Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Iintsuku zokuqala zasehlotyeni zinkulu kuhambo lwemfundo oluya eSt.
Siza kutyelela i-Miran, i-linxdatacenter, i-RETN kunye ne-Metrotek.

Ngo-5 ekuseni, isikhululo saseMoskovsky, i-KFC, i-Moika embankment, i-Plate, amajuba avela eluphahleni, iSt.

Miran

Ilebhu yethu kunye noEva, iseva yosasazo, iMikrotik Routeros ebonakalayo, i-linkmeup hosting kunye nokufikeleleka kwe-IPv6, kwaye ngoku ukusingathwa kwepodcast kuhlala eMirana iminyaka eliqela ngoku.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Ekungeneni eMiran siqale samkelwa ngumzi-mveliso wokuvelisa idizili.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Uninzi lweeSeti zeGenereyitha yeDizili zikwivili ngenxa yezizathu ezibini:

  • Ukushukuma - kukho iimodyuli ezininzi ze-Mirana ezilikhulu leemitha kude. Baneejenereyitha zabo - kodwa awukwazi - kuya kufuneka uziqengqe.
  • Ukushukuma - akufuneki ukuba zibhaliswe njengezixhobo zombane ezimileyo kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, akukho maxwebhu oyilo afunekayo.

I-DGU Mirana ebusika nasehlotyeni iqala kwimizuzwana embalwa. Ngeli xesha, yonke indawo yedatha inikwe amandla ngamabhetri.

Zombini i-iron HP kwisimo sikaMiran kunye nohambo lwaba nombulelo kuFedor Rusakov.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Lonke ukhenketho lwenzeka kwindawo epholileyo yasekhaya. Ikhofi ene-cookies, incoko malunga ne-telecoms, malunga nemvelaphi yenkampani, malunga nokuthutha iiseva ezingamakhulu amabini ze-vkshechka ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eSt. Petersburg phantsi kobumnyama. Sahamba ngokukhululeka kwizakhiwo ezibini zedatha. Zombini ziinguqulelo zeBrownField ezisuka kwindawo yomzi-mveliso. Kweyokuqala, ephethwe nguMiran, apho saqala khona kwaye apho kumgangatho wesibini saphinda satshaja emva kokuhamba ngeeyure ezine ejikeleza iSt. Eneneni kwakungekho mgangatho wesibini - kwakukho amasango amakhulu okubuyela umva naphambili. Yonke into yachithwa, umgangatho wesibini wakhiwa, ukupholisa okusebenzayo, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okungafunekiyo, inkqubo yokucima umlilo wegesi.

I-aisle eshushu yeklasikhi, apho umoya unikezelwa kwii-air conditioners kunye naphantsi komgangatho ophakamileyo ukuya kwindawo ebandayo evaliweyo.

Iintambo zamandla nazo zifihliwe phantsi komgangatho ophakanyisiweyo.

UMiran akazange azalwe njengeqonga lomxumi omnye we-ankile, kodwa endaweni yoko waphuhlisa ngokucwangcisekileyo umnikelo wakhe kwimarike apho kukho imfuno.

Ngesinye isikhathi kwakukho ibhanki enkulu apha kunye nabo bonke abagcini bokhuseleko abayimfuneko kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ukufikelela, kodwa sele sele iphumile.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Imfuno yaqhubeka ikhula, iMiran nayo, kwavela isakhiwo sesibini - sele siqashiwe - kunye neBrownField - amakhulu amabini eemitha ukusuka kwesokuqala. Indlela ihamba ecaleni kodonga lweBolshaya Nevka ngaphaya kwendlu kaNobel.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Isakhiwo esitsha sakhiwe kumgaqo wemodyuli kunye nokukwazi ukuthutha imodyuli yonke xa kukho iingxaki kunye nomnini-mhlaba. Iibhokisi ezimbini zokuqala zathengwa kumenzi, eyesithathu yayisele ihlanganiswe ngokuqwalasela iimpazamo ezindala.

I-architecture ye-modular yajika yaba neengxaki - zincinci - i-corridor eshushu yi-60 cm - abantu ababini abanako ukuhlukana. Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, iindleko zokuhamba, njengoko zavela ekubaleni kokuqala, zifaniswa nokwakha entsha.

Kodwa zibukeka zintsha kwaye zinefashoni ngaphandle nangaphakathi.

I-NOC yabafana kwiLinux yeOthodoki, iDebian ezinzileyo.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Inkampani, ngendlela, yafumana igama layo kwi-Meridian Integrated Recorded Announcement (MIRAN) System board kwi-switch phone ye-Meridian. Kwaye emva koko, iziko ledatha lalibizwa ngokuba.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Bagqiba ekubeni bakhe iziko ledatha kunyaka onzima we-2008.

Ukusukela ngoko, abafana bebebonelela nge-dedik kunye nentsimbi. Izixhobo zokusebenza zifakwe kumagumbi akhethekileyo.

Kwaye oku kubeka izithintelo ezithile kunye neempawu emsebenzini. Ngokomzekelo, ii-racks ziqulethe izixhobo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo, zombini ngokubhekiselele koomatshini kunye ngokubhekiselele kuthungelwano. E-Miran, andizange ndibone uArista noMellanox kuphela. Zonke izixhobo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokushisa kwi-corridor ebandayo, ngoko kufuneka igcinwe kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu - malunga ne-20 Β° C, oko kukuthi, akukho mfuneko yokuthetha nge-PUE ephantsi - i-Miran ine-1,5.
Enye i-nuance yimitshato yeenyoka kwiindawo zokumisa. Nje ukuba uvumele abahlobo bangaphandle ukuba bangene kwigumbi kunye nonxibelelwano lwabo, bhala "ubuhle buhambile." Akukho mntu unemikhethe.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Owu, ukwazisa amanyathelo angqongqo apha kunokuba yingozi kuwe.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eStUhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt
Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt
Iifoto zamva nje.

Kwaye ke ukuthengisa ukusuka kwitafile yethu ukuya kweyakho kwaye ukusuka kweyakho ukuya kweyethu. Isihlwele sakhwelisana eziteksini nakunxibelelwano.

linxdatacenter

Aba ngabafana abazimiseleyo, abapase labo okwethutyana lide lithi "Imicimbi yoKhuseleko." Oku kuya kuba yi-leitmotif yohambo lonke.

Emva kwe-gingerbread Miran kwi-linxdatacenter, uyaqonda ukuba i-DC yodidi ifikile. Ngomhla wabo wokuphumla, abantu aba-4 badibana, bethetha ngokungafihlisiyo, bengekho embindini wesixeko ukuze baxelele abanye abantu abahlanu abangafane babe ngabathengi babo :)

UMaria Svistunova wadibana nathi waza wasisa kwitafile enkulu yothethathethwano. Incoko encinci engenamsebenzi ngekofu yaseGuatemala kwaye sihambe.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Uhambo luyahamba apha. UMaxim no-Oleg bayayazi into yabo: bathetha njengoko beyazi: ngokucacileyo nangomdla. Apho kuyimfuneko, bayagxininisa, yaye apho kungekho njalo, bayayidlula. Uburharha bukwalungelelaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo, ngoko ke ngaphezu kweeyure ezimbini ubhabhe ungabonwa.

Ibhongo leziko ledatha yi-100% yokuphumla ukususela ekuqalisweni kwayo kwi-2011.

Ukuzithemba kuphezulu kangangokuba akukho ndawo ebhodini lokukora for ishumi.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

I-Linx ngumzekelo we-DC kwifomathi yeGreenField. Isakhiwo sakhiwe ngokukodwa ukuba sibe ne-DC. Ngoko ke, ukuphakama kweesilingi, amandla emigangatho, igalelo lokunikezelwa kwamandla, ukuchithwa kwayo, i-SCS - ifakwe kwiprojekthi kwaye ithathelwe ingqalelo kwinqanaba lokwakha.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Ngoko, ngokungagqibekanga, umgangatho unokumelana nokuma kwe-800 kg, kodwa ubunzima bunokwandiswa ngakumbi emva kokuqiniswa okongeziweyo. Bathi iiracks ze-Oracle ezixabisa i-Falcon9 zifuna unyango olulodwa.

I-DC ngokwayo inikwe amandla ofakelo lwe-gas-piston, kwaye umbane wesixeko yindawo yokugcina kuphela. Ngokutsho kukaMaxim, esi sisigqibo esichanekileyo, kuba ngexesha elidumileyo laseSt.

Ijenereyitha yedizili apha ayiseyiyo inqwelo erhuqwayo enamavili, kodwa ligumbi elimile ngokupheleleyo elineetshimini ezinyukela phezulu ngaphezulu kwembonakalo-mhlaba.

Ixesha lokuqalisa alikho ngaphezu kwemizuzu emibini, kwaye yonke isikhungo sedatha sinokusebenza kwiibhetri malunga neyure. Iinjini zedizili zinokusebenza kangangeentsuku ezi-3 ngaphandle kwe-refueling.

Kukho ucwangco kunye nokucinga kuyo yonke into apha.

Oku, umzekelo, iKlyuchintsa, apho abathengi beziko ledatha banokuthatha izitshixo kwiiracks zabo besebenzisa iminwe yabo.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Kwaye eli ligumbi apho abathengi banokuqhuba nawuphi na umsebenzi wobunjineli abawufunayo, apho isixhobo sokuzinzisa sijinga eludongeni.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Ezi sele zizishelufu zokusetyenziswa kwasekhaya nayo yonke into ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla:

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Ihlala ihlawuliswa kwaye ilungele ukuhamba.

Ikepusi ye-baseball ye-hiphopper enqwenelayo kwifoto engasentla igcine intloko yomntu ongaphezulu komnye. Kunzima njenge-helmet yendalo - into engcono kakhulu yokunyuka phantsi komgangatho ophakamileyo wemitha enesiqingatha, apho, hayi, hayi, intsimbi ebukhali iphuma ngaphandle.

Ngokwenyani abasebenzi ukusuka ekusebenzeni:

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Esi sixhobo esingenakulinganiswa yigeyiji yoxinzelelo oluhlukileyo.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Yenzelwe ukusombulula ingxaki elula - ukugcina umahluko wexinzelelo phakathi kwecorridor kunye negumbi lomatshini. Ngokomzekelo, ukwenzela ukuba ibe phezulu kancinci kwaye xa umnyango uvuliwe, uthuli alubhabhi ngaphakathi, kodwa kunokuba lubaleke lusuke emnyango.

Inkqubo yokucima umlilo nayo iyirhasi - xa kukho ingxaki, igesi iyayisusa ioksijini kwaye iyeke ukutsha.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Kuphela abafana abanzulu kunye nabanzulu kakhulu abanezizathu ze-paranoia ubukhulu be-Ararat bema kwiikhonkco.

I-Grilles kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ukufikelela okwahlukileyo kwiziko ledatha ziqala nje.

Xa abantu ababini beza kuxazulula ingxaki okanye benze unxibelelwano olutsha-enye kunye nesitshixo sezinto eziphathekayo, enye nge-elektroniki - oku kuba nomdla ngakumbi. Kwaye xa umphicothi-zincwadi obonakeleyo efika kumxhasi, wehla phantsi komgangatho ophakanyisiweyo, udibanisa amaphepha amabini emivalo kwaye uthi intloko yomntwana iya kungena apha, uyaqonda ukuba umntu uye wabona izinto ezinomdla ebomini bakhe.

Kwakukho iimeko ezihlekisayo xa, xa beyila ikheji, bathathela ingqalelo yonke into enokwenzeka, zonke iinkqubo zokhuseleko, yonke imilinganiselo ekuvumela ukuba ungenise i-rack kwaye ubeke izixhobo kuyo, kodwa ngandlela thile abazange bacinge malunga nemilinganiselo iinjineli eziza kusebenza nayo. Kodwa azihambelani phakathi kwekheji kunye nokuma nokuba ngaphambili okanye kwiprofayile.

Ukuba bendiyiFSB, bendiza kufaka ihardware yam kwilinx :)

Emva kohambo, sahlala ixesha elide, sincokola kamnandi ngepizza.
Ukusuka kulo mmandla wokhuseleko kunye nocwangco siye safudukela eRETN.

I-RETN

Kudala sibazi aba bafana. Ke ngoko, ayimangalisi into yokuba ekugqibeleni sahlanganisana phezu kophahla lwabo ukuze soje inyama kwaye sibalise amabali.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Sikhe saya kubo ngaphambili, nangona ndingacingi ukuba sikuxelele ngalo nto. Kunyaka ophelileyo, amacebo okuthimba uphahla lwaseSt. Petersburg awaphumelelanga ngenxa yeFifa.

IRETN ngoyena mqhubi wethambo lomqolo omkhulu onefiber kwiplanethi yonke. I-web yabo iya kuba ngumona waso nasiphi na isigcawu.

Kwaye i-DC kwi-Obvodny yiprojekthi yasekhaya yomphefumlo ofumene i-niche yayo kwimarike ekhulayo. Kulapho abo bafuna unxibelelwano oluluqilima kunye nehlabathi kunye nokufikelela kwabanye abaqhubi bendawo bangena khona.

Umzekelo, iRETN iqulethe i-CDN yeNetflix.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Ndothuswa kukuva ukuba indawo nganye kuzo yayisayinwe ngesandla ngebinzana.
Kwaye ezi bhokisi zeeholide zivuthululwe kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo kwi-RETN's POPs (kwaye, ngokucacileyo, ayisiyiyo kuphela), ukuzisa "i-Black Mirror" kunye ne "Peaky Blinders" kuwe ngokukhawuleza.

Kukwakho neCDN kaGoogle kunye neqela labaqhubi, bobabini basekhaya kunye nomanyano.

I-RETN ineejeneretha zedizili ezimbini ezincinci (xa kuthelekiswa nekaMiranov) kunye nemoto eneetoti zokuya kwisikhululo segesi esisecaleni kwesakhiwo. Ivakala ngathi lishishini losapho.

Ewe, uthethathethwano lwangokuhlwa eluphahleni lwasizisa kwinqanaba lokuba iRETN isinike ibhokisi enenyani yendawo yokugcina ukusingatha iipodcasts kunye nemifanekiso.
Abafana behlabathi, iziko ledatha yesibane esikhulu, inethiwekhi emangalisa kunye nesikali sayo.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Kwabanye, olu suku lwaphela ngetumente ye-duke nukem, kwabanye ngobuthongo obude bulindelwe ehotele.

Ngosuku olulandelayo sasingenazo izicwangciso ezininzi: iMetrotek kunye nepodcast live - linkmeup IRL.

Metrotek

Kwinyanga nje edlulileyo sityelele ipodcast ye-telecom weza UMisha Sokolov kunye noDenis Gabidullin be-STC Metrotek slash Plumspace, kwaye saxubusha ukuba yintoni iSmart SFP. Kwaye ngoku sakwazi ukubachukumisa bephila.

UDenis, owakhenketha kwiofisi yaseMetrotek yaseSt.
Ekuqaleni ndothuswa bubukrwada benziwe – ngokungathi buqingqwe kwisikrweqe esiyi-32mm ngejigsaw kunye nefayile.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Kwavela ukuba umzimba weprototype wawuyi-3D eprintwe kumgubo wesinyithi, njengoko unokubonwa kwindawo erhabaxa. Abanye - abo balungele uchungechunge - balandelelana ngokugqibeleleyo.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Kodwa ngokubanzi, ujonge kubo, uyamangaliswa yindlela abasakwazi ngayo ukufihla ubuchopho obuninzi kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Ndikucebisa ukuba umamele podcast malunga noRosa, uTozu kunye nodade wabo uBoza. Kwavela umdla kwincasa yam.

Uyilo lweofisi luqhelekile kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iiofisi ezincinci zoxande, zolulelwe ngasefestileni, zimnyama kakhulu, nto leyo yayicinezela kancinane. Kodwa umoya, ngaphandle kosuku lokuphumla, wawufana nomsebenzi.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Uyilo alutshintshanga kwiminyaka emibini. Ndayoliswa zezinye iipowusta kunye neebhodi.

Sahamba kumagumbi aliqela: R & D, iinjineli zenkqubo, iingcali FPGA, ibanjwe ezandleni zethu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo SFP, abadwelisi benkqubo, wabona imodeli yokuqala apho Smart wasuswa SFP kwi ngocingo - enye imifuniselo yokuqala - kunokuba, a Ubungqina beNgcinga yokuba iyasebenza konke konke.

Bathi abanye abathengi bade bafumanise ukuba kulula ukuba nomsila onjalo uphume kwintsimbi yabo.
Eyona njongo iphambili kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo yayikukuhlanganisa i-SFP eqhelekileyo yamehlo enokuthi idlulise umqondiso.

Emva koko badibanisa ngokwahlukileyo inxalenye ye-Smart kunye ne-SFP yomnye umntu (nje kwintambo) ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayakwazi ukudibanisa ii-chips.

UMetrotek wenze umsebenzi omhle kakhulu. Cinga nje ukuba kwiminyaka emi-2 bahlanganisa imodyuli ye-optical esebenza ngokupheleleyo enokuthi ifake, i-telemetry, iseva yexesha elichanekileyo, kunye ne-interface converter.

Kwaye kwangaxeshanye, debug kwimfezeko (nangona oku kuhlala kuvavanywa kunye nexesha) umsebenzi osisiseko wokuhanjiswa komqondiso. Akufuneki kubekho ukuthotywa, akufuneki kubekho namathontsi anqabileyo ngenxa yempazamo ye-SFP. Kwaye akufanele ishushu, nangona ipakethe ye-ASICs, FPGAs kunye ne-CPUs ngaphakathi.
IBravo!

Gqibezela inkqubo yekhompyutha:

  • CPU: NXP i.MX6 ARM ukuya ku 900 MHz
  • I-FPGA: I-Lattice ECP5 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-85K LUTs
  • I-RAM: DDR3 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1 GB

UDenis waphawula ukuba inkampani iyaziqhelanisa kwaye ikhuthaza ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi kunye namava. Kwaye emva koko ndacinga: "Ngaba ngokwenene kunokuba njalo? 0_o.” β€” Ewe, ngokufuthi abantu beza kubo abathi, kwindawo ababesebenza kuyo ngaphambili, batya iijusi zabo, abazange banxibelelane, benza umsebenzi ophindwe kabini nakathathu kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo baphephe iinzame zokunxibelelana.

Kwaye ke ndakhumbula ukuba, ngokubanzi, akukho ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini edlulileyo ndasebenza kwinkampani yamazwe ngamazwe, evaliweyo ngokubanzi, apho iinkomfa zavalwa kwaye utshintshiselwano ngolwazi lwalungekho njengeklasi. Kwaye ndandingomnye wabashumayeli beentlanganiso zokutshintshiselana ngeveki ezazibonakala zisindisa iinjineli ezizidwayi kwiindawo ezikude.

Ngokubanzi, iMetrotek iqhuba rhoqo uqeqesho lwangaphakathi kunye neentetho, yingakho zinkulu.

Kwaye emva koko sasiwa kwiworkshop yokufakela emangalisayo. Enoba ndibatyelela izihlandlo ezingaphi, kubonakala ngathi ulonwabo lwam lobuntwana alupheli.

IMetrotek inezixhobo zokushicilela kwiibhodi zesekethe kanye eofisini.

I-stencil yokufaka i-solder pellets, umshicileli wamacandelo e-SMD (andikwazi ukuyibiza ngayo nantoni na enye), isitovu esincinci sokubhaka iibhodi zeesekethe kunye nezikhululo zokusebenza ezikufutshane zofakelo lwezandla.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Ndothuka ndakufumanisa ukuba iimicrochips ezinemilenze engamakhulu nazo zithengiswa ngesandla. UDenis uthi abafana babo bathengisa iindawo ezincinci ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo kunye nesantya, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akukho sizathu sokusebenzisa umatshini we-shaitan - umntu uya kuyenza ngokukhawuleza.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Sathiya umgca wemveliso othi Metrotek Eltex-Verilight phakathi kwethu, emva kohambo lwamva nje oluya kubo.

Ukongeza, iofisi ineprinta ye-3D kunye nomatshini wokugaya kwiimfuno zangaphakathi, nangona kunjalo, sele isetyenziselwa ukukrola iimbasa kunyaka ophelileyo. Chaos Construction.

Uhamba kumaziko edatha kunye ne-telecoms eSt

Ukusuka apho saya kwi-Krang Pizza, emangalisayo kumxholo wayo we-ideological, apho iqela elipheleleyo le-linkmeup laginya i-pizza burger eyayiguquguqukayo kuzo zombini ubungakanani kunye nentsingiselo kwaye yafudukela kwi-ofisi yokukhetha ye-IQ, apho sarekhoda isiqendu sokuqala. linkmeup IRL.

Ngemini elandelayo, siphinde sajonga kwiZiko leLaser kwincam evela eMammoth, apho siye safumana ulonwabo lwetekhnoloji kunye nokudumba okuncinci kokunyoluka, kodwa iya kuba libali elahlukileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, ndingathanda ukuthi zonke iihambo kunye neentlanganiso ziye zahluke kakhulu, zombini kwinqanaba lezenzo kunye nokugxila.

UMiran, osindleke ngokubuk’ iindwendwe, ukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa usenobuhlobo kwaye ulula.

Amakhonkco liziko ledatha elipholileyo ngokwenene, elinokhuseleko oluphambili kunye nabathengisi abanamava.
I-RETN ngabafana abancinci, abonwabileyo "abasuka kwiigaraji" abakha inethiwekhi enkulu kunye neziko elincinci ledatha kwaye abachasanga ukwakha umlilo eluphahleni.

I-Metrotek liqela elincinane ngokwentelekiso labaphuhlisi behardware baseRashiya kunye nabaphuhlisi besoftware, abathi phantse β€œngezi zandla kanye” benza imfumba yezixhobo zokulinganisa ezingaphezulu kunokhuphiswano, kwaye ngoku bangena kwimarike entsha ngomsebenzi onamabhongo.

Kwaye iZiko leLaser, elihamba ngaphaya kwemidla ye-linkmeup, kodwa yinto esinomdla kuyo. Ndishiye umbono omnandi kakhulu kunye nomkrolo wombhobho kwirekhoda.

umthombo: www.habr.com

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