Molo, Habr! Ndiye ndaxhasa iinkqubo ze-IT ze-Highload iminyaka elishumi. Andiyi kubhala kweli nqaku malunga neengxaki zokuseta nginx ukusebenza kwimodi ye-1000 + RPS okanye ezinye izinto zobugcisa. Ndiya kubelana ngokuqaphela kwam malunga neengxaki kwiinkqubo ezivela kwinkxaso kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo ezinjalo.
Ukubeka iliso
Inkxaso yobugcisa ayilindi de kufike isicelo kunye nomxholo "Yintoni Kutheni ... isayithi ayisebenzi kwakhona?" Kwimizuzu embalwa emva kokuphahlazeka kwesayithi, inkxaso kufuneka sele ibone ingxaki kwaye iqale ukuyicombulula. Kodwa le ndawo yincam ye-iceberg. Ukufumaneka kwayo yenye yeyokuqala ukuba ibekwe iliso.
Yintoni enokuyenza ngemeko xa iimpahla eziseleyo zevenkile ye-intanethi zingasafiki kwinkqubo ye-ERP? Okanye ngaba inkqubo yeCRM ebala izaphulelo kubathengi iyekile ukuphendula? Indawo ibonakala isebenza. I-Zabbix enemiqathango ifumana impendulo yayo ye-200. Utshintsho lomsebenzi alufumananga naziphi na izaziso ukusuka ekubekweni iliso kwaye libukele ngovuyo isiqendu sokuqala sexesha elitsha leMidlalo yeeTrone.
Ukubeka iliso kuhlala kukhawulelwe ekulinganiseni kuphela imeko yememori, i-RAM kunye nomthwalo weprosesa yeseva. Kodwa kwishishini kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana ukufumaneka kwemveliso kwiwebhusayithi. Ukungaphumeleli kwemiqathango yomatshini omnye wenyani kwiqela kuya kukhokelela kwinto yokuba i-traffic iya kuyeka ukuya kuyo kwaye umthwalo kwamanye amaseva uya kwanda. Inkampani ayizukulahlekelwa yimali.
Ngoko ke, ngaphezu kokubeka iliso kwiiparameters zobugcisa beenkqubo zokusebenza kwiiseva, kufuneka uqwalasele i-metrics zoshishino. Iimetriki ezichaphazela imali ngokuthe ngqo. Ukusebenzisana okuhlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zangaphandle (CRM, ERP kunye nabanye). Inani lee-odolo zexesha elithile. Ugunyaziso oluphumeleleyo okanye olungaphumelelanga kunye nezinye iimetrics.
Ukusebenzisana neenkqubo zangaphandle
Nayiphi na iwebhusayithi okanye isicelo esiphathwayo esinengeniso yonyaka engaphezulu kwebhiliyoni engangeebhiliyoni esebenzisana neenkqubo zangaphandle. Ukuqala kwi-CRM ekhankanywe ngasentla kunye ne-ERP kunye nokuphela kokudluliselwa kwedatha yokuthengisa kwi-Big Data system yangaphandle yokuhlalutya ukuthengwa kunye nokunika umxhasi imveliso eya kuthenga ngokuqinisekileyo (enyanisweni, akunjalo). Inkqubo nganye enjalo inenkxaso yayo. Kwaye kaninzi ukunxibelelana kwezi nkqubo kubangela intlungu. Ngokukodwa xa ingxaki yehlabathi kwaye kufuneka uhlalutye kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo.
Ezinye iinkqubo zibonelela ngenombolo yefowuni okanye itelegram kubalawuli bazo. Kwindawo ethile kufuneka ubhale iileta kubaphathi okanye uye kubalandeleli bebug kwezi nkqubo zangaphandle. Nangaphakathi kwimeko yenkampani enye enkulu, iisistim ezahlukeneyo zihlala zisebenza kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubala izicelo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuye kube nzima ukulandelela imeko yesicelo. Ufumana isicelo kwiJira enemiqathango enye. Emva koko kumazwana ale Jira yokuqala ubeka ikhonkco kumcimbi kwenye iJira. KwiJira yesibini kwisicelo, umntu sele ebhala uluvo lokuba kufuneka ufowunele umlawuli onemiqathango u-Andrey ukusombulula umba. Kwaye njalo.
Esona sisombululo silungileyo kule ngxaki kukudala indawo enye yonxibelelwano, umzekelo kwiSlack. Ukumema bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokusebenza kweenkqubo zangaphandle ukuba bajoyine. Kwaye kunye ne-tracker enye ukuze ungaphindi usetyenziso. Izicelo kufuneka zilandelelwe kwindawo enye, ukusuka kwizaziso zokubeka iliso ukuya kwimveliso yezisombululo zebug kwixesha elizayo. Uya kuthi oku akukho ngqiqweni kwaye kuye kwenzeka ngokwembali ukuba sisebenza kwi-tracker enye, kwaye basebenza kwenye. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zavela, babenamaqela abo e-IT azimeleyo. Ndiyavuma, kwaye ke ingxaki kufuneka isonjululwe ukusuka phezulu kwi-CIO okanye kwinqanaba lomnini wemveliso.
Yonke inkqubo osebenzisana nayo kufuneka ibonelele ngenkxaso njengenkonzo ene-SLA ecacileyo yokusombulula imiba ngokubaluleka. Kwaye hayi xa umlawuli onemiqathango uAndrey enomzuzu wakho.
Indoda yaseBottleneck
Ngaba wonke umntu okwiprojekthi (okanye imveliso) unomntu ohamba ekhefini ebangela ukuxhuzula phakathi kwabaphathi bakhe? Oku kunokuba yinjineli ye-devops, umhlalutyi okanye umphuhlisi. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, yinjineli ye-devops kuphela eyazi ukuba zeziphi iiseva ezinezikhongozeli ezifakiweyo, indlela yokuqalisa kwakhona isikhongozeli xa kukho ingxaki, kwaye ngokubanzi, nayiphi na ingxaki enzima ayinakusonjululwa ngaphandle kwakhe. Umhlalutyi nguye kuphela owaziyo ukuba isebenza njani indlela yakho entsonkothileyo. Yeyiphi imilambo yedatha eya phi. Ngaphantsi kweziphi iiparamitha zezicelo zeziphi iinkonzo, zeziphi esiya kufumana iimpendulo.
Ngubani oya kuqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuba kutheni kukho iimpazamo kwiilogi kwaye alungise ngokukhawuleza i-bug ebalulekileyo kwimveliso? Ngokuqinisekileyo umphuhlisi ofanayo. Kukho abanye, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile kuphela uyayiqonda indlela iimodyuli ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo zisebenza ngayo.
Ingcambu yale ngxaki kukungabikho kwamaxwebhu. Emva koko, ukuba zonke iinkonzo zenkqubo yakho zichazwe, ngoko kuya kwenzeka ukujongana nengxaki ngaphandle komhlalutyi. Ukuba i-devops ithathe iintsuku ezimbalwa kwishedyuli yakhe exakekileyo kwaye ichaze zonke iiseva, iinkonzo kunye nemiyalelo yokusombulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo, ingxaki xa engekho inokusombulula ngaphandle kwakhe. Awudingi ukugqiba ngokukhawuleza ibhiya yakho elunxwemeni ngelixa useholideyini kwaye ujonge i-wi-fi ukusombulula ingxaki.
Ubuchule noxanduva lwabasebenzi abanika inkxaso
Kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu, iinkampani aziyitsibi imivuzo yabaphuhlisi. Bajonge abaphakathi ababizayo okanye abadala abavela kwiiprojekthi ezifanayo. Ngenkxaso imeko yahluke kancinane. Bazama ukunciphisa ezi ndleko ngayo yonke indlela. Iinkampani ziqesha abasebenzi be-Enikey abangabizi izolo kwaye ngesibindi baye edabini. Esi sicwangciso sinokwenzeka ukuba sithetha ngewebhusayithi yekhadi leshishini lesityalo eZelenograd.
Ukuba sithetha ngevenkile enkulu ye-intanethi, ke iyure nganye yokuphumla ixabisa ngaphezu komvuzo wenyanga womlawuli we-Enikey. Masithathe i-ruble ye-1 yebhiliyoni yembuyekezo yonyaka njengendawo yokuqala. Le yeyona ngeniso incinci yayo nayiphi na ivenkile ekwi-intanethi ukusuka kumlinganiselo . Ukwahlula le mali ngenani leeyure ngonyaka kwaye ufumane ngaphezu kwe-ruble ye-100 yokulahlekelwa kwenetha. Kwaye ukuba ungabali iiyure zobusuku, unokuphinda kabini inani ngokukhuselekileyo.
Kodwa imali ayiyona nto iphambili, akunjalo? (hayi, ngokuqinisekileyo eyona nto iphambili) Kukho neelahleko ezidumileyo. Ukuwa kwevenkile eyaziwayo ye-intanethi kunokubangela ukuphononongwa kwamaza kwiintanethi zentlalo kunye noshicilelo kumajelo eendaba. Kwaye iingxoxo zabahlobo ekhitshini kwisitayela esithi "Musa ukuthenga nantoni na apho, iwebhusayithi yabo ihlala iphantsi" ayinakulinganiswa konke konke.
Ngoku kuxanduva. Kwinkqubo yam, kukho imeko xa umlawuli osemsebenzini engazange aphendule ngexesha kwisaziso esivela kwinkqubo yokubeka iliso malunga nokungafumaneki kwendawo. Ngobusuku obumnandi behlobo langoLwesihlanu, iwebhusayithi yevenkile eyaziwayo ye-intanethi eMoscow yayithe cwaka. NgoMgqibelo ekuseni, umphathi wemveliso wale ndawo akazange aqonde ukuba kutheni le ndawo ingavulwanga, kwaye kwathi cwaka kwinkxaso kunye neengxoxo zesaziso esingxamisekileyo kwiSlack. Impazamo enjalo yasixabisa isixa-mali esizii-6, kwaye eli gosa lomsebenzi ngumsebenzi walo.
Uxanduva sisakhono esinzima ukuphuhlisa. Ngaba umntu unayo okanye akanayo. Ngoko ke, ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe, ndizama ukuchonga ubukho bayo ngemibuzo eyahlukeneyo ebonisa ngokungathanga ngqo ukuba umntu ujwayele ukuthatha uxanduva. Ukuba umntu uphendula ngelithi ukhethe iyunivesiti kuba abazali bakhe betshilo okanye watshintsha umsebenzi kuba umfazi wakhe esithi akafumani mvuzo waneleyo, kulunge ngakumbi ukungabandakanyeki nabantu abanjalo.
Ukusebenzisana neqela lophuhliso
Xa abasebenzisi behlangabezana neengxaki ezilula ngemveliso ngexesha lokusebenza, inkxaso ixazulula ngokwabo. Izama ukuphinda ivelise ingxaki, ihlalutye iinkuni, njalo njalo. Kodwa yintoni onokuyenza xa i-bug ibonakala kwimveliso? Kule meko, inkxaso inika umsebenzi kubaphuhlisi kwaye kulapho ulonwabo luqala khona.
Abaphuhlisi bahlala begcwele kakhulu. Benza izinto ezintsha. Ukulungisa iibhugi ngokuthengisa akuwona umsebenzi onomdla kakhulu. Imihla ebekiweyo iyasondela ukuze kugqitywe umdyarho olandelayo. Kwaye ke abantu abangonwabanga kwinkxaso beza bathi: "Yeka yonke into ngokukhawuleza, sineengxaki." Ukubaluleka kwemisebenzi enjalo kuncinci. Ngokukodwa xa ingxaki ingeyiyo eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye umsebenzi ophambili wesiza usebenza, kwaye xa umphathi wokukhululwa engabaleki ngamehlo abomvu kwaye abhale: "Yongeza ngokukhawuleza lo msebenzi kukhupho olulandelayo okanye kwi-hotfix."
Imiba enokubaluleka okuqhelekileyo okanye okuphantsi iyasuswa ukusuka ekukhululweni ukuya ekukhululweni. Kumbuzo othi "Uza kugqitywa nini umsebenzi?" Uya kufumana iimpendulo ngesitayile esithi: "Uxolo, mininzi imisebenzi ngoku, buza iqela lakho elikhokelayo okanye ukhulule umphathi."
Iingxaki zemveliso zithatha indawo yokuqala kunokwenza izinto ezintsha. Uphononongo olubi aluzukuthatha ixesha elide ukuba abasebenzisi bahlala bekhubeka kwiibugs. Udumo olonakeleyo kunzima ukulubuyisela.
Imiba yokusebenzisana phakathi kophuhliso kunye nenkxaso isonjululwa yi-DevOps. Esi sishunqulelo sisoloko sisetyenziswa ngendlela yomntu othile onceda ekudaleni iimeko zovavanyo kuphuhliso, wakha imibhobho yeCICD kwaye ngokukhawuleza uzisa ikhowudi evavanyiweyo kwimveliso. I-DevOps yindlela yokuphuhlisa isoftware xa bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo benxibelelana ngokusondeleyo kwaye bancede ukwenza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhlaziya iimveliso zesoftware kunye neenkonzo. Ndithetha abahlalutyi, abaphuhlisi, abavavanyi kunye nenkxaso.
Kule ndlela, inkxaso kunye nophuhliso ayingomasebe ahlukeneyo aneenjongo kunye neenjongo zawo. Uphuhliso lubandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwaye ngokuphambanayo. Ibinzana elidumileyo lamaqela asasazwayo: "Ingxaki ayikho kwicala lam" ayisabonakali kwiingxoxo rhoqo, kwaye abasebenzisi bokugqibela bayonwaba ngakumbi.
umthombo: www.habr.com