Ngelishwa, eli gama alinayo i-analogue efanelekileyo yolwimi lwesiRashiya. I-Wikipedia inika "Iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala, ukuqesha abantu abaninzi." Oku ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "ubunini obuninzi." La magama anokubhida ngandlel’ ithile, kuba umxholo awunxulunyaniswa ngokwemvelo nokurenta okanye ubunini. Lo ngumbuzo woyilo lwesoftware kunye nentlangano yokusebenza kwayo. Kwaye le yokugqibela ayibalulekanga kangako.
Saqala ukuqulunqa ukuqonda kwethu kwi-multitenancy ngexesha elifanayo njengoko saqala ukuyila indlela yelifu (inkonzo) imodeli yomsebenzi kwi-1C: Ishishini. Oku kwenzeka kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo. Kwaye ukususela ngoko ukuqonda kwethu kuye kwanda rhoqo. Sihlala sifumanisa ngakumbi nangakumbi imiba emitsha yalo mbandela (izinto ezilungileyo, ezimbi, ubunzima, iimpawu, njl.).
Ngamanye amaxesha abaphuhlisi baqonda i-multitenancy njengesifundo esilula kakhulu: "ukuze idatha yemibutho emininzi igcinwe kwisiseko sedatha enye, kufuneka udibanise ikholamu enesichongi sombutho kuzo zonke iitafile kwaye usete isihluzo kuyo." Thina, ewe, siye saqala ukufunda ngalo mba ukusukela ngalo mzuzu. Kodwa bakhawuleza baqonda ukuba oku kwakukuphela kokucoca (kwakhona, ngendlela, akukho lula). Ngokubanzi, eli "lilizwe lonke".
Umbono osisiseko we-multitenancy unokuchazwa into enje. Isicelo esiqhelekileyo yi-cottage eyenzelwe ukuhlala intsapho enye, esebenzisa iziseko zayo (iindonga, uphahla, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi, ukufudumeza, njl.). Isicelo se-multitenancy sisakhiwo sokuhlala. Kuyo, intsapho nganye isebenzisa isiseko esifanayo, kodwa isiseko ngokwaso siphunyezwa kuyo yonke indlu.
Ngaba indlela yokwenza izinto ezininzi ilungile okanye imbi? Ungafumana izimvo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu kule. Kubonakala kungekho “nto ilungileyo okanye imbi” konke konke. Kufuneka uthelekise i-pros and cons kumxholo wemisebenzi ethile esonjululwa. Kodwa esi sisihloko esahlukileyo...
Ngengqiqo yayo elula, injongo ye-multitenancy kukunciphisa iindleko zokugcina isicelo ngokuthi "socialization" iindleko zeziseko. Le yintshukumo efanayo nokunciphisa iindleko zesicelo ngokusebenzisa isisombululo semveliso (mhlawumbi kunye nokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunye nokuguqulwa), kunokuba uyibhale "ukuyalela." Kwimeko enye kuphela uphuhliso lwentlalontle, kwaye kwelinye - ukuxhaphaza.
Ngaphezu koko, siphinda, akukho khonkco ngqo kwindlela yokuthengisa. Uyilo lwe-multitenancy lunokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwi-IT yenkampani okanye yesebe ukwenza i-automate inani elikhulu lamasebe afanayo kunye nokubamba amashishini.
Sinokuthi i-multitenancy ayingombandela nje wokulungiselela ukugcinwa kwedatha. Lo ngumzekelo wendlela isicelo esisebenza ngayo xa sisonke (kubandakanya inxalenye ebalulekileyo yolwakhiwo lwaso, imodeli yokuthunyelwa kwayo, kunye nombutho wokugcinwa kwayo).
Eyona nto inzima kwaye inomdla malunga nemodeli ye-multitenancy, kubonakala ngathi, kukuba undoqo wesicelo "i-bifurcates." Ingxenye yokusebenza isebenza kunye neendawo ezithile zedatha (iiflethi) kwaye "ayinomdla" kwinto yokuba kukho abahlali kwamanye amagumbi. Kwaye abanye bayayibona indlu xa iyonke kwaye basebenzele bonke abahlali ngaxeshanye. Ngelo xesha, le yokugqibela ayikwazi ukuyihoxisa into yokuba ezi, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, amagumbi ahlukeneyo, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ofunekayo we-granularity kunye nokhuseleko.
Kwi-1C: Ishishini, imodeli ye-multitenancy iphunyezwa kwinqanaba letekhnoloji ezininzi. Ezi ziindlela ze-1C:Iqonga leShishini, iindlela ze"Kwaye"", iindlela (amathala eencwadi enkqubo esezantsi esemgangathweni).
Nganye kwezi zinto inegalelo kulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo zesakhiwo esineeflethi. Kutheni le nto iphunyezwa kwiiteknoloji ezininzi, kwaye kungekhona kwelinye, umzekelo, kwiqonga? Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba ezinye iindlela, ngokoluvo lwethu, zifanelekile ukulungelelanisa ukhetho oluthile lokusasazwa. Kodwa ngokubanzi, lo ngumbuzo onzima, kwaye sihlala sijongene nokukhetha - kwiyiphi inqanaba kungcono ukuphumeza oku okanye loo nkalo ye-multitenancy.
Ngokucacileyo, inxalenye esisiseko yeendlela ezifunekayo ukuba ziphunyezwe eqongeni. Ewe, umzekelo, ulwahlulo lwangempela lwedatha. Apha kulapho abantu bahlala beqala ukuthetha malunga ne-multitenancy. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, imodeli ye-multitenancy "yahamba" ngenxalenye ebalulekileyo yeendlela zeqonga kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa kwayo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ukucinga kwakhona.
Kwinqanaba leqonga, siphumeze kanye iindlela ezisisiseko. Bakuvumela ukuba wenze izicelo ezisebenza kwimodeli ye-multitenancy. Kodwa ukuze izicelo "ziphile kwaye zisebenze" kumzekelo onjalo, kufuneka ube nenkqubo yokulawula "imisebenzi yobomi" yabo. I-1cUbuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nengqikelelo yoshishino olumanyeneyo kwinqanaba le-BSP lunoxanduva loku. Kanye njengakwisakhiwo esineflethi isiseko sibonelela abahlali ngayo yonke into abayifunayo, ngoko ke ubuchwephesha be-1cFresh bubonelela ngayo yonke into abayifunayo kwizicelo ezisebenza ngemodeli ye-multitenancy. Kwaye ukwenzela ukuba izicelo zikwazi ukusebenzisana nale siseko (ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okuphawulekayo), "izixhumanisi" ezihambelanayo zifakwe kuzo ngendlela ye-subsystems ye-BSP.
Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga iindlela zeqonga, kulula ukuqaphela ukuba njengoko sifumana amava kwaye siphuhlisa imeko yokusetyenziswa kwelifu "1C: Ishishini," sandisa ukubunjwa kweendlela ezibandakanyekayo kolu lwakhiwo. Makhe sinike umzekelo ube mnye. Kwimodeli ye-multitenancy, iindima zabathathi-nxaxheba benkonzo yesicelo zitshintsha kakhulu. Indima (inqanaba loxanduva) yabo banoxanduva lwezicelo zokusebenza yanda kakhulu. Kuye kwaba yimfuneko ukuba babe nezixhobo zokulawula izicelo ezinamandla ngakumbi. Kuba abasebenzisi bezicelo (abahlali) bathemba kuqala kubo bonke ababoneleli abasebenza nabo. Ukwenza oku, siphumeze entsha . Le ndlela ivumela abalawuli ababoneleli ukuba banciphise inkululeko yabaphuhlisi besicelo ukuya kwinqanaba elifunekayo lokhuseleko - ngokwenene, ukuhlukanisa ukusebenza kwesicelo kumqeshi ngamnye ngaphakathi kwebhokisi yesanti ethile.
Akukho nto inika umdla kuyilo lolwakhiwo lokulawula usetyenziso olusebenza kwimowudi ye-multitenancy (yintoni ephunyezwayo kwitekhnoloji ye-1cFresh kunye ne-BSP). Apha, xa kuthelekiswa nomzekelo wokusetyenziswa oqhelekileyo, iimfuno zokuzenzekelayo kweenkqubo zokulawula zanda kakhulu. Kukho ezininzi iinkqubo ezinjalo: ukudala iindawo ezintsha zedatha ("iindawo zokuhlala"), uhlaziyo lwezicelo, ukuhlaziya ulwazi lolawulo, i-backups, njl. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, iimfuno zomgangatho wokuthembeka kunye nokufumaneka ziyanda. Umzekelo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana okuthembekileyo phakathi kwezicelo kunye namacandelo enkqubo yokulawula, siphumeze itekhnoloji yenkqubo yokufowuna esynchronous kunye nokuhanjiswa okuqinisekisiweyo.
Inqaku elifihlakeleyo yindlela yokunxibelelana kwedatha kunye neenkqubo. Kubonakala kulula (ukuba kubonakala kumntu) kuphela ekuboneni kuqala. Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu kukulingana phakathi kokubekwa ndawonye kwedatha kunye neenkqubo kunye nokwabela amagunya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-centralization ikuvumela ukuba unciphise iindleko (indawo yediski, izixhobo zeprosesa, iinzame zomlawuli ...). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inciphisa inkululeko "yabaqeshi". Le yenye yezihlandlo "ze-bifurcation" yesicelo, xa umphuhlisi efuna ukucinga ngaxeshanye malunga nesicelo ngengqiqo emxinwa (ukukhonza "indlu" enye) kunye nengqiqo ebanzi (ukukhonza bonke "abaqeshi" ngaxeshanye) .
Njengomzekelo “wengxaki” enjalo, umntu unokucaphula ulwazi olulawulayo nolwereferensi. Kakade ke, kukho isilingo esikhulu sokwenza kube yinto eqhelekileyo kubo bonke “abaqeshi” bendlu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uyigcine kwikopi enye kwaye uyihlaziyele wonke umntu ngexesha elinye. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba abanye abahlali bafuna utshintsho oluthile. Ngokungaqhelekanga, oku kuyenzeka, nakulwazi oluchazwe ngabalawuli (amaqumrhu karhulumente). Oku kuvela ukuba ngumbuzo onzima: ukuhlalisana okanye ukungahlali? Kuyahenda, ewe, ukwenza ulwazi oluphangaleleyo lomntu wonke kunye nemfihlo kwabo balufunayo. Kwaye oku sele kukhokelela ekuphunyezweni okunzima kakhulu. Kodwa sisebenza kule nto ...
Omnye umzekelo kuyilo lokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo eziqhelekileyo (eziqhutywe kwishedyuli, eziqaliswe yinkqubo yokulawula, njl.). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, banokuphunyezwa kwindawo nganye yedatha ngokwahlukileyo. Kulula kwaye kulula ngakumbi. Kodwa, kwelinye icala, i-granularity enjalo idala umthwalo omkhulu kwinkqubo. Ukunciphisa umthwalo, kufuneka uphumeze iinkqubo zentlalo. Kodwa zifuna ufundisiso olunenyameko ngakumbi.
Kakade ke, oku kuphakamisa umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Abaphuhlisi bezicelo banokuqinisekisa njani ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi? Yintoni ekufuneka beyenzele oku? Ngokuqinisekileyo, sizama ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthwalo wezobuchwepheshe kunye nemiba yeziseko zophuhliso iwela kangangoko kunokwenzeka kumagxa ethekhnoloji ebonelelwayo, kwaye umphuhlisi wesicelo ucinga kuphela ngokwemisebenzi yengqiqo yeshishini. Kodwa njengeminye imiba ebalulekileyo yokwakha, abaphuhlisi bezicelo kufuneka babe nokuqonda okuthile ekusebenzeni kwimodeli ye-multitenancy kwaye umzamo othile uya kufuneka xa uphuhlisa izicelo. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba kukho iingongoma iteknoloji ayikwazi ukubonelela ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela i-semantics yedatha. Ngokomzekelo, inkcazo efanayo yemida yolwazi lwentlalo. Kodwa sizama ukugcina obu bunzima buncinci. Sele kukho imizekelo yokuphunyezwa kwezicelo ezinjalo.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo kumxholo wokuphumeza i-multitenancy kwi-1C: I-Enterprise kukuba sidala imodeli ye-hybridi apho isicelo esinye sinokusebenza kwimodi yobuninzi kunye nemodi eqhelekileyo. Lo ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu kunye nesihloko sengxoxo eyahlukileyo.
umthombo: www.habr.com
