ilungele ukwenza imfuduko kuphela, akukho okunye. Le ntsilelo ngokuqinisekileyo iya kupheliswa kwixesha elizayo elibonakalayo.

Ukusebenza ngemifanekiso yediski

I-Proxmox iza nesixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu esibizwa ngokuba qemu-img. Omnye wemisebenzi yayo kukuguqula imifanekiso yedisk enenyani. Ukuyisebenzisa, vula nje i-console ye-hypervisor kwaye usebenzise umyalelo kwifomathi:

qemu-img convert -f vmdk test.vmdk -O qcow2 test.qcow2

Kumzekelo onikiweyo, umfanekiso we-vmdk we-VMware virtual drive ebizwa uvavanyo iya kuguqulwa ibe yifomati iqkq2. Lo ngumyalelo oluncedo kakhulu xa ufuna ukulungisa imposiso kukhetho lohlobo lokuqala.

Ngombulelo kumyalelo ofanayo, unokunyanzela ukudalwa komfanekiso ofunekayo usebenzisa ingxabano ukudala:

qemu-img create -f raw test.raw 40G

Lo myalelo uya kudala umfanekiso wovavanyo kwifomati RAW, 40 GB ngobukhulu. Ngoku ilungele ukudityaniswa nakweyiphi na koomatshini benyani.

Ukutshintsha ubungakanani bediski ebonakalayo

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, siya kukubonisa indlela yokwandisa ubungakanani bomfanekiso wediski ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile akukho ndawo eyaneleyo kuyo. Ukwenza oku, sisebenzisa ingxabano yokutshintsha ubungakanani:

qemu-img resize -f raw test.raw 80G

Ngoku umfanekiso wethu uye waba yi-80 GB ngobukhulu. Unokujonga ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nomfanekiso usebenzisa ingxabano info:

qemu-img info test.raw

Ungalibali ukuba ukwandisa umfanekiso ngokwawo akuyi kwandisa ngokuzenzekelayo ubungakanani besahlulelo - kuya kongeza nje indawo ekhoyo yasimahla. Ukwandisa isahlulelo, sebenzisa umyalelo:

resize2fs /dev/sda1

apho / dev / sda1 - icandelo elifunekayo.

Ukuzenzekela kogcino

Ukusebenzisa indlela yesandla yokwenza ii-backups ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu kwaye uthatha ixesha. Kungenxa yoko le nto i-Proxmox VE ibandakanya isixhobo sokugcinwa kwee-backups ezicwangcisiweyo ngokuzenzekelayo. Makhe sijonge indlela yokwenza oku:

Ukusebenzisa i-hypervisor web interface, vula into Iziko ledatha.
Khetha into Ugcino.
Chukumisa iqhosha Yongeza.
Cwangcisa iiparamitha zomcwangcisi.
Khangela ibhokisi Yenza isebenze.
Gcina utshintsho usebenzisa iqhosha Yenza.

Ngoku umcwangcisi uya kuqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yokugcina ngexesha elichanekileyo elichaziweyo, ngokusekelwe kwishedyuli ekhankanyiweyo.

isiphelo

Siye saphonononga iindlela ezisemgangathweni zokuxhasa kunye nokubuyisela oomatshini benyani. Ukusetyenziswa kwabo kukuvumela ukuba ugcine yonke idatha ngaphandle kweengxaki kwaye uyibuyisele ngokukhawuleza kwimeko kaxakeka.

Kakade ke, oku akukuphela kwendlela enokwenzeka yokugcina idatha ebalulekileyo. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ezikhoyo, umz. Ukuphinda kabini, onokuthi ngayo wenze iikopi ezipheleleyo kunye nezongezelelo zemixholo yeeseva zeLinux ezisekwe kwinyani.

Xa usenza iinkqubo zogcino, kufuneka uhlale uthatha ingqalelo ukuba balayisha ngokusebenzayo inkqubo esezantsi yediski. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba ezi nkqubo zenziwe ngexesha lomthwalo omncinci ukuphepha ukulibaziseka ngexesha lemisebenzi ye-I / O ngaphakathi koomatshini. Uyakwazi ukubeka iliso ubume bolibaziseko lokusebenza kwedisk ngokuthe ngqo kwi-hypervisor web interface (iparameter ye-IO yokulibaziseka).

umthombo: www.habr.com

Malunga ne-backups kwi-Proxmox VE