Kutshanje, enye yeenkqubo zekhompyuter ezisasazwayo - i-SETI@Home, eyayisetyenziselwa ukukhangela umqondiso wemvelaphi ekrelekrele, ukuhlalutya idatha efunyenwe yi-telescope yerediyo yeemitha ezingama-300 e-Arecibo, evaliweyo ngoku, ivakalise ukuvalwa kwayo, kuba idatha ukusukela ngexesha iteleskopu yafakwa ngayo ukusebenza naphambi kokuvalwa kwayo kwalungiswa ngempumelelo. Oku kwenziwa umbulelo onokwenzeka kwizigidi ezininzi zamavolontiya - abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo abanikeze amandla ekhompyuter yasimahla yezixhobo zabo zokuhlalutya idatha. Abanye babo bade bangena engxakini enkulu nomthetho ngenxa yokuzonwabisa kwabo - .
Kwaye ukuba inzuzo yokuchitha amandla amaninzi ekhompyuter ukufumana umqondiso ovela kwimpucuko ekrelekrele phakathi kweminye imiqondiso kanomathotholo erekhodwe yiteleskopu ibonakala iyathandabuzeka, ke ezinye iiprojekthi ezifana neSETI @ Ekhaya zisetyenziswa ngakumbi, nangona kunjalo. , xa kukho ezinye izifo nemisebenzi emininzi, mhlawumbi engabalulekanga kangako, yaye mhlawumbi ebaluleke ngakumbi. Kwelinye icala, iindaba zamva nje zongeze abalandeli abangama-400 kwiprojekthi ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, eliya kuthi, ngokukodwa, kwixesha elizayo, kuqulunqwe amayeza okunyanga ezinye izibetho.
Kodwa eyona nto imangalisayo yinkqubela lwehlabathi lethu, kwaye kulo nyaka kukho ukuwohloka okuthile kuwo. I-Folding@Home njengangoku yeyona projekthi inkulu yesisa esasazwe kwikhompyuter yesayensi, ineepetaflops ezingama-470, engaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini ukusebenza kwenkqubo yekhompyuter enkulu. , kodwa kwangaxeshanye 81000000/470 = 172 amaxesha ngaphantsi ukusebenza kwenkqubo yekhompyutha esasazwayo kakhulu emhlabeni, zeziphi iinkonzo ucinga ntoni? Bitcoin! Kwaye inokusebenza malunga ne-340 yezigidi zeepetaflops.
Eli nqaku lilinge lokutsala ingqalelo kwingxaki, kwaye mhlawumbi utshintshe ingqalelo yomntu obandakanyekayo kwimigodi ye-cryptocurrencies kwimisebenzi ebaluleke ngokwenene, kuba awukwazi ukuthenga ubomi be-cryptocurrencies kunye nemali, nangona kunjalo, kukho iinzuzo ezivela kwimigodi. . Abavelisi beefama zekhompyutha, ababoneleli bombane kunye namaziko edatha benza imali kwaba bantu.
Thina, njengomboneleli wokubamba, ngamanye amaxesha sinezibonelelo zamahhala, kodwa sinyanzeliswa ukuba sihlawule amatyala abaluleke kakhulu ombane, njengoko sibona, sichithwa kakhulu ukuba umlawuli wesikolo wakwazi ukubangela i-$ 10 yezigidi kumonakalo kwiziko kwiminyaka eyi-1,5. Ngoko ke, asifaki iinkqubo zekhompyutha ezisasazwayo kwiiseva kwaye asikhuthazi ukumbiwa kwemigodi kwaphela, kuba kubiza kwaye akukho nto, kwaye akukho mntu uthanda imithwalo ephezulu kwinethiwekhi. Abasebenzisi basekhaya okanye beofisi bangomnye umcimbi. Ukuba unethuba lokuqalisa uhlobo oluthile lwenkqubo yekhompyutha, ukongeza kwimigodi ye-cryptocurrency, ngelixa usebenzisa amandla angasebenziyo, oku kunokuzisa inzuzo enkulu kuwe nakwisayensi ngakumbi. Bhalisa nje kwenye yeeprojekthi - Folding@Home okanye BOINC ukukhetha kuyo. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uya kwenza igalelo lakho. Enye into kukuba yintoni igalelo kwaye ngaba ngokwenene liya kuba lixabiso njengoko kutshiwo?
yinkqubo eyenza ukuba ixesha elingasetyenziswanga kwikhompyutha yakho lifumaneke kwiiprojekthi zenzululwazi ezifana ne: SETI@home, Climateprediction.net, Rosetta@home, World Community Grid nezinye ezininzi. Emva kokufaka i-BOINC kwikhompyuter yakho, uya kuba nako ukukhetha kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, ukuba zeziphi ozigqibelayo. Kwisiza Kuyenzeka ukuba ukhethe ukuba zeziphi izibalo zenzululwazi ofuna ukuzenza.
(F@H, FAH) yiprojekthi yekhompyuter esasazwayo yokulinganisa iprotein yekhompyuter. Le projekthi yasungulwa ngo-Oktobha 1, 2000 ngoososayensi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford. Ngo-2017, i-Bitcoin yaba yeyona projekthi isasazwayo yekhompyuter, igqitha kwiFolding@Home. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-Matshi 2020, yonke into yatshintsha:
Ngomhla we-14 kuMatshi ka-2020, isigebenga setekhnoloji i-NVIDIA Corporation yabhenela kubadlali bemidlalo ukuba basebenzise amandla eekhompyuter zabo ukulwa ne-coronavirus. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, uCoreWeave, owona mgodi mkhulu waseMelika kwi-blockchain ye-Ethereum, wabhengeza ukuba ujoyina umlo ochasene ne-coronavirus. Isigebenga se-telecom yaseRussia i-MTS nayo ayizange ime ecaleni kwaye ibhengeze ukuba izixhobo zayo zamafu ziya kubhekiswa kwiprojekthi ye-Folding@Home ukuze kukhawuleziswe umsebenzi wokufumana unyango lwe-coronavirus entsha.
Kwiiveki ezine emva kokujoyina i-F @ H kumlo ochasene ne-coronavirus, uGreg Bowman uxele ukuba amavolontiya angama-400 kwihlabathi liphela ajoyine le projekthi. Ngokuthontelana kwabasebenzisi abatsha kulandela isibhengezo sokuba u-F @ H wayezibandakanya nomlo ochasene ne-coronavirus entsha, amandla eprojekthi anyuke ukuya kuma-000 petaflops. Ngaloo ndlela, iprojekthi yeFolding @ Home ingabizwa ngokuba yi-supercomputer enamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, okwesibini kuphela kwi-Bitcoin, amandla ayo angama-470 petaflops.
Ngomhla wama-26 kuMatshi, ngo-2020, amandla ekhompyuter ewonke agqithise i-1,5 exaflops, ephantse ilingane nentsebenzo epheleleyo yazo zonke ii-supercomputers kwihlabathi TOP500 simo - 1,65 exaflops.
Ngomhla we-12 ku-Epreli, i-2020, amandla ekhompyutheni ewonke yothungelwano adlula i-2,4 exaflops, kwaye nge-23 ka-Epreli - 2,6.
Nangona kunjalo, oku kusesezantsi kakhulu kunokusebenza kwenkqubo yeBitcoin, apho abathathi-nxaxheba banokufaka isandla. Kodwa mhlawumbi ulwazi olubi luyakuthintela ekwenzeni oku, okanye mhlawumbi isizathu sahluke ngokupheleleyo?
Ndandisazi ngokobuqu ngeprojekthi ye-SETI@Home, ndaze ndathatha inxaxheba kangangexesha elithile ngo-2004-2006, de ndagqiba ekubeni ixabiso lezi zibalo lithande u-0, kodwa ndandingazi kwaphela ngeFolding@Home, enezifundo ezininzi. kucwangciswe iminyaka yokubala ngaphambili kunye nexabiso layo mhlawumbi liphezulu (ngaphandle kokuba uthathele ingqalelo ukuba baye banikezela kwi-hysteria yehlabathi ukuze kuphuhliswe isitofu sokugonya isifo esinye kuphela, ngelixa ezinye izifundo ezininzi ziye zanqunyanyiswa). Kwaye ngempumelelo yaba yinxalenye yenethiwekhi ixesha elithile:
Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha elifutshane lokusebenzisa (malunga neveki yekhompyuter enzulu), ndinike iMac yam ukuba icoceke, iziko lenkonzo lathi kum: "Sithathe indawo ye-thermal paste kwikhadi lakho levidiyo, kuba yomile, ngaba ukwenzile. ukusebenza ngenkuthalo ngemizobo”?
Ngaba ukulungele ukwenza olu hlobo lokubala simahla ngenxa “yenzululwazi”, xa kungacacanga ukuba ngabaphi abantu ababeka phambili i-COVID-19, ethi, njengoko sele ibonakalisiwe eSweden, ayibangeli naziphi na iingxaki ezikhethekileyo, ngelixa ezinye Izifundo ngesizathu esithile ziba zesibini, nangona zibaluleke ngakumbi? Okanye ngenxa yamanani athandabuzekayo kwi-wallet yakho yeBitcoin, ngokucacileyo ayizukuhlawula iindleko zakho zokunika amandla kunye nokugcina ikhompyuter yakho (kwaye nokuba bayayenza, abayi kuba nakho ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo)?
Mna ngokwam, andikwenzi. Ke ngoko, ndiye ndacima inkqubo yeFolding@Home, ndithathela isigqibo kum ukuba zonke ezi "computing zisasazwa" malunga luncedo njengeBitcoin. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kwacaca kum ukuba kukho into ephuhliswayo ngokubulela kwezi zibalo, ke, yeha, iya kuthengiswa kwiinkampani zamayeza ngemali yokwenyani, eya kuhlawulisa wena kunye nam ngamachiza. Kwaye ukuba sihlawuliswa amayeza, kunengqiqo ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka bahlawulwe imali ethile kwizixhobo zabo zekhompyutha, ngoko inkqubo yophando erekhodiweyo kwimephu yendlela iya kuba nesandi ngakumbi (kwaye kungekhona kwinqanaba le-Seti@Home, elibangela ekugqibeleni. umonakalo omkhulu, kunokuba luncedo, ekubeni isixa esikhulu semithombo sisetyenzisiwe ngaphandle kwesiphumo esibambekayo), kwaye ezi zifundo kufuneka zihlawulwe ikakhulu ziinkampani zamayeza eziya kuthengisa amayeza athile kum nawe.
Kwaye kuba abambalwa abanokuba ngabaphuhlisi bamachiza bazimisele ukwabelana ngohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nemali Folding@Home kunye nabasebenzisi bayo, ixabiso leprojekthi libonakala lithandabuzeka kakhulu. Kungenjalo, kutheni iinkampani ezixuba amayeza zingayixhasi ngemali le projekthi kunye nabasebenzisi bayo bebonke?
Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kuya kwenzeka ukutsala abantu abaninzi ngakumbi kwiprojekthi ngokuthembisa, nangona kuncinci, kodwa intlawulo yezibonelelo zabo. Okuya kulunga kwaye kubonisa inqanaba loncedo. Iimali zabasebenzisi abahlawulayo zinokuthathwa kwiinkampani zoxubo-mayeza ezifuna izibonelelo zekhompyutha ezisasaziweyo ukuvelisa amayeza athile, kwaye zinokusasazwa ngokomlinganiselo phakathi kwabasebenzisi ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bemithombo yoncedo abayinike kuphononongo oluthile. Kwaye kwakhona kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukaRhulumente kunye neerhafu, ngenxa yesizathu esithile i-hadron collider ixhaswa ngemali? Kutheni ungaxhasi iprojekthi eluncedo ngakumbi ukuba inceda ukufumana unyango lweParkinson, umhlaza kunye nezinye izifo?
Ngokucacileyo, izibonelelo zezi projekthi ziphantse zifana neenzuzo zeprojekthi yokukhangela impucuko yangaphandle komhlaba, kungenjalo iinkampani ezixuba amayeza ziya kuxhasa konke oku kwaye zisebenzise iziphumo ezifunyenweyo. Okanye le mibutho "yesisa" sele ithengise idatha kubo, ikhuthaza abasebenzisi abanomdla kwiprojekthi mahhala ukuba bacinge ukuba basebenzela inzuzo yoluntu lonke. Ngelixa bazisa inzuzo kuphela kwisabelo esincinci kwaye ngakumbi kwabo basebenza kwezi projekthi njengabalawuli, kuba ngubani okuthintelayo ukuba ufikelele kumntu ovela kumbutho kwaye umkhuthaze kancinci ngokwemali ukuze atyhale le okanye leya uphando?
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngesizathu esithile, akukho mntu kwi-intanethi owakhe waphakamisa le mibuzo. Ngapha koko, iinkampani ezinkulu ezinje ngeAmazon kunye nabaqhubi beselula baye bajoyina le projekthi, beqinisekisa abantu abaqhelekileyo - "abanokuba ngamaxhoba" okuthengisa - ngeenzuzo ezigqithisileyo zale nto yonke.
Luthini uluvo lwakho ngalo mba? Mhlawumbi ndiphosakele kwaye inzululwazi iphuhlisa kuphela ngokuthatha inxaxheba komnikelo kwinto ethile? — mhlawumbi eli nqaku liza kuba yimpendulo entle kumbuzo wesibini kwaye liya kwenza abaninzi bacinge phambi kwee-philanthropists ezikholelwa elunqulweni.
Ezinye iintengiso 🙂
Enkosi ngokuhlala nathi. Ngaba uyawathanda amanqaku ethu? Ngaba ufuna ukubona umxholo onomdla ngakumbi? Sixhase ngokufaka iodolo okanye ngokucebisa abahlobo, , i-analogue eyodwa yeeseva zomgangatho wokungena, eyenzelwe wena: (ifumaneka nge-RAID1 kunye ne-RAID10, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-24 cores kunye ne-40GB DDR4).
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